Evaluation of Allergic Reactions Following Intravenous Infusion of Polyvalent Antivenom in Snakebite Patients.
Snakebites
allergic reaction
antivenom
life-threatening.
mortality
venomous
Journal
Anti-inflammatory & anti-allergy agents in medicinal chemistry
ISSN: 1875-614X
Titre abrégé: Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem
Pays: United Arab Emirates
ID NLM: 101462262
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2021
2021
Historique:
received:
26
10
2020
revised:
22
12
2020
accepted:
28
12
2020
pubmed:
11
2
2021
medline:
18
1
2022
entrez:
10
2
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Antivenom is a gold-standard treatment for snakebite envenoming. However, adverse reactions to snake antivenom are common in many parts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the allergic reactions following intravenous administration of antivenom sera. This was retrospective study conducted on snakebites patients referred to the Rahimi Hospital in Khorramabad. The files of these patients were accessed for demographic data, snakebite-related data, treatment provided, clinical presentation and allergic reaction status as a result of antivenom treatment. 141 cases were investigated, including 73.8% male and 26.2% female patients. The mean age of the patients was 38.1±17.1 years. Age group 30-39 years accounted for the highest number of snakebite cases (24.1%). A majority of victims (89.4%) were from rural areas. Most of the patients (51.8%) were bitten in the spring and highest number of snakebite were reported in May (39.1%). The most common site of snakebite was lower extremities (50.4%) and upper extremities (44.7%). Among clinical feature of snakebite, pain was the most prevalent in 135 cases (95.7%) followed by swelling (83.7%). The mean antivenom vials used were 6.5±3.7 vials. Allergic reactions occurred in 6 patients (4.26%); reactions were mild in 5 patients and severe in 1 patient. The commonest presentation was maculopapular rash (1.4%) and the least common were headache (0.71%), nausea (0.71%), fever (0.71) and hypotension (0.71%). Snakebite is one of the significant life-threatening environmental events. Immediate antivenom treatment can reduce mortality however, patients should be carefully monitored for adverse allergic reactions.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Antivenom is a gold-standard treatment for snakebite envenoming. However, adverse reactions to snake antivenom are common in many parts.
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the allergic reactions following intravenous administration of antivenom sera.
METHODS
METHODS
This was retrospective study conducted on snakebites patients referred to the Rahimi Hospital in Khorramabad. The files of these patients were accessed for demographic data, snakebite-related data, treatment provided, clinical presentation and allergic reaction status as a result of antivenom treatment.
RESULTS
RESULTS
141 cases were investigated, including 73.8% male and 26.2% female patients. The mean age of the patients was 38.1±17.1 years. Age group 30-39 years accounted for the highest number of snakebite cases (24.1%). A majority of victims (89.4%) were from rural areas. Most of the patients (51.8%) were bitten in the spring and highest number of snakebite were reported in May (39.1%). The most common site of snakebite was lower extremities (50.4%) and upper extremities (44.7%). Among clinical feature of snakebite, pain was the most prevalent in 135 cases (95.7%) followed by swelling (83.7%). The mean antivenom vials used were 6.5±3.7 vials. Allergic reactions occurred in 6 patients (4.26%); reactions were mild in 5 patients and severe in 1 patient. The commonest presentation was maculopapular rash (1.4%) and the least common were headache (0.71%), nausea (0.71%), fever (0.71) and hypotension (0.71%).
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
Snakebite is one of the significant life-threatening environmental events. Immediate antivenom treatment can reduce mortality however, patients should be carefully monitored for adverse allergic reactions.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33563188
pii: AIAAMC-EPUB-113974
doi: 10.2174/1871523020666210204143756
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antivenins
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
367-372Informations de copyright
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