Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a French Cohort of Myasthenia Gravis.

Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over COVID-19 / therapy France History, 21st Century Humans Male Middle Aged Myasthenia Gravis / virology Retrospective Studies Risk Factors SARS-CoV-2 / pathogenicity

Journal

Neurology
ISSN: 1526-632X
Titre abrégé: Neurology
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0401060

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
20 04 2021
Historique:
received: 24 08 2020
accepted: 22 01 2021
pubmed: 12 2 2021
medline: 20 5 2021
entrez: 11 2 2021
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and identify factors associated with COVID-19 severity in patients with MG. The CO-MY-COVID registry was a multicenter, retrospective, observational cohort study conducted in neuromuscular referral centers and general hospitals of the FILNEMUS (Filière Neuromusculaire) network (between March 1, 2020, and June 8, 2020), including patients with MG with a confirmed or highly suspected diagnosis of COVID-19. COVID-19 was diagnosed based on a PCR test from a nasopharyngeal swab or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serology, thoracic CT scan, or typical symptoms. The main outcome was COVID-19 severity based on location of treatment/management (home, hospitalized in a medical unit, or in an intensive care unit). We collected information on demographic variables, general history, and risk factors for severe COVID-19. Multivariate ordinal regression models were used to identify factors associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes. Among 3,558 patients with MG registered in the French database for rare disorders, 34 (0.96%) had COVID-19. The mean age at COVID-19 onset was 55.0 ± 19.9 years (mean MG duration: 8.5 ± 8.5 years). By the end of the study period, 28 patients recovered from COVID-19, 1 remained affected, and 5 died. Only high Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) class (≥IV) before COVID-19 was associated with severe COVID-19 ( This registry-based cohort study shows that COVID-19 had a limited effect on most patients, and immunosuppressive medications and corticosteroids used for MG management are not risk factors for poorer outcomes. However, the risk of severe COVID-19 is elevated in patients with high MGFA classes (odds ratio, 102.6 [4.4-2,371.9]). These results are important for establishing evidence-based guidelines for the management of patients with MG during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011669 PMID: 33568541
pubmed: 33568541
pii: WNL.0000000000011669
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011669
doi:

Types de publication

Historical Article Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

e2109-e2120

Informations de copyright

© 2021 American Academy of Neurology.

Auteurs

Guilhem Solé (G)

From the Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC (G.S., S.M., G.L.M., A.S., F.D., L.C., M.-H.V.) and ALS Center (S.M., G.L.M., A.S., L.C.), Nerve-Muscle Unit, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux; Department of Intensive Care (D.F., D.A., B.C.), Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS (E.S.-C., S.A.) and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuropediatric Unit (F.A.), Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille; Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.T.), University Hospitals of Lille; ENMG Unit, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (F.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon (Neurologic Hospital Pierre Wertheimer); Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.M.), University Hospitals of Nantes; Inserm, UMR1219 (T.S., A.F.-S.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, ISPED, University of Bordeaux; Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, French Reference Centre for MSA (T.S., A.F.-S.), University Hospitals of Bordeaux; AFM-Téléthon (S.S.-K.), Evry; Department of Neurology (L.K.), General Hospital of Le Mans; Department of Neurology (J.-C.A.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department (G.B.), University Hospital of Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Neurology Department (L.K., J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," University Hospitals of Strasbourg; APHP (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) (T.S.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," Sorbonne University, Paris; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (P.C.), University Hospitals of Toulouse (Purpan Hospital); and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (M.S.), University Hospital of Angers, France. guilhem.sole@chu-bordeaux.fr.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9599-6573

Stéphane Mathis (S)

