Avoiding Drug Resistance in HIV Reverse Transcriptase.
Anti-HIV Agents
/ chemistry
Drug Design
Drug Resistance, Viral
HIV Infections
/ drug therapy
HIV Reverse Transcriptase
/ antagonists & inhibitors
HIV-1
/ drug effects
Humans
Models, Molecular
Mutation
Protein Binding
Protein Conformation
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
/ chemistry
Signal Transduction
Structure-Activity Relationship
Virus Replication
/ drug effects
Journal
Chemical reviews
ISSN: 1520-6890
Titre abrégé: Chem Rev
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 2985134R
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
24 03 2021
24 03 2021
Historique:
pubmed:
29
1
2021
medline:
28
9
2021
entrez:
28
1
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme that plays a major role in the replication cycle of HIV and has been a key target of anti-HIV drug development efforts. Because of the high genetic diversity of the virus, mutations in RT can impart resistance to various RT inhibitors. As the prevalence of drug resistance mutations is on the rise, it is necessary to design strategies that will lead to drugs less susceptible to resistance. Here we provide an in-depth review of HIV reverse transcriptase, current RT inhibitors, novel RT inhibitors, and mechanisms of drug resistance. We also present novel strategies that can be useful to overcome RT's ability to escape therapies through drug resistance. While resistance may not be completely avoidable, designing drugs based on the strategies and principles discussed in this review could decrease the prevalence of drug resistance.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33507067
doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00967
pmc: PMC8149104
mid: NIHMS1701022
doi:
Substances chimiques
Anti-HIV Agents
0
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
0
HIV Reverse Transcriptase
EC 2.7.7.49
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
3271-3296Subventions
Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : T32 GM008367
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : R01 GM118012
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIAID NIH HHS
ID : U54 AI150472
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIAID NIH HHS
ID : R37 AI076119
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIAID NIH HHS
ID : R01 AI121315
Pays : United States
Références
EMBO J. 2000 Nov 1;19(21):5752-61
pubmed: 11060026
J Virol. 2002 Sep;76(18):9143-51
pubmed: 12186898
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Aug 19;111(33):12234-9
pubmed: 25092296
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012 Sep;56(9):4707-12
pubmed: 22713337
AIDS Read. 2002 Aug;12(8):349-50, 356-7, 368
pubmed: 12229892
J Virol. 2000 Dec;74(23):10958-64
pubmed: 11069990
J Clin Virol. 2003 Feb;26(2):153-61
pubmed: 12600647
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2015 Jun;21(6):607.e1-8
pubmed: 25704446
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2001 Mar 1;26(3):266-73
pubmed: 11242200
AIDS. 2000 May 26;14(8):1009-15
pubmed: 10853983
Drugs. 2017 Oct;77(16):1811-1816
pubmed: 28940154
J Med Chem. 2012 Jul 26;55(14):6243-62
pubmed: 22621397
J Infect Dis. 2002 May 1;185(9):1251-60
pubmed: 12001042
Biomed Pharmacother. 1999 Mar;53(2):73-86
pubmed: 10337461
J Mol Biol. 2001 Sep 28;312(4):795-805
pubmed: 11575933
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Feb;87(4):1556-60
pubmed: 2304918
Science. 2020 Feb 14;367(6479):810-814
pubmed: 32001521
Structure. 1995 Sep 15;3(9):915-26
pubmed: 8535785
Structure. 2000 Oct 15;8(10):1089-94
pubmed: 11080630
J Virol. 1997 Nov;71(11):8087-95
pubmed: 9343157
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2004 Dec;14(6):716-30
