Snake bite associated with acute kidney injury.
Acute kidney injury
Acute renal failure
Poisoning
Snake envenomation
Toxicology
Tropical
Journal
Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
ISSN: 1432-198X
Titre abrégé: Pediatr Nephrol
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 8708728
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
12 2021
12 2021
Historique:
received:
31
10
2020
accepted:
23
12
2020
revised:
30
11
2020
pubmed:
10
2
2021
medline:
5
2
2022
entrez:
9
2
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a well-known life-threatening systemic effect of snake envenomation which commonly happens secondary to snake bites from families of Viperidae and Elapidae. Enzymatic toxins in snake venom result in injuries to all kidney cell types including glomerular, tubulo-interstitial and kidney vasculature. Pathogenesis of kidney injury due to snake envenomation includes ischaemia secondary to decreased kidney blood flow caused by systemic bleeding and vascular leakage, proteolytic degradation of the glomerular basement membrane by snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs), deposition of microthrombi in the kidney microvasculature (thrombotic microangiopathy), direct cytotoxic action of venom, systemic myotoxicity (rhabdomyolysis) and accumulation of large amounts of myoglobin in kidney tubules. Clinical features of AKI include fatigue, loss of appetite, headache, nausea, vomiting, oliguria and anuria. Monitoring of blood pressure, fluid balance, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and serum electrolytes is useful in managing AKI induced by snake envenomation. Early initiation of anti-snake venom and early diagnosis of AKI are always desirable. Biomarkers which will help in early prediction of AKI are being explored, and current studies suggest that urinary clusterin, urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and serum cystatin C may play an important clinical role in the future. Apart from fluid and electrolyte management, kidney support including early and prompt initiation of kidney replacement therapy when indicated forms the bedrock in managing snake bite-associated AKI. Long-term follow-up is important because of chances of progression towards CKD.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33559706
doi: 10.1007/s00467-020-04911-x
pii: 10.1007/s00467-020-04911-x
doi:
Substances chimiques
Biomarkers
0
Electrolytes
0
Creatinine
AYI8EX34EU
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
3829-3840Informations de copyright
© 2021. IPNA.
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