Growth properties and immunogenicity of a virus generated by reverse genetics for an inactivated equine influenza vaccine.
equine influenza
horse
inactivated vaccine
reverse genetics
Journal
Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
Titre abrégé: Equine Vet J
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0173320
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jan 2022
Jan 2022
Historique:
revised:
09
01
2021
received:
27
11
2020
accepted:
22
01
2021
pubmed:
3
2
2021
medline:
15
12
2021
entrez:
2
2
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Keeping vaccine strains up to date is the key to controlling equine influenza (EI). Viruses generated by reverse genetics (RG) are likely to be effective for quickly updating a vaccine strain. To evaluate the growth properties of an RG virus in embryonated chicken eggs, and to evaluate antibody responses to a formalin-inactivated vaccine derived from the RG virus in Thoroughbred horses. In vitro and in vivo experiments. Wild-type (WT) viruses (A/equine/Ibaraki/1/2007) or RG viruses (consisting of haemagglutinin [HA] and neuraminidase genes derived from A/equine/Ibaraki/1/2007 and the six other genes derived from high-growth A/Puerto Rico/8/34) were inoculated into embryonated chicken eggs, and the allantoic fluids were harvested at every 24 hours after inoculation. WT and RG viruses were inactivated by formalin for vaccine use. Ten unvaccinated yearlings (five each for WT or RG vaccine) received the first two doses of a primary vaccination course 4 weeks apart followed by their third dose 12 weeks later. Twenty vaccinated adult horses (10 each for WT or RG vaccine) received a single dose of a booster vaccination. The RG virus had high growth properties in embryonated chicken eggs. Unvaccinated yearlings responded poorly to the first vaccination, especially those that received the RG vaccine, but mounted better responses to the second and the third vaccinations, and maintained relatively high haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titres up to 28 weeks after the first vaccination. Vaccinated adult horses did not respond remarkably to the booster vaccination, but no horses showed titres below their pre-booster values even at 12 weeks after vaccination. The RG virus elicited immunogenicity in horses adequate for vaccine use. No virus challenge study was performed. The RG viruses are useful as an EI vaccine strain, and quick updates of an EI vaccine strain can be achieved by using RG techniques.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Keeping vaccine strains up to date is the key to controlling equine influenza (EI). Viruses generated by reverse genetics (RG) are likely to be effective for quickly updating a vaccine strain.
OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the growth properties of an RG virus in embryonated chicken eggs, and to evaluate antibody responses to a formalin-inactivated vaccine derived from the RG virus in Thoroughbred horses.
STUDY DESIGN
METHODS
In vitro and in vivo experiments.
METHODS
METHODS
Wild-type (WT) viruses (A/equine/Ibaraki/1/2007) or RG viruses (consisting of haemagglutinin [HA] and neuraminidase genes derived from A/equine/Ibaraki/1/2007 and the six other genes derived from high-growth A/Puerto Rico/8/34) were inoculated into embryonated chicken eggs, and the allantoic fluids were harvested at every 24 hours after inoculation. WT and RG viruses were inactivated by formalin for vaccine use. Ten unvaccinated yearlings (five each for WT or RG vaccine) received the first two doses of a primary vaccination course 4 weeks apart followed by their third dose 12 weeks later. Twenty vaccinated adult horses (10 each for WT or RG vaccine) received a single dose of a booster vaccination.
RESULTS
RESULTS
The RG virus had high growth properties in embryonated chicken eggs. Unvaccinated yearlings responded poorly to the first vaccination, especially those that received the RG vaccine, but mounted better responses to the second and the third vaccinations, and maintained relatively high haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titres up to 28 weeks after the first vaccination. Vaccinated adult horses did not respond remarkably to the booster vaccination, but no horses showed titres below their pre-booster values even at 12 weeks after vaccination. The RG virus elicited immunogenicity in horses adequate for vaccine use.
MAIN LIMITATIONS
CONCLUSIONS
No virus challenge study was performed.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
The RG viruses are useful as an EI vaccine strain, and quick updates of an EI vaccine strain can be achieved by using RG techniques.
Substances chimiques
Antibodies, Viral
0
Influenza Vaccines
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
139-144Subventions
Organisme : the Japan Initiative for Global Research Network on Infectious Diseases (J-GRID)
ID : JP19fm0108006
Organisme : the Japan Racing Association
Organisme : the Japan Program for Infectious Diseases Research and Infrastructure of the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
ID : JP20wm0125002
Informations de copyright
© 2021 EVJ Ltd.
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