[Prediction and prevention of chronic postoperative pain].
Prädiktion und Prävention chronischer postoperativer Schmerzen.
Analgesia, preventive
Combined modality therapy
Models, biopsychosocial
Pain chronification
Risk stratification
Journal
Schmerz (Berlin, Germany)
ISSN: 1432-2129
Titre abrégé: Schmerz
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 8906258
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Feb 2021
Feb 2021
Historique:
received:
12
09
2020
accepted:
10
12
2020
revised:
06
12
2020
pubmed:
21
1
2021
medline:
16
2
2021
entrez:
20
1
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Chronic postoperative pain has been identified as a major medical and socioeconomic problem. A prevention of the chronification processes is potentially possible and preventive treatment could start early (e.g. preoperatively). So far, however, evidence for the effectiveness of preventive strategies is basically low. Important reasons for this dilemma are the lack of appropriate risk assessment as well as effective and mechanism-based preventive (procedure-sepcific) strategies for the chronification process, a lack of stratification of treatment approaches and a so far barely investigated combination of various treatment approaches. In this review article recent findings on the appropriate identification of patients at risk for developing postoperative chronic pain are presented, predictive models for the valid estimation of the individual risk of patients are assessed and studies on pharmaceutical and regional analgesia techniques influencing the pain chronification process are discussed. As a chronification process is, however, extremely complex and dynamic and also necessitates adaptation of the prevention during the course of the process, only combinations of treatment, interdisciplinary and if necessary even longer term approaches might be successful. Future studies are needed to address with which preventive treatment strategies and in which patients chronic pain after surgery can effectively be prevented. Chronische postoperative Schmerzen sind ein klinisch und gesellschaftspolitisch relevantes Problem. Eine Prävention der Chronifizierungsprozesse ist potenziell möglich und könnte schon perioperativ beginnen. Die Evidenz für die Wirksamkeit bestimmter Präventionsmaßnahmen ist aber weitestgehend gering. Wichtige Gründe für dieses Dilemma sind eine fehlende Identifikation von Risikofaktoren sowie effektiven und mechanismenbasierten Präventionsmaßnahmen für den Chronifizierungsprozess, eine fehlende Stratifizierung der Behandlung und eine bisher kaum untersuchte Kombination verschiedener Behandlungsansätze. In diesem Übersichtsbeitrag werden neue Erkenntnisse zur geeigneten Identifikation von Risikopatienten für eine Schmerzchronifizierung nach Operationen vorgestellt, prädiktive Modelle zur validen Einschätzung des individuellen Risikos von Patienten bewertet und Studien zur medikamentösen und regionalanalgetischen Beeinflussung des Schmerzchronifizierungsprozesses diskutiert. Da ein Chronifizierungsprozess komplex und dynamisch ist und im Verlauf des Prozesses auch Anpassungen der Prävention erfordert, haben möglicherweise nur Kombinationstherapien, interdisziplinäre und gegebenenfalls sogar längerfristige Maßnahmen Erfolg. Studien müssen zeigen, mit welchen präventiven Maßnahmen bei welchen Risikopatienten chronische Schmerzen nach Operationen effektiv verhindert werden können.
Autres résumés
Type: Publisher
(ger)
Chronische postoperative Schmerzen sind ein klinisch und gesellschaftspolitisch relevantes Problem. Eine Prävention der Chronifizierungsprozesse ist potenziell möglich und könnte schon perioperativ beginnen. Die Evidenz für die Wirksamkeit bestimmter Präventionsmaßnahmen ist aber weitestgehend gering. Wichtige Gründe für dieses Dilemma sind eine fehlende Identifikation von Risikofaktoren sowie effektiven und mechanismenbasierten Präventionsmaßnahmen für den Chronifizierungsprozess, eine fehlende Stratifizierung der Behandlung und eine bisher kaum untersuchte Kombination verschiedener Behandlungsansätze. In diesem Übersichtsbeitrag werden neue Erkenntnisse zur geeigneten Identifikation von Risikopatienten für eine Schmerzchronifizierung nach Operationen vorgestellt, prädiktive Modelle zur validen Einschätzung des individuellen Risikos von Patienten bewertet und Studien zur medikamentösen und regionalanalgetischen Beeinflussung des Schmerzchronifizierungsprozesses diskutiert. Da ein Chronifizierungsprozess komplex und dynamisch ist und im Verlauf des Prozesses auch Anpassungen der Prävention erfordert, haben möglicherweise nur Kombinationstherapien, interdisziplinäre und gegebenenfalls sogar längerfristige Maßnahmen Erfolg. Studien müssen zeigen, mit welchen präventiven Maßnahmen bei welchen Risikopatienten chronische Schmerzen nach Operationen effektiv verhindert werden können.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33471209
doi: 10.1007/s00482-020-00525-2
pii: 10.1007/s00482-020-00525-2
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
ger
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
30-43Commentaires et corrections
Type : ErratumIn
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