pubmed: 15582396
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Jan 21;94(2):407-11
pubmed: 9012795
EMBO J. 2006 May 3;25(9):1924-33
pubmed: 16601679
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015 Feb;59(2):960-71
pubmed: 25421485
J Virol. 1995 Aug;69(8):5087-94
pubmed: 7541846
Curr Pharm Des. 2017;23(18):2579-2591
pubmed: 28356043
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012 Aug;56(8):4522-4
pubmed: 22664973
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Feb 14;92(4):1222-6
pubmed: 7532306
AIDS. 2004 Aug 20;18(12):1683-9
pubmed: 15280779
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000 Sep;44(9):2475-84
pubmed: 10952598
J Infect Dis. 2000 Mar;181(3):912-20
pubmed: 10720512
J Gen Virol. 1979 Jan;42(1):1-26
pubmed: 215703
Med Res Rev. 1996 Jan;16(1):3-50
pubmed: 8788213
J Pathol. 2015 Jan;235(2):229-41
pubmed: 25251832
Curr Med Chem. 2018;25(14):1682-1702
pubmed: 28088905
J Virol. 2006 Dec;80(24):12283-92
pubmed: 17020946
Nature. 1995 Jan 12;373(6510):123-6
pubmed: 7816094
J Biol Chem. 2009 Dec 11;284(50):35092-100
pubmed: 19812032
Science. 1998 Nov 27;282(5394):1669-75
pubmed: 9831551
Antivir Chem Chemother. 2007;18(5):297-300
pubmed: 18046962
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2000 Dec;16(4):429-34
pubmed: 11118853
EMBO J. 1996 Feb 15;15(4):917-24
pubmed: 8631312
J Infect Dis. 2003 Oct 1;188(7):992-1000
pubmed: 14513419
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002 Nov;46(11):3437-46
pubmed: 12384348
Viruses. 2011 Jan;3(1):20-5
pubmed: 21980583
Virus Res. 2008 Jun;134(1-2):86-103
pubmed: 18261820
J Mol Biol. 2000 Jul 7;300(2):403-18
pubmed: 10873473
Hepatology. 2015 Oct;62(4):1024-36
pubmed: 26122273
AIDS. 2002 May 3;16(7):1051-8
pubmed: 11953472
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Mar 28;97(7):3056-61
pubmed: 10737786
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016 Aug 15;72(5):485-91
pubmed: 27124362
Virology. 2001 May 10;283(2):294-305
pubmed: 11336554
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2016 Oct 17;55(43):13408-13421
pubmed: 27539547
Science. 1991 Sep 27;253(5027):1557-9
pubmed: 1716788
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Nov;83(21):8333-7
pubmed: 2430286
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Aug 16;113(33):9274-9
pubmed: 27489345
Curr Med Chem. 2014 Jun;21(17):1956-67
pubmed: 24438523
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Mar 14;92(6):2398-402
pubmed: 7534421
J Biol Chem. 2009 Dec 18;284(51):35681-91
pubmed: 19837673
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015;59(6):3189-96
pubmed: 25779585
J Biol Chem. 1998 Oct 23;273(43):28384-91
pubmed: 9774465
Virology. 2004 Sep 1;326(2):262-79
pubmed: 15302212
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2018 Sep 24;62(10):
pubmed: 30012772
Nat Chem Biol. 2010 Jun;6(6):442-8
pubmed: 20473303
J Mol Biol. 1996 Dec 20;264(5):1085-100
pubmed: 9000632
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014 May;69(5):1362-9
pubmed: 24508897
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2010 Nov;26(11):1197-205
pubmed: 20854144
J Gen Virol. 2004 Aug;85(Pt 8):2389-2395
pubmed: 15269381
Antivir Chem Chemother. 2014 Jan 29;23(4):129-44
pubmed: 24150519
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Apr;48(4):1413-5
pubmed: 15047556
Antiviral Res. 2010 Jan;85(1):75-90
pubmed: 19781578
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Nov;47(11):3478-84
pubmed: 14576105
J Virol. 1990 Oct;64(10):4903-6
pubmed: 1697909
Chembiochem. 2016 Apr 15;17(8):683-8
pubmed: 26946324
ACS Cent Sci. 2020 May 27;6(5):672-683
pubmed: 32483554
Science. 1990 Nov 30;250(4985):1227-33
pubmed: 1700865