From the Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC (G.S., S.M., G.L.M., A.S., F.D., L.C., M.-H.V.) and ALS Center (S.M., G.L.M., A.S., L.C.), Nerve-Muscle Unit, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux; Department of Intensive Care (D.F., D.A., B.C.), Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS (E.S.-C., S.A.) and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuropediatric Unit (F.A.), Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille; Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.T.), University Hospitals of Lille; ENMG Unit, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (F.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon (Neurologic Hospital Pierre Wertheimer); Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.M.), University Hospitals of Nantes; Inserm, UMR1219 (T.S., A.F.-S.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, ISPED, University of Bordeaux; Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, French Reference Centre for MSA (T.S., A.F.-S.), University Hospitals of Bordeaux; AFM-Téléthon (S.S.-K.), Evry; Department of Neurology (L.K.), General Hospital of Le Mans; Department of Neurology (J.-C.A.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department (G.B.), University Hospital of Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Neurology Department (L.K., J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," University Hospitals of Strasbourg; APHP (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) (T.S.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," Sorbonne University, Paris; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (P.C.), University Hospitals of Toulouse (Purpan Hospital); and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (M.S.), University Hospital of Angers, France.

Diane Friedman (D)

From the Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC (G.S., S.M., G.L.M., A.S., F.D., L.C., M.-H.V.) and ALS Center (S.M., G.L.M., A.S., L.C.), Nerve-Muscle Unit, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux; Department of Intensive Care (D.F., D.A., B.C.), Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS (E.S.-C., S.A.) and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuropediatric Unit (F.A.), Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille; Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.T.), University Hospitals of Lille; ENMG Unit, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (F.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon (Neurologic Hospital Pierre Wertheimer); Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.M.), University Hospitals of Nantes; Inserm, UMR1219 (T.S., A.F.-S.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, ISPED, University of Bordeaux; Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, French Reference Centre for MSA (T.S., A.F.-S.), University Hospitals of Bordeaux; AFM-Téléthon (S.S.-K.), Evry; Department of Neurology (L.K.), General Hospital of Le Mans; Department of Neurology (J.-C.A.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department (G.B.), University Hospital of Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Neurology Department (L.K., J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," University Hospitals of Strasbourg; APHP (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) (T.S.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," Sorbonne University, Paris; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (P.C.), University Hospitals of Toulouse (Purpan Hospital); and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (M.S.), University Hospital of Angers, France.

Emmanuelle Salort-Campana (E)

From the Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC (G.S., S.M., G.L.M., A.S., F.D., L.C., M.-H.V.) and ALS Center (S.M., G.L.M., A.S., L.C.), Nerve-Muscle Unit, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux; Department of Intensive Care (D.F., D.A., B.C.), Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS (E.S.-C., S.A.) and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuropediatric Unit (F.A.), Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille; Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.T.), University Hospitals of Lille; ENMG Unit, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (F.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon (Neurologic Hospital Pierre Wertheimer); Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.M.), University Hospitals of Nantes; Inserm, UMR1219 (T.S., A.F.-S.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, ISPED, University of Bordeaux; Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, French Reference Centre for MSA (T.S., A.F.-S.), University Hospitals of Bordeaux; AFM-Téléthon (S.S.-K.), Evry; Department of Neurology (L.K.), General Hospital of Le Mans; Department of Neurology (J.-C.A.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department (G.B.), University Hospital of Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Neurology Department (L.K., J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," University Hospitals of Strasbourg; APHP (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) (T.S.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," Sorbonne University, Paris; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (P.C.), University Hospitals of Toulouse (Purpan Hospital); and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (M.S.), University Hospital of Angers, France.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1846-3017

Céline Tard (C)

From the Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC (G.S., S.M., G.L.M., A.S., F.D., L.C., M.-H.V.) and ALS Center (S.M., G.L.M., A.S., L.C.), Nerve-Muscle Unit, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux; Department of Intensive Care (D.F., D.A., B.C.), Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS (E.S.-C., S.A.) and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuropediatric Unit (F.A.), Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille; Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.T.), University Hospitals of Lille; ENMG Unit, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (F.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon (Neurologic Hospital Pierre Wertheimer); Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.M.), University Hospitals of Nantes; Inserm, UMR1219 (T.S., A.F.-S.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, ISPED, University of Bordeaux; Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, French Reference Centre for MSA (T.S., A.F.-S.), University Hospitals of Bordeaux; AFM-Téléthon (S.S.-K.), Evry; Department of Neurology (L.K.), General Hospital of Le Mans; Department of Neurology (J.-C.A.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department (G.B.), University Hospital of Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Neurology Department (L.K., J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," University Hospitals of Strasbourg; APHP (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) (T.S.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," Sorbonne University, Paris; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (P.C.), University Hospitals of Toulouse (Purpan Hospital); and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (M.S.), University Hospital of Angers, France.

