Electronic Tuning of Monolayer Graphene with Polymeric "Zwitterists".

Work function engineering of two-dimensional (2D) materials by application of polymer coatings represents a research thrust that promises to enhance the performance of electronic devices. While polymer zwitterions have been demonstrated to significantly modify the work function of both metal electrodes and 2D materials due to their dipole-rich structure, the impact of zwitterion chemical structure on work function modulation is not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we synthesized a series of sulfobetaine-based zwitterionic random copolymers with variable substituents and used them in lithographic patterning for the preparation of negative-tone resists (