Curr Opin Virol. 2013 Apr;3(2):111-8
pubmed: 23602471
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2018 Jul;13(4):294-299
pubmed: 29697468
J Biol Chem. 2007 Feb 2;282(5):3337-46
pubmed: 17145704
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014 Jan;69(1):12-20
pubmed: 23934770
AIDS. 2010 Feb 20;24(4):503-14
pubmed: 20051805
J Virol. 2010 Nov;84(22):11981-93
pubmed: 20844042
J Biol Chem. 1995 Aug 25;270(34):19729-35
pubmed: 7544345
Antivir Chem Chemother. 2007;18(6):307-16
pubmed: 18320935
Protein Eng. 1990 May;3(6):461-7
pubmed: 2196557
Science. 2017 Feb 10;355(6325):597-602
pubmed: 28183972
Commun Biol. 2019 Dec 13;2:469
pubmed: 31872074
J Biol Chem. 1998 Apr 24;273(17):10139-46
pubmed: 9553061
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993 Feb;37(2):332-8
pubmed: 8452366
J Virol. 2001 May;75(10):4832-42
pubmed: 11312355
Nature. 1988 Jan 21;331(6153):280-3
pubmed: 2447506
J Med Chem. 2005 Mar 24;48(6):1901-9
pubmed: 15771434
Biochemistry. 2003 Jan 28;42(3):639-50
pubmed: 12534276
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1998 Feb 10;14(3):255-60
pubmed: 9491916
J Biol Chem. 1997 May 16;272(20):13262-9
pubmed: 9148945
J Infect Dis. 1998 Jun;177(6):1506-13
pubmed: 9607827
J Virol. 1996 Sep;70(9):5930-4
pubmed: 8709214
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2019 Feb 19;509(4):943-948
pubmed: 30648556
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58(3):1652-63
pubmed: 24379202
J Virol. 1998 Oct;72(10):7941-9
pubmed: 9733832
Nat Protoc. 2016 May;11(5):905-19
pubmed: 27077332
Nat Chem. 2013 Mar;5(3):174-81
pubmed: 23422558
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Aug 31;96(18):10027-32
pubmed: 10468556
Drugs Context. 2020 Mar 03;9:
pubmed: 32180823
Structure. 1996 Jul 15;4(7):853-60
pubmed: 8805568
J Virol. 2003 Mar;77(6):3871-7
pubmed: 12610164
Top HIV Med. 2003 May-Jun;11(3):92-6
pubmed: 12837968
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Jul 1;90(13):6320-4
pubmed: 7687065
Nature. 1987 Jun 25-Jul 1;327(6124):716-7
pubmed: 2439916
J Mol Biol. 2003 Feb 14;326(2):381-96
pubmed: 12559908
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Sep 5;114(36):9725-9730
pubmed: 28827354
Virology. 1992 Sep;190(1):440-2
pubmed: 1529543
J Med Chem. 2004 May 6;47(10):2550-60
pubmed: 15115397
Curr Pharm Des. 2006;12(15):1909-22
pubmed: 16724956
Structure. 2008 Nov 12;16(11):1689-701
pubmed: 19000821
J Virol. 2000 Mar;74(5):2313-22
pubmed: 10666262
JAMA. 2002 Jul 10;288(2):181-8
pubmed: 12095382
J Infect Dis. 2020 Apr 7;221(9):1398-1406
pubmed: 31175822
Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2004 May;11(5):469-74
pubmed: 15107837
J Med Chem. 2019 Nov 14;62(21):9996-10002
pubmed: 31603676
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014 Oct;58(10):6101-10
pubmed: 25092689
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Jun 19;98(13):7188-93
pubmed: 11416202
Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2010 Oct;17(10):1202-9
pubmed: 20852643
Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2011 Apr;10(4):307-17
pubmed: 21455239
Lancet HIV. 2020 Mar;7(3):e164-e172
pubmed: 31911147
Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2008;40(11):2410-20
pubmed: 18487070
Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 Oct;42(18):11687-96
pubmed: 25232099
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 May;54(5):1973-80
pubmed: 20194692
Virology. 2007 Jul 5;363(2):437-46
pubmed: 17336363
J Pharm Pharmacol. 2018 Jun;70(6):723-731
pubmed: 29528116
J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Dec;37(12):4099-106
pubmed: 10565938
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Dec;57(12):6254-64
pubmed: 24100493
