The relationship between training load and pain, injury and illness in competitive swimming: A systematic review.

Adolescent Competitive Behavior Cumulative Trauma Disorders / prevention & control Humans Male Pain / etiology Physical Conditioning, Human / adverse effects Prospective Studies Swimming / injuries
Elite swimmer External load Internal load Monitoring Surveillance

Journal

Physical therapy in sport : official journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports Medicine
ISSN: 1873-1600
Titre abrégé: Phys Ther Sport
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100940513

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
Mar 2021
Historique:
received: 11 08 2020
revised: 02 01 2021
accepted: 05 01 2021
pubmed: 25 1 2021
medline: 10 4 2021
entrez: 24 1 2021
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Research suggests that the frequency of training, combined with the repetitive motion involved in high volume swimming can predispose swimmers to symptoms of over-training. The prevention of pain, injury and illness is of paramount importance in competitive swimming in order to maximise a swimmer's ability to train and perform consistently. A significant factor in the prevention of pain, injury or illness is the appropriate load monitoring and management practices within a training programme. The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the relationship between training load and pain, injury and illness in competitive swimmers. The databases SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Scopus, MEDLINE and Embase were searched in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if they reported on competitive swimmers and analysed the link between training load and either pain, injury or illness. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. The search retrieved 1,959 articles, 15 of which were included for review. The critical appraisal process indicated study quality was poor overall. Pain was the most explored condition (N = 12), with injury (N = 2) and illness (N = 1) making up the remaining articles. There was no evidence of an association between training load and pain, while there may be some evidence to suggest a relationship between training load and injury or illness. The relationship between training load and pain, injury or illness is unclear owing to a host of methodological constraints. The review highlighted that youth, masters and competitive swimmers of a lower ability (e.g. club versus international) may need particular consideration when planning training loads. Winter periods, higher intensity sessions and speed elements may also need to be programmed with care. Monitoring practices need to be developed in conjunction with consensus guidelines, with the inclusion of internal training loads being a priority. Future research should focus on longitudinal prospective studies, utilising the session Rating of Perceived Exertion (sRPE) monitoring method and investigating the applicability of Acute/Chronic Workload Ratio (ACWR) and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA). Improved methods and study design will provide further clarity on the relationship between load and pain, injury, and illness.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
Research suggests that the frequency of training, combined with the repetitive motion involved in high volume swimming can predispose swimmers to symptoms of over-training. The prevention of pain, injury and illness is of paramount importance in competitive swimming in order to maximise a swimmer's ability to train and perform consistently. A significant factor in the prevention of pain, injury or illness is the appropriate load monitoring and management practices within a training programme.
OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the relationship between training load and pain, injury and illness in competitive swimmers.
METHODS METHODS
The databases SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Scopus, MEDLINE and Embase were searched in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if they reported on competitive swimmers and analysed the link between training load and either pain, injury or illness. The methodological quality and study bias were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist.
RESULTS RESULTS
The search retrieved 1,959 articles, 15 of which were included for review. The critical appraisal process indicated study quality was poor overall. Pain was the most explored condition (N = 12), with injury (N = 2) and illness (N = 1) making up the remaining articles. There was no evidence of an association between training load and pain, while there may be some evidence to suggest a relationship between training load and injury or illness.
CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS
The relationship between training load and pain, injury or illness is unclear owing to a host of methodological constraints. The review highlighted that youth, masters and competitive swimmers of a lower ability (e.g. club versus international) may need particular consideration when planning training loads. Winter periods, higher intensity sessions and speed elements may also need to be programmed with care. Monitoring practices need to be developed in conjunction with consensus guidelines, with the inclusion of internal training loads being a priority. Future research should focus on longitudinal prospective studies, utilising the session Rating of Perceived Exertion (sRPE) monitoring method and investigating the applicability of Acute/Chronic Workload Ratio (ACWR) and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA). Improved methods and study design will provide further clarity on the relationship between load and pain, injury, and illness.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.01.002 PMID: 33486408
pubmed: 33486408
pii: S1466-853X(21)00003-1
doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.01.002
pii:
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Systematic Review

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

154-168

Commentaires et corrections

Type : ErratumIn

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Declaration of competing interest Lorna Barry, Tom Comyns, Karen McCreesh, Mark Lyons, Cormac Powell declare that they have no competing interests. Lorna Barry and Cormac Powell are employees of Swim Ireland, but this does not constitute a competing interest.

Auteurs

Lorna Barry (L)

Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Performance Department, Swim Ireland, Sport HQ, Dublin, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland. Electronic address: lorna.a.barry@ul.ie.

Mark Lyons (M)

Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.

Karen McCreesh (K)

School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.

Cormac Powell (C)

Performance Department, Swim Ireland, Sport HQ, Dublin, Ireland; Physical Activity for Health Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.

Tom Comyns (T)

Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.

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Classifications MeSH

questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Adolescent › The relationship between training load and...
questionsmedicales.fr › Comportement et mécanismes comportementaux › Comportement › Comportement social › Comportement compétitif › The relationship between training load and...
questionsmedicales.fr › Plaies et blessures › Entorses et foulures › Lésions par microtraumatismes répétés › The relationship between training load and...
questionsmedicales.fr › Eucaryotes › Animaux › Chordés › Vertébrés › Mammifères › Eutheria › Primates › Haplorhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Humains › The relationship between training load and...
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes physiologiques de l'appareil locomoteur et du système nerveux › Phénomènes physiologiques du système nerveux › Sensation › Douleur › The relationship between training load and...
questionsmedicales.fr › Activités humaines › Exercice physique › Mise en condition physique de l'homme › The relationship between training load and...
questionsmedicales.fr › Environnement et santé publique › Santé publique › Méthodes épidémiologiques › Caractéristiques des études épidémiologiques › Études épidémiologiques › Études de cohortes › Études prospectives › The relationship between training load and...
questionsmedicales.fr › Activités humaines › Activités de loisirs › Loisir › Sports › Sports nautiques › Natation › The relationship between training load and...