Virological Characterization of the First 2 COVID-19 Patients Diagnosed in Italy: Phylogenetic Analysis, Virus Shedding Profile From Different Body Sites, and Antibody Response Kinetics.
COVID-19
Italy
SARS-CoV-2
antibody response
phylogenesis
viral culture
virus shedding
Journal
Open forum infectious diseases
ISSN: 2328-8957
Titre abrégé: Open Forum Infect Dis
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101637045
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Oct 2020
Oct 2020
Historique:
received:
27
04
2020
accepted:
28
08
2020
entrez:
2
2
2021
pubmed:
3
2
2021
medline:
3
2
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remains unclear. We report the detection of viral RNA from different anatomical districts and the antibody profile in the first 2 COVID-19 cases diagnosed in Italy. We tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA clinical samples, either respiratory and nonrespiratory (ie, saliva, serum, urine, vomit, rectal, ocular, cutaneous, and cervico-vaginal swabs), longitudinally collected from both patients throughout the hospitalization. Serological analysis was carried out on serial serum samples to evaluate IgM, IgA, IgG, and neutralizing antibody levels. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected since the early phase of illness, lasting over 2 weeks in both upper and lower respiratory tract samples. Virus isolate was obtained from acute respiratory samples, while no infectious virus was rescued from late respiratory samples with low viral RNA load, collected when serum antibodies had been developed. Several other specimens came back positive, including saliva, vomit, rectal, cutaneous, cervico-vaginal, and ocular swabs. IgM, IgA, and IgG were detected within the first week of diagnosis, with IgG appearing earlier and at higher titers. Neutralizing antibodies developed during the second week, reaching high titers 32 days after diagnosis. Our longitudinal analysis showed that SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected in different body samples, which may be associated with broad tropism and different spectra of clinical manifestations and modes of transmission. Profiling antibody response and neutralizing activity can assist in laboratory diagnosis and surveillance actions.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
The pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remains unclear. We report the detection of viral RNA from different anatomical districts and the antibody profile in the first 2 COVID-19 cases diagnosed in Italy.
METHODS
METHODS
We tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA clinical samples, either respiratory and nonrespiratory (ie, saliva, serum, urine, vomit, rectal, ocular, cutaneous, and cervico-vaginal swabs), longitudinally collected from both patients throughout the hospitalization. Serological analysis was carried out on serial serum samples to evaluate IgM, IgA, IgG, and neutralizing antibody levels.
RESULTS
RESULTS
SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected since the early phase of illness, lasting over 2 weeks in both upper and lower respiratory tract samples. Virus isolate was obtained from acute respiratory samples, while no infectious virus was rescued from late respiratory samples with low viral RNA load, collected when serum antibodies had been developed. Several other specimens came back positive, including saliva, vomit, rectal, cutaneous, cervico-vaginal, and ocular swabs. IgM, IgA, and IgG were detected within the first week of diagnosis, with IgG appearing earlier and at higher titers. Neutralizing antibodies developed during the second week, reaching high titers 32 days after diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Our longitudinal analysis showed that SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected in different body samples, which may be associated with broad tropism and different spectra of clinical manifestations and modes of transmission. Profiling antibody response and neutralizing activity can assist in laboratory diagnosis and surveillance actions.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33527081
doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa403
pii: ofaa403
pmc: PMC7499768
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
ofaa403Investigateurs
Isabella Abbate
(I)
Chiara Agrati
(C)
Loredana Aleo
(L)
Tonino Alonzi
(T)
Alessandra Amendola
(A)
Claudia Apollonio
(C)
Nicolina Arduini
(N)
Barbara Bartolini
(B)
Giulia Berno
(G)
Silvia Biancone
(S)
Mirella Biava
(M)
Angela Bibbò
(A)
Licia Bordi
(L)
Carla Brega
(C)
Marco Canali
(M)
Angela Cannas
(A)
Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
(MR)
Fabrizio Carletti
(F)
Stefania Carrara
(S)
Rita Casetti
(R)
Concetta Castilletti
(C)
Roberta Chiappini
(R)
Lucia Ciafrone
(L)
Eleonora Cimini
(E)
Sabrina Coen
(S)
Francesca Colavita
(F)
Rossella Condello
(R)
Antonio Coppola
(A)
Silvia D'Arezzo
(S)
Antonino Di Caro
(A)
Stefania Di Filippo
(S)
Chiara Di Giuli
(C)
Lavinia Fabeni
(L)
Luisa Felici
(L)
Valeria Ferraioli
(V)
Federica Forbici
(F)
Anna Rosa Garbuglia
(AR)
Emanuela Giombini
(E)
Caterina Gori
(C)
Silvia Graziano
(S)
Cesare Ernesto Maria Gruber
(CEM)
Daniele Khouri
(D)
Eleonora Lalle
(E)
Daniele Lapa
(D)
Barbara Leone
(B)
Patrizia Marsella
(P)
Chiara Massimino
(C)
Giulia Matusali
(G)
Antonio Mazzarelli
(A)
Silvia Meschi
(S)
Francesco Messina
(F)
Claudia Minosse
(C)
Claudia Montaldo
(C)
Stefania Neri
(S)
Carla Nisii
(C)
Elisabetta Petrivelli
(E)
Fabrizio Petroni
(F)
Elisa Petruccioli
(E)
Marina Pisciotta
(M)
Daniele Pizzi
(D)
Gianluca Prota
(G)
Fabrizio Raparelli
(F)
Gabriella Rozera
(G)
Martina Rueca
(M)
Rossella Sabatini
(R)
Silvia Sarti
(S)
Giuseppe Sberna
(G)
Roberta Sciamanna
(R)
Marina Selleri
(M)
Carla Selvaggi
(C)
Catia Sias
(C)
Chiara Stellitano
(C)
Antonietta Toffoletti
(A)
Silvia Truffa
(S)
Federica Turchi
(F)
Maria Beatrice Valli
(MB)
Carolina Venditti
(C)
Tiziana Vescovo
(T)
Donatella Vincenti
(D)
Antonella Vulcano
(A)
Emma Zambelli
(E)
Maria Alessandra Abbonizio
(MA)
Chiara Agrati
(C)
Fabrizio Albarello
(F)
Gioia Amadei
(G)
Alessandra Amendola
(A)
Mario Antonini
(M)
Raffaella Barbaro
(R)
Barbara Bartolini
(B)
Martina Benigni
(M)
Nazario Bevilacqua
(N)
Licia Bordi
(L)
Veronica Bordoni
(V)
Marta Branca
(M)
Paolo Campioni
(P)
Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
(MR)
Cinzia Caporale
(C)
Ilaria Caravella
(I)
Fabrizio Carletti
(F)
Concetta Castilletti
(C)
Roberta Chiappini
(R)
Carmine Ciaralli
(C)
Francesca Colavita
(F)
Angela Corpolongo
(A)
Massimo Cristofaro
(M)
Salvatore Curiale
(S)
Alessandra D'Abramo
(A)
Cristina Dantimi
(C)
Alessia De Angelis
(A)
Giada De Angelis
(G)
Rachele Di Lorenzo
(R)
Federica Di Stefano
(F)
Federica Ferraro
(F)
Lorena Fiorentini
(L)
Andrea Frustaci
(A)
Paola Gallì
(P)
Gabriele Garotto
(G)
Maria Letizia Giancola
(ML)
Filippo Giansante
(F)
Emanuela Giombini
(E)
Maria Cristina Greci
(MC)
Giuseppe Ippolito
(G)
Eleonora Lalle
(E)
Simone Lanini
(S)
Daniele Lapa
(D)
Luciana Lepore
(L)
Andrea Lucia
(A)
Franco Lufrani
(F)
Manuela Macchione
(M)
Alessandra Marani
(A)
Luisa Marchioni
(L)
Andrea Mariano
(A)
Maria Cristina Marini
(MC)
Micaela Maritti
(M)
Giulia Matusali
(G)
Silvia Meschi
(S)
Francesco Messina
(F)
Chiara Montaldo
(C)
Silvia Murachelli
(S)
Emanuele Nicastri
(E)
Roberto Noto
(R)
Claudia Palazzolo
(C)
Emanuele Pallini
(E)
Virgilio Passeri
(V)
Federico Pelliccioni
(F)
Antonella Petrecchia
(A)
Ada Petrone
(A)
Nicola Petrosillo
(N)
Elisa Pianura
(E)
Maria Pisciotta
(M)
Silvia Pittalis
(S)
Costanza Proietti
(C)
Vincenzo Puro
(V)
Gabriele Rinonapoli
(G)
Martina Rueca
(M)
Alessandra Sacchi
(A)
Francesco Sanasi
(F)
Carmen Santagata
(C)
Silvana Scarcia
(S)
Vincenzo Schininà
(V)
Paola Scognamiglio
(P)
Laura Scorzolini
(L)
Giulia Stazi
(G)
Francesco Vaia
(F)
Francesco Vairo
(F)
Maria Beatrice Valli
(MB)
Informations de copyright
© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.
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