J Med Chem. 2013 Apr 11;56(7):2738-46
pubmed: 23342998
Nat Struct Biol. 1995 May;2(5):407-15
pubmed: 7545077
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015 Jan;59(1):590-8
pubmed: 25385110
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012 Jan 1;59(1):47-54
pubmed: 21997204
Biochem Pharmacol. 1989 May 1;38(9):1385-8
pubmed: 2497744
Antiviral Res. 2014 Jan;101:131-5
pubmed: 24291780
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 May;74(5):1908-12
pubmed: 68472
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005 Aug 1;39(4):406-11
pubmed: 16010161
J Virol. 2000 Feb;74(3):1234-40
pubmed: 10627533
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013 Aug 1;63(4):449-55
pubmed: 23807155
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2002 Jul 1;30(3):278-87
pubmed: 12131564
J Biol Chem. 1992 Dec 25;267(36):25988-97
pubmed: 1281479
Nat Med. 2001 Sep;7(9):1016-20
pubmed: 11533704
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Feb 5;105(5):1466-71
pubmed: 18230722
J Int AIDS Soc. 2013 Sep 04;16:1-14
pubmed: 24008177
mBio. 2018 Mar 6;9(2):
pubmed: 29511076
Nature. 1995 Jan 12;373(6510):117-22
pubmed: 7529365
J Mol Biol. 1998 Nov 27;284(2):313-23
pubmed: 9813120
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 Feb;51(2):429-37
pubmed: 17116677
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2017 Nov 27;56(48):15200-15209
pubmed: 28853194
J Chem Theory Comput. 2013 Dec 10;9(12):5693-5705
pubmed: 24587770
J Virol. 2010 May;84(10):5368-78
pubmed: 20237088
J Biol Chem. 2014 Aug 29;289(35):24533-48
pubmed: 24970894
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Aug;48(8):3122-6
pubmed: 15273130
Biochemistry. 2002 Sep 10;41(36):10968-75
pubmed: 12206668
J Virol. 2002 Nov;76(22):11273-82
pubmed: 12388687
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Jun 2;112(22):6979-84
pubmed: 26038551
J Biol Inorg Chem. 2000 Feb;5(1):67-74
pubmed: 10766438
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Oct;83(20):7648-52
pubmed: 2429313
J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care. 2020 Jan-Dec;19:2325958220919231
pubmed: 32295453
J Infect Dis. 2003 Mar 15;187(6):896-900
pubmed: 12660935
Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2014 Dec;28(4):563-83
pubmed: 25455314
Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2012 Jan 22;19(2):253-9
pubmed: 22266819
EMBO J. 1996 Aug 15;15(16):4434-42
pubmed: 8861970
Cell. 1977 Sep;12(1):57-72
pubmed: 198142
EMBO J. 2001 Mar 15;20(6):1449-61
pubmed: 11250910
J Med Chem. 2017 Jun 22;60(12):5045-5056
pubmed: 28525279
Science. 2017 Jan 6;355(6320):93-95
pubmed: 28059770
J Biol Chem. 2004 Jan 2;279(1):509-16
pubmed: 14551187
ACS Med Chem Lett. 2016 Oct 31;7(12):1156-1160
pubmed: 27994756
J Biol Chem. 2008 Oct 31;283(44):29904-11
pubmed: 18728003
AIDS. 2001 Jun 15;15(9):1181-3
pubmed: 11416722
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Jul;57(7):3100-9
pubmed: 23612196
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 May 21;110(21):8690-5
pubmed: 23610442
Protein Sci. 2016 Nov;25(11):1911-1917
pubmed: 27503276
ACS Infect Dis. 2019 Nov 8;5(11):1963-1974
pubmed: 31577424
Nat Biotechnol. 2001 May;19(5):446-50
pubmed: 11329014
Science. 1996 Mar 15;271(5255):1582-6
pubmed: 8599114
Science. 1992 Jun 26;256(5065):1783-90
pubmed: 1377403
Nature. 2002 Jul 11;418(6894):144
pubmed: 12110879
Nature. 1995 Mar 9;374(6518):124-6
pubmed: 7877682
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019 Mar 27;63(4):
pubmed: 30670420
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2018 Nov;34(11):936-941
pubmed: 29901415
Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2018 Jun;23(2):149-157
pubmed: 29737220
Antivir Ther. 2009;14(1):103-9
