From Nutcracker Phenomenon to Nutcracker Syndrome: A Pictorial Review.
CT
ECD
nutcracker phenomenon
nutcracker syndrome
renal
renovascular hypertension
Journal
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2075-4418
Titre abrégé: Diagnostics (Basel)
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101658402
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
11 Jan 2021
11 Jan 2021
Historique:
received:
27
11
2020
revised:
02
01
2021
accepted:
06
01
2021
entrez:
14
1
2021
pubmed:
15
1
2021
medline:
15
1
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Left renal vein (LRV) entrapment, also known as nutcracker phenomenon if it is asymptomatic, is characterized by abnormality of outflow from the LRV into the inferior vena cava (IVC) due to extrinsic LRV compression, often accompanied by demonstrable lateral (hilar) dilatation and medial (mesoaortic) stenosis. Nutcracker syndrome, on the other hand, includes a well-defined set of symptoms, and the severity of these clinical manifestations is related to the severity of anatomic and hemodynamic findings. With the aim of providing practical guidance for nephrologists and radiologists, we performed a review of the literature through the PubMed database, and we commented on the definition, the main clinical features, and imaging pattern of this syndrome; we also researched the main therapeutic approaches validated in the literature. Finally, from the electronic database of our institute, we have selected some characteristic cases and we have commented on the imaging pattern of this disease.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33440614
pii: diagnostics11010101
doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11010101
pmc: PMC7826835
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
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