Françoise Bouhour (F)

From the Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC (G.S., S.M., G.L.M., A.S., F.D., L.C., M.-H.V.) and ALS Center (S.M., G.L.M., A.S., L.C.), Nerve-Muscle Unit, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux; Department of Intensive Care (D.F., D.A., B.C.), Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS (E.S.-C., S.A.) and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuropediatric Unit (F.A.), Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille; Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.T.), University Hospitals of Lille; ENMG Unit, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (F.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon (Neurologic Hospital Pierre Wertheimer); Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.M.), University Hospitals of Nantes; Inserm, UMR1219 (T.S., A.F.-S.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, ISPED, University of Bordeaux; Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, French Reference Centre for MSA (T.S., A.F.-S.), University Hospitals of Bordeaux; AFM-Téléthon (S.S.-K.), Evry; Department of Neurology (L.K.), General Hospital of Le Mans; Department of Neurology (J.-C.A.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department (G.B.), University Hospital of Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Neurology Department (L.K., J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," University Hospitals of Strasbourg; APHP (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) (T.S.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," Sorbonne University, Paris; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (P.C.), University Hospitals of Toulouse (Purpan Hospital); and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (M.S.), University Hospital of Angers, France.

Armelle Magot (A)

From the Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC (G.S., S.M., G.L.M., A.S., F.D., L.C., M.-H.V.) and ALS Center (S.M., G.L.M., A.S., L.C.), Nerve-Muscle Unit, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux; Department of Intensive Care (D.F., D.A., B.C.), Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS (E.S.-C., S.A.) and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuropediatric Unit (F.A.), Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille; Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.T.), University Hospitals of Lille; ENMG Unit, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (F.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon (Neurologic Hospital Pierre Wertheimer); Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.M.), University Hospitals of Nantes; Inserm, UMR1219 (T.S., A.F.-S.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, ISPED, University of Bordeaux; Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, French Reference Centre for MSA (T.S., A.F.-S.), University Hospitals of Bordeaux; AFM-Téléthon (S.S.-K.), Evry; Department of Neurology (L.K.), General Hospital of Le Mans; Department of Neurology (J.-C.A.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department (G.B.), University Hospital of Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Neurology Department (L.K., J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," University Hospitals of Strasbourg; APHP (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) (T.S.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," Sorbonne University, Paris; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (P.C.), University Hospitals of Toulouse (Purpan Hospital); and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (M.S.), University Hospital of Angers, France.

Djillali Annane (D)

From the Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC (G.S., S.M., G.L.M., A.S., F.D., L.C., M.-H.V.) and ALS Center (S.M., G.L.M., A.S., L.C.), Nerve-Muscle Unit, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux; Department of Intensive Care (D.F., D.A., B.C.), Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS (E.S.-C., S.A.) and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuropediatric Unit (F.A.), Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille; Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.T.), University Hospitals of Lille; ENMG Unit, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (F.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon (Neurologic Hospital Pierre Wertheimer); Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.M.), University Hospitals of Nantes; Inserm, UMR1219 (T.S., A.F.-S.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, ISPED, University of Bordeaux; Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, French Reference Centre for MSA (T.S., A.F.-S.), University Hospitals of Bordeaux; AFM-Téléthon (S.S.-K.), Evry; Department of Neurology (L.K.), General Hospital of Le Mans; Department of Neurology (J.-C.A.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department (G.B.), University Hospital of Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Neurology Department (L.K., J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," University Hospitals of Strasbourg; APHP (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) (T.S.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," Sorbonne University, Paris; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (P.C.), University Hospitals of Toulouse (Purpan Hospital); and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (M.S.), University Hospital of Angers, France.