pubmed: 19320243
Chem Soc Rev. 2018 Jun 5;47(11):3816-3830
pubmed: 29620097
J Med Chem. 2015 Jan 22;58(2):651-64
pubmed: 25522204
J Mol Biol. 2009 Jan 23;385(3):693-713
pubmed: 19022262
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017 May 24;61(6):
pubmed: 28396546
Top Curr Chem. 2012;317:181-200
pubmed: 21972022
Eur J Med Chem. 2017 Dec 1;141:149-161
pubmed: 29031062
J Mol Biol. 2005 Jun 17;349(4):673-84
pubmed: 15893326
Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004 Sep;36(9):1706-15
pubmed: 15183339
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012 Oct 01;2(10):
pubmed: 23028129
J Mol Biol. 1998 Dec 11;284(4):1095-111
pubmed: 9837729
Cell. 1985 Jan;40(1):9-17
pubmed: 2981635
Acta Pharm Sin B. 2020 Jun;10(6):961-978
pubmed: 32642405
J Med Chem. 2017 Feb 9;60(3):839-885
pubmed: 27996267
J Virol. 1996 Nov;70(11):8010-8
pubmed: 8892925
J Virol. 2001 May;75(10):4771-9
pubmed: 11312349
Biochemistry. 1998 Nov 10;37(45):15908-17
pubmed: 9843396
Biochemistry. 1988 Dec 13;27(25):8884-9
pubmed: 2466481
Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2019 Oct;15(10):813-829
pubmed: 31556749
J Biol Chem. 1992 Jul 25;267(21):15071-9
pubmed: 1378844
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Nov 10;95(23):13471-6
pubmed: 9811824
BMC Biochem. 2015 May 03;16:12
pubmed: 25934642
Science. 1995 Jan 27;267(5197):483-9
pubmed: 7824947
Trends Microbiol. 1996 Jun;4(6):216-8
pubmed: 8795155
Retrovirology. 2011 Nov 10;8:92
pubmed: 22074589
J Virol. 1994 Apr;68(4):2065-72
pubmed: 7511167
Cell. 1978 Apr;13(4):761-73
pubmed: 657274
Biochemistry. 1991 Jul 2;30(26):6351-6
pubmed: 1711368
Antiviral Res. 2019 Nov;171:104613
pubmed: 31550450
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014 Sep 1;67(1):52-8
pubmed: 24872136
Science. 1988 Nov 25;242(4882):1171-3
pubmed: 2460925
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Jul 1;90(13):6135-9
pubmed: 7687061
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017 Sep 22;61(10):
pubmed: 28760905
HIV Med. 2006 Oct;7(7):442-50
pubmed: 16925730
Sci Rep. 2018 Jan 23;8(1):1404
pubmed: 29362487
Drug Resist Updat. 1999 Apr;2(2):91-95
pubmed: 11504476
J Virol. 2004 Jul;78(14):7545-52
pubmed: 15220429
Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Sep 15;39(6):877-8; author reply 878-9
pubmed: 15472830
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 May 27;105(21):7552-7
pubmed: 18490657
Viruses. 2010 Apr;2(4):900-26
pubmed: 21994660
Nature. 1985 Jan 24-30;313(6000):277-84
pubmed: 2578615
Biochemistry. 1992 May 12;31(18):4473-9
pubmed: 1374638
EMBO J. 1989 Dec 1;8(12):3867-74
pubmed: 2555175
EMBO J. 2002 Dec 2;21(23):6614-24
pubmed: 12456667
Org Lett. 2007 Dec 6;9(25):5243-6
pubmed: 17988141
J Biol Chem. 2003 Jan 31;278(5):2777-80
pubmed: 12480948
Science. 1991 Apr 5;252(5002):88-95
pubmed: 1707186
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Mar;74(3):994-8
pubmed: 66684
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Sep;57(9):4554-4558
pubmed: 23796932
J Virol. 2004 Sep;78(18):9987-97
pubmed: 15331732
Mol Pharm. 2013 Feb 4;10(2):459-66
pubmed: 22738467
J Med Chem. 2016 May 26;59(10):5051-62
pubmed: 27094954
Cell. 2005 Jul 1;121(7):1005-16
pubmed: 15989951
J Virol. 1992 Jan;66(1):367-73
pubmed: 1370087
Chem Biol Drug Des. 2007 May;69(5):298-313
pubmed: 17539822
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Jan;50(1):351-4
pubmed: 16377709
J Med Chem. 2007 May 17;50(10):2301-9
pubmed: 17441703
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2006 Mar;22(3):289-93
pubmed: 16545016
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Aug;87(16):6019-23
pubmed: 2201018
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997 Apr;41(4):757-62
