Breastfeeding promotes early neonatal regulatory T-cell expansion and immune tolerance of non-inherited maternal antigens.
Th17
breastfeeding
microbiome
neonate
non-inherited maternal antigen
regulatory T cell
Journal
Allergy
ISSN: 1398-9995
Titre abrégé: Allergy
Pays: Denmark
ID NLM: 7804028
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
08 2021
08 2021
Historique:
revised:
01
12
2020
received:
05
10
2020
accepted:
15
12
2020
pubmed:
13
1
2021
medline:
10
8
2021
entrez:
12
1
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Breastfeeding is associated with long-term health benefits, such as a lower incidence of childhood infections, asthma, obesity and autoimmune disorders. However, little is known regarding how the maternal and neonatal immune systems interact after parturition when the neonate receives nutrition from maternal breast milk. We undertook a comparative analysis of immune repertoire and function at birth and 3 weeks of age in a cohort of 38 term neonates born by caesarean section grouped according to feeding method (breast milk versus formula). We used flow cytometry to study the immune phenotype in neonatal and maternal blood samples and mixed lymphocyte reactions to establish the proliferation response of neonatal versus maternal lymphocytes and vice versa. The microbiome of neonatal stool samples was also investigated using 16S rRNA sequencing. We show that the proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) increases in this period and is nearly twofold higher in exclusively breastfed neonates compared with those who received formula milk only. Moreover, breastfed neonates show a specific and Treg-dependent reduction in proliferative T-cell responses to non-inherited maternal antigens (NIMA), associated with a reduction in inflammatory cytokine production. We also observed the enrichment of short chain fatty acid producing taxa (Veillonella and Gemella) in stool samples of exclusively breastfed neonates. These data indicate that exposure of the neonate to maternal cells through breastfeeding acts to drive the maturation of Tregs and 'tolerizes' the neonate towards NIMA.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Breastfeeding is associated with long-term health benefits, such as a lower incidence of childhood infections, asthma, obesity and autoimmune disorders. However, little is known regarding how the maternal and neonatal immune systems interact after parturition when the neonate receives nutrition from maternal breast milk.
METHODS
We undertook a comparative analysis of immune repertoire and function at birth and 3 weeks of age in a cohort of 38 term neonates born by caesarean section grouped according to feeding method (breast milk versus formula). We used flow cytometry to study the immune phenotype in neonatal and maternal blood samples and mixed lymphocyte reactions to establish the proliferation response of neonatal versus maternal lymphocytes and vice versa. The microbiome of neonatal stool samples was also investigated using 16S rRNA sequencing.
RESULTS
We show that the proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) increases in this period and is nearly twofold higher in exclusively breastfed neonates compared with those who received formula milk only. Moreover, breastfed neonates show a specific and Treg-dependent reduction in proliferative T-cell responses to non-inherited maternal antigens (NIMA), associated with a reduction in inflammatory cytokine production. We also observed the enrichment of short chain fatty acid producing taxa (Veillonella and Gemella) in stool samples of exclusively breastfed neonates.
CONCLUSIONS
These data indicate that exposure of the neonate to maternal cells through breastfeeding acts to drive the maturation of Tregs and 'tolerizes' the neonate towards NIMA.
Substances chimiques
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2447-2460Subventions
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/M009157/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Informations de copyright
© 2021 The Authors. Allergy published by European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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