Predicting in vivo absorption of chloramphenicol in frogs using in vitro percutaneous absorption data.
Chytridiomycosis
Disease
Frog
Skin absorption
Transdermal
Treatment
Journal
BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
Titre abrégé: BMC Vet Res
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101249759
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
28 Jan 2021
28 Jan 2021
Historique:
received:
18
06
2020
accepted:
13
01
2021
entrez:
29
1
2021
pubmed:
30
1
2021
medline:
3
9
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Infectious disease, particularly the fungal disease chytridiomycosis (caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis), is a primary cause of amphibian declines and extinctions worldwide. The transdermal route, although offering a simple option for drug administration in frogs, is complicated by the lack of knowledge regarding percutaneous absorption kinetics. This study builds on our previous studies in frogs, to formulate and predict the percutaneous absorption of a drug for the treatment of infectious disease in frogs. Chloramphenicol, a drug with reported efficacy in the treatment of infectious disease including Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, was formulated with 20% v/v propylene glycol and applied to the ventral pelvis of Rhinella marina for up to 6 h. Serum samples were taken during and up to 18 h following exposure, quantified for chloramphenicol content, and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using non-compartmental analysis. Serum levels of chloramphenicol reached the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC; 12.5 μg.mL The model, based on in vitro data and adjusted for formulation components and in vivo data, was effective in predicting chloramphenicol flux to ensure the MIC for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis was reached, with serum levels being well above the MICs for other common bacterial pathogens in frogs. Chloramphenicol's extended elimination means that a 6-h bath may be adequate to maintain serum levels for up to 24 h. We suggest trialling a reduction of the currently-recommended continuous (23 h/day for 21-35 days) chloramphenicol bathing for chytrid infection with this formulation.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Infectious disease, particularly the fungal disease chytridiomycosis (caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis), is a primary cause of amphibian declines and extinctions worldwide. The transdermal route, although offering a simple option for drug administration in frogs, is complicated by the lack of knowledge regarding percutaneous absorption kinetics. This study builds on our previous studies in frogs, to formulate and predict the percutaneous absorption of a drug for the treatment of infectious disease in frogs. Chloramphenicol, a drug with reported efficacy in the treatment of infectious disease including Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, was formulated with 20% v/v propylene glycol and applied to the ventral pelvis of Rhinella marina for up to 6 h. Serum samples were taken during and up to 18 h following exposure, quantified for chloramphenicol content, and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using non-compartmental analysis.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Serum levels of chloramphenicol reached the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC; 12.5 μg.mL
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
The model, based on in vitro data and adjusted for formulation components and in vivo data, was effective in predicting chloramphenicol flux to ensure the MIC for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis was reached, with serum levels being well above the MICs for other common bacterial pathogens in frogs. Chloramphenicol's extended elimination means that a 6-h bath may be adequate to maintain serum levels for up to 24 h. We suggest trialling a reduction of the currently-recommended continuous (23 h/day for 21-35 days) chloramphenicol bathing for chytrid infection with this formulation.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33509166
doi: 10.1186/s12917-021-02765-5
pii: 10.1186/s12917-021-02765-5
pmc: PMC7842057
doi:
Substances chimiques
Anti-Bacterial Agents
0
Chloramphenicol
66974FR9Q1
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
57Commentaires et corrections
Type : ErratumIn
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