pubmed: 9087484
Retrovirology. 2012 Dec 05;9:99
pubmed: 23217210
Nat Struct Biol. 1995 Apr;2(4):293-302
pubmed: 7540934
J Virol. 2014 Aug;88(15):8514-27
pubmed: 24850729
J Med Chem. 2012 Dec 13;55(23):10601-9
pubmed: 23137340
J Virol. 2010 Oct;84(19):9864-78
pubmed: 20660205
Virology. 2005 Sep 1;339(2):213-25
pubmed: 15996703
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012 Jan 1;59(1):39-46
pubmed: 22067667
Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2014 Nov-Dec;116(2-3):92-100
pubmed: 25117499
Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2010;46(1):5-14
pubmed: 20348614
Antivir Ther. 2002 Dec;7(4):271-81
pubmed: 12553482
Virology. 1998 May 10;244(2):245-51
pubmed: 9601495
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Mar 23;101(12):4204-9
pubmed: 15010526
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016 Mar 25;60(4):2241-7
pubmed: 26833152
J Med Chem. 1987 May;30(5):862-6
pubmed: 3033243
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997 May;41(5):1082-93
pubmed: 9145874
Eur J Pharmacol. 2014 Jun 5;732:86-95
pubmed: 24690257
J Mol Biol. 2004 Feb 20;336(3):569-78
pubmed: 15095972
Biology (Basel). 2012 Oct 19;1(3):521-41
pubmed: 23599900
Annu Rev Microbiol. 1997;51:151-78
pubmed: 9343347
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2020 Apr;61:113-123
pubmed: 31935541
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Feb;54(2):718-27
pubmed: 19933797
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1986 Dec;30(6):933-7
pubmed: 2434024
J Biol Chem. 2010 Dec 3;285(49):38700-9
pubmed: 20876531
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015 Jul;59(7):4190-8
pubmed: 25941222
Pharmacol Rev. 2013 Dec 31;66(1):334-95
pubmed: 24381236
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Mar;48(3):992-1003
pubmed: 14982794
Curr Opin Virol. 2013 Apr;3(2):119-28
pubmed: 23602470
J Biol Chem. 2007 Sep 28;282(39):28709-28720
pubmed: 17635930
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2015 Aug;13(8):484-96
pubmed: 26119571
J Biol Chem. 1998 Sep 18;273(38):24425-32
pubmed: 9733733
Eur J Med Chem. 2018 Aug 5;156:680-691
pubmed: 30031978
J Virol. 1992 May;66(5):2814-20
pubmed: 1560526
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010 Jul;65(7):1477-85
pubmed: 20462946
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015 Jul;59(7):3913-9
pubmed: 25896688
J Infect Dis. 1992 Jan;165(1):105-10
pubmed: 1370174
Virology. 1999 Feb 1;254(1):160-8
pubmed: 9927583
J Biol Chem. 1994 Oct 21;269(42):26472-8
pubmed: 7523408
PLoS Pathog. 2006 Nov;2(11):e119
pubmed: 17096588
J Biol Chem. 2020 May 15;295(20):6785-6797
pubmed: 32284326
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2003 May;19(5):353-61
pubmed: 12803994
J Biol Chem. 2012 Nov 2;287(45):38110-23
pubmed: 22955279
Science. 1989 Dec 1;246(4934):1155-8
pubmed: 2479983
Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 2005;80:217-86
pubmed: 16164976
Chembiochem. 2008 Apr 14;9(6):916-22
pubmed: 18318036
J Exp Med. 1988 Sep 1;168(3):1111-25
pubmed: 2844951
J Med Chem. 2019 May 23;62(10):4851-4883
pubmed: 30516990
Biochem Pharmacol. 1988 Dec 1;37(23):4419-22
pubmed: 2849444
Drugs. 2015 Feb;75(3):243-51
pubmed: 25673022
Lancet. 2015 Jun 27;385(9987):2606-15
pubmed: 25890673
Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2014 Feb 1;24(3):917-22
pubmed: 24412110
J Virol. 2014 Jul;88(13):7589-601
pubmed: 24760888
Acc Chem Res. 2020 Jan 21;53(1):218-230
pubmed: 31880912
J Infect Dis. 2020 Sep 1;222(7):1108-1116
pubmed: 31774913
Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2011 Feb 12;57(1):40-6
pubmed: 21366961
Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2015 Feb;24:18-26
pubmed: 25461720