Autism Spectrum Disorder from the Womb to Adulthood: Suggestions for a Paradigm Shift.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
epigenetics
gut dysbiosis
immune activation
machine learning
metabolomics
mitochondrial impairment
oxidative stress
pathogenesis
prevention
Journal
Journal of personalized medicine
ISSN: 2075-4426
Titre abrégé: J Pers Med
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101602269
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
25 Jan 2021
25 Jan 2021
Historique:
received:
05
12
2020
revised:
10
01
2021
accepted:
19
01
2021
entrez:
28
1
2021
pubmed:
29
1
2021
medline:
29
1
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The wide spectrum of unique needs and strengths of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is a challenge for the worldwide healthcare system. With the plethora of information from research, a common thread is required to conceptualize an exhaustive pathogenetic paradigm. The epidemiological and clinical findings in ASD cannot be explained by the traditional linear genetic model, hence the need to move towards a more fluid conception, integrating genetics, environment, and epigenetics as a whole. The embryo-fetal period and the first two years of life (the so-called 'First 1000 Days') are the crucial time window for neurodevelopment. In particular, the interplay and the vicious loop between immune activation, gut dysbiosis, and mitochondrial impairment/oxidative stress significantly affects neurodevelopment during pregnancy and undermines the health of ASD people throughout life. Consequently, the most effective intervention in ASD is expected by primary prevention aimed at pregnancy and at early control of the main effector molecular pathways. We will reason here on a comprehensive and exhaustive pathogenetic paradigm in ASD, viewed not just as a theoretical issue, but as a tool to provide suggestions for effective preventive strategies and personalized, dynamic (from womb to adulthood), systemic, and interdisciplinary healthcare approach.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33504019
pii: jpm11020070
doi: 10.3390/jpm11020070
pmc: PMC7912683
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
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