Bernard Clair (B)

From the Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC (G.S., S.M., G.L.M., A.S., F.D., L.C., M.-H.V.) and ALS Center (S.M., G.L.M., A.S., L.C.), Nerve-Muscle Unit, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux; Department of Intensive Care (D.F., D.A., B.C.), Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS (E.S.-C., S.A.) and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuropediatric Unit (F.A.), Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille; Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.T.), University Hospitals of Lille; ENMG Unit, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (F.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon (Neurologic Hospital Pierre Wertheimer); Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.M.), University Hospitals of Nantes; Inserm, UMR1219 (T.S., A.F.-S.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, ISPED, University of Bordeaux; Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, French Reference Centre for MSA (T.S., A.F.-S.), University Hospitals of Bordeaux; AFM-Téléthon (S.S.-K.), Evry; Department of Neurology (L.K.), General Hospital of Le Mans; Department of Neurology (J.-C.A.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department (G.B.), University Hospital of Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Neurology Department (L.K., J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," University Hospitals of Strasbourg; APHP (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) (T.S.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," Sorbonne University, Paris; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (P.C.), University Hospitals of Toulouse (Purpan Hospital); and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (M.S.), University Hospital of Angers, France.

Gwendal Le Masson (G)

From the Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC (G.S., S.M., G.L.M., A.S., F.D., L.C., M.-H.V.) and ALS Center (S.M., G.L.M., A.S., L.C.), Nerve-Muscle Unit, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux; Department of Intensive Care (D.F., D.A., B.C.), Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS (E.S.-C., S.A.) and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuropediatric Unit (F.A.), Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille; Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.T.), University Hospitals of Lille; ENMG Unit, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (F.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon (Neurologic Hospital Pierre Wertheimer); Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.M.), University Hospitals of Nantes; Inserm, UMR1219 (T.S., A.F.-S.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, ISPED, University of Bordeaux; Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, French Reference Centre for MSA (T.S., A.F.-S.), University Hospitals of Bordeaux; AFM-Téléthon (S.S.-K.), Evry; Department of Neurology (L.K.), General Hospital of Le Mans; Department of Neurology (J.-C.A.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department (G.B.), University Hospital of Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Neurology Department (L.K., J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," University Hospitals of Strasbourg; APHP (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) (T.S.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," Sorbonne University, Paris; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (P.C.), University Hospitals of Toulouse (Purpan Hospital); and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (M.S.), University Hospital of Angers, France.

Antoine Soulages (A)

From the Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC (G.S., S.M., G.L.M., A.S., F.D., L.C., M.-H.V.) and ALS Center (S.M., G.L.M., A.S., L.C.), Nerve-Muscle Unit, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux; Department of Intensive Care (D.F., D.A., B.C.), Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS (E.S.-C., S.A.) and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuropediatric Unit (F.A.), Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille; Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.T.), University Hospitals of Lille; ENMG Unit, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (F.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon (Neurologic Hospital Pierre Wertheimer); Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.M.), University Hospitals of Nantes; Inserm, UMR1219 (T.S., A.F.-S.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, ISPED, University of Bordeaux; Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, French Reference Centre for MSA (T.S., A.F.-S.), University Hospitals of Bordeaux; AFM-Téléthon (S.S.-K.), Evry; Department of Neurology (L.K.), General Hospital of Le Mans; Department of Neurology (J.-C.A.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department (G.B.), University Hospital of Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Neurology Department (L.K., J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," University Hospitals of Strasbourg; APHP (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) (T.S.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," Sorbonne University, Paris; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (P.C.), University Hospitals of Toulouse (Purpan Hospital); and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (M.S.), University Hospital of Angers, France.

