EMT—epithelial to mesenchymal transition
apoptosis
basement membrane
cell polarity and adhesion
coloboma
eye development
optic fissure closure
transcriptome (RNA-seq)
Journal
Frontiers in cell and developmental biology
ISSN: 2296-634X
Titre abrégé: Front Cell Dev Biol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101630250
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2020
2020
Historique:
received:
23
10
2020
accepted:
08
12
2020
entrez:
28
1
2021
pubmed:
29
1
2021
medline:
29
1
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
A key embryonic process that occurs early in ocular development is optic fissure closure (OFC). This fusion process closes the ventral optic fissure and completes the circumferential continuity of the 3-dimensional eye. It is defined by the coming together and fusion of opposing neuroepithelia along the entire proximal-distal axis of the ventral optic cup, involving future neural retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), optic nerve, ciliary body, and iris. Once these have occurred, cells within the fused seam differentiate into components of the functioning visual system. Correct development and progression of OFC, and the continued integrity of the fused margin along this axis, are important for the overall structure of the eye. Failure of OFC results in ocular coloboma-a significant cause of childhood visual impairment that can be associated with several complex ocular phenotypes including microphthalmia and anterior segment dysgenesis. Despite a large number of genes identified, the exact pathways that definitively mediate fusion have not yet been found, reflecting both the biological complexity and genetic heterogeneity of the process. This review will highlight how recent developmental studies have become focused specifically on the epithelial fusion aspects of OFC, applying a range of model organisms (spanning fish, avian, and mammalian species) and utilizing emerging high-resolution live-imaging technologies, transgenic fluorescent models, and unbiased transcriptomic analyses of segmentally-dissected fissure tissue. Key aspects of the fusion process are discussed, including basement membrane dynamics, unique cell behaviors, and the identities and fates of the cells that mediate fusion. These will be set in the context of what is now known, and how these point the way to new avenues of research.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33505973
doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.620774
pmc: PMC7829581
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
620774Subventions
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
ID : BBS/E/D/20320000
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/S033165/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Chan, Moosajee and Rainger.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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