Fanny Duval (F)

From the Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC (G.S., S.M., G.L.M., A.S., F.D., L.C., M.-H.V.) and ALS Center (S.M., G.L.M., A.S., L.C.), Nerve-Muscle Unit, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux; Department of Intensive Care (D.F., D.A., B.C.), Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS (E.S.-C., S.A.) and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuropediatric Unit (F.A.), Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille; Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.T.), University Hospitals of Lille; ENMG Unit, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (F.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon (Neurologic Hospital Pierre Wertheimer); Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.M.), University Hospitals of Nantes; Inserm, UMR1219 (T.S., A.F.-S.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, ISPED, University of Bordeaux; Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, French Reference Centre for MSA (T.S., A.F.-S.), University Hospitals of Bordeaux; AFM-Téléthon (S.S.-K.), Evry; Department of Neurology (L.K.), General Hospital of Le Mans; Department of Neurology (J.-C.A.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department (G.B.), University Hospital of Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Neurology Department (L.K., J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," University Hospitals of Strasbourg; APHP (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) (T.S.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," Sorbonne University, Paris; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (P.C.), University Hospitals of Toulouse (Purpan Hospital); and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (M.S.), University Hospital of Angers, France.

Louis Carla (L)

From the Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC (G.S., S.M., G.L.M., A.S., F.D., L.C., M.-H.V.) and ALS Center (S.M., G.L.M., A.S., L.C.), Nerve-Muscle Unit, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux; Department of Intensive Care (D.F., D.A., B.C.), Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS (E.S.-C., S.A.) and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuropediatric Unit (F.A.), Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille; Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.T.), University Hospitals of Lille; ENMG Unit, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (F.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon (Neurologic Hospital Pierre Wertheimer); Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.M.), University Hospitals of Nantes; Inserm, UMR1219 (T.S., A.F.-S.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, ISPED, University of Bordeaux; Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, French Reference Centre for MSA (T.S., A.F.-S.), University Hospitals of Bordeaux; AFM-Téléthon (S.S.-K.), Evry; Department of Neurology (L.K.), General Hospital of Le Mans; Department of Neurology (J.-C.A.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department (G.B.), University Hospital of Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Neurology Department (L.K., J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," University Hospitals of Strasbourg; APHP (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) (T.S.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," Sorbonne University, Paris; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (P.C.), University Hospitals of Toulouse (Purpan Hospital); and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (M.S.), University Hospital of Angers, France.

Marie-Hélène Violleau (MH)

From the Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC (G.S., S.M., G.L.M., A.S., F.D., L.C., M.-H.V.) and ALS Center (S.M., G.L.M., A.S., L.C.), Nerve-Muscle Unit, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux; Department of Intensive Care (D.F., D.A., B.C.), Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS (E.S.-C., S.A.) and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuropediatric Unit (F.A.), Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille; Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.T.), University Hospitals of Lille; ENMG Unit, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (F.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon (Neurologic Hospital Pierre Wertheimer); Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.M.), University Hospitals of Nantes; Inserm, UMR1219 (T.S., A.F.-S.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, ISPED, University of Bordeaux; Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, French Reference Centre for MSA (T.S., A.F.-S.), University Hospitals of Bordeaux; AFM-Téléthon (S.S.-K.), Evry; Department of Neurology (L.K.), General Hospital of Le Mans; Department of Neurology (J.-C.A.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department (G.B.), University Hospital of Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Neurology Department (L.K., J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," University Hospitals of Strasbourg; APHP (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) (T.S.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," Sorbonne University, Paris; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (P.C.), University Hospitals of Toulouse (Purpan Hospital); and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (M.S.), University Hospital of Angers, France.

Tiphaine Saulnier (T)

From the Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC (G.S., S.M., G.L.M., A.S., F.D., L.C., M.-H.V.) and ALS Center (S.M., G.L.M., A.S., L.C.), Nerve-Muscle Unit, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux; Department of Intensive Care (D.F., D.A., B.C.), Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS (E.S.-C., S.A.) and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuropediatric Unit (F.A.), Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille; Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.T.), University Hospitals of Lille; ENMG Unit, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (F.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon (Neurologic Hospital Pierre Wertheimer); Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.M.), University Hospitals of Nantes; Inserm, UMR1219 (T.S., A.F.-S.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, ISPED, University of Bordeaux; Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, French Reference Centre for MSA (T.S., A.F.-S.), University Hospitals of Bordeaux; AFM-Téléthon (S.S.-K.), Evry; Department of Neurology (L.K.), General Hospital of Le Mans; Department of Neurology (J.-C.A.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department (G.B.), University Hospital of Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Neurology Department (L.K., J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," University Hospitals of Strasbourg; APHP (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) (T.S.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," Sorbonne University, Paris; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (P.C.), University Hospitals of Toulouse (Purpan Hospital); and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (M.S.), University Hospital of Angers, France.

Sandrine Segovia-Kueny (S)

From the Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC (G.S., S.M., G.L.M., A.S., F.D., L.C., M.-H.V.) and ALS Center (S.M., G.L.M., A.S., L.C.), Nerve-Muscle Unit, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux; Department of Intensive Care (D.F., D.A., B.C.), Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS (E.S.-C., S.A.) and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuropediatric Unit (F.A.), Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille; Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.T.), University Hospitals of Lille; ENMG Unit, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (F.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon (Neurologic Hospital Pierre Wertheimer); Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.M.), University Hospitals of Nantes; Inserm, UMR1219 (T.S., A.F.-S.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, ISPED, University of Bordeaux; Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, French Reference Centre for MSA (T.S., A.F.-S.), University Hospitals of Bordeaux; AFM-Téléthon (S.S.-K.), Evry; Department of Neurology (L.K.), General Hospital of Le Mans; Department of Neurology (J.-C.A.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department (G.B.), University Hospital of Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Neurology Department (L.K., J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," University Hospitals of Strasbourg; APHP (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) (T.S.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," Sorbonne University, Paris; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (P.C.), University Hospitals of Toulouse (Purpan Hospital); and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (M.S.), University Hospital of Angers, France.

Léa Kern (L)

From the Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC (G.S., S.M., G.L.M., A.S., F.D., L.C., M.-H.V.) and ALS Center (S.M., G.L.M., A.S., L.C.), Nerve-Muscle Unit, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux; Department of Intensive Care (D.F., D.A., B.C.), Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS (E.S.-C., S.A.) and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuropediatric Unit (F.A.), Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille; Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.T.), University Hospitals of Lille; ENMG Unit, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (F.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon (Neurologic Hospital Pierre Wertheimer); Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.M.), University Hospitals of Nantes; Inserm, UMR1219 (T.S., A.F.-S.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, ISPED, University of Bordeaux; Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, French Reference Centre for MSA (T.S., A.F.-S.), University Hospitals of Bordeaux; AFM-Téléthon (S.S.-K.), Evry; Department of Neurology (L.K.), General Hospital of Le Mans; Department of Neurology (J.-C.A.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department (G.B.), University Hospital of Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Neurology Department (L.K., J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," University Hospitals of Strasbourg; APHP (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) (T.S.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," Sorbonne University, Paris; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (P.C.), University Hospitals of Toulouse (Purpan Hospital); and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (M.S.), University Hospital of Angers, France.

Jean-Christophe Antoine (JC)

From the Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC (G.S., S.M., G.L.M., A.S., F.D., L.C., M.-H.V.) and ALS Center (S.M., G.L.M., A.S., L.C.), Nerve-Muscle Unit, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux; Department of Intensive Care (D.F., D.A., B.C.), Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS (E.S.-C., S.A.) and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuropediatric Unit (F.A.), Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille; Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.T.), University Hospitals of Lille; ENMG Unit, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (F.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon (Neurologic Hospital Pierre Wertheimer); Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.M.), University Hospitals of Nantes; Inserm, UMR1219 (T.S., A.F.-S.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, ISPED, University of Bordeaux; Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, French Reference Centre for MSA (T.S., A.F.-S.), University Hospitals of Bordeaux; AFM-Téléthon (S.S.-K.), Evry; Department of Neurology (L.K.), General Hospital of Le Mans; Department of Neurology (J.-C.A.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department (G.B.), University Hospital of Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Neurology Department (L.K., J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," University Hospitals of Strasbourg; APHP (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) (T.S.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," Sorbonne University, Paris; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (P.C.), University Hospitals of Toulouse (Purpan Hospital); and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (M.S.), University Hospital of Angers, France.

Guillemette Beaudonnet (G)

From the Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC (G.S., S.M., G.L.M., A.S., F.D., L.C., M.-H.V.) and ALS Center (S.M., G.L.M., A.S., L.C.), Nerve-Muscle Unit, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux; Department of Intensive Care (D.F., D.A., B.C.), Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS (E.S.-C., S.A.) and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuropediatric Unit (F.A.), Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille; Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.T.), University Hospitals of Lille; ENMG Unit, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (F.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon (Neurologic Hospital Pierre Wertheimer); Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.M.), University Hospitals of Nantes; Inserm, UMR1219 (T.S., A.F.-S.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, ISPED, University of Bordeaux; Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, French Reference Centre for MSA (T.S., A.F.-S.), University Hospitals of Bordeaux; AFM-Téléthon (S.S.-K.), Evry; Department of Neurology (L.K.), General Hospital of Le Mans; Department of Neurology (J.-C.A.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department (G.B.), University Hospital of Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Neurology Department (L.K., J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," University Hospitals of Strasbourg; APHP (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) (T.S.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," Sorbonne University, Paris; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (P.C.), University Hospitals of Toulouse (Purpan Hospital); and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (M.S.), University Hospital of Angers, France.

Frédérique Audic (F)

From the Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC (G.S., S.M., G.L.M., A.S., F.D., L.C., M.-H.V.) and ALS Center (S.M., G.L.M., A.S., L.C.), Nerve-Muscle Unit, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux; Department of Intensive Care (D.F., D.A., B.C.), Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS (E.S.-C., S.A.) and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuropediatric Unit (F.A.), Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille; Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.T.), University Hospitals of Lille; ENMG Unit, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (F.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon (Neurologic Hospital Pierre Wertheimer); Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.M.), University Hospitals of Nantes; Inserm, UMR1219 (T.S., A.F.-S.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, ISPED, University of Bordeaux; Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, French Reference Centre for MSA (T.S., A.F.-S.), University Hospitals of Bordeaux; AFM-Téléthon (S.S.-K.), Evry; Department of Neurology (L.K.), General Hospital of Le Mans; Department of Neurology (J.-C.A.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department (G.B.), University Hospital of Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Neurology Department (L.K., J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," University Hospitals of Strasbourg; APHP (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) (T.S.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," Sorbonne University, Paris; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (P.C.), University Hospitals of Toulouse (Purpan Hospital); and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (M.S.), University Hospital of Angers, France.

Laurent Kremer (L)

From the Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC (G.S., S.M., G.L.M., A.S., F.D., L.C., M.-H.V.) and ALS Center (S.M., G.L.M., A.S., L.C.), Nerve-Muscle Unit, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux; Department of Intensive Care (D.F., D.A., B.C.), Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS (E.S.-C., S.A.) and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuropediatric Unit (F.A.), Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille; Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.T.), University Hospitals of Lille; ENMG Unit, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (F.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon (Neurologic Hospital Pierre Wertheimer); Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.M.), University Hospitals of Nantes; Inserm, UMR1219 (T.S., A.F.-S.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, ISPED, University of Bordeaux; Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, French Reference Centre for MSA (T.S., A.F.-S.), University Hospitals of Bordeaux; AFM-Téléthon (S.S.-K.), Evry; Department of Neurology (L.K.), General Hospital of Le Mans; Department of Neurology (J.-C.A.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department (G.B.), University Hospital of Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Neurology Department (L.K., J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," University Hospitals of Strasbourg; APHP (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) (T.S.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," Sorbonne University, Paris; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (P.C.), University Hospitals of Toulouse (Purpan Hospital); and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (M.S.), University Hospital of Angers, France.

Jean-Baptiste Chanson (JB)

From the Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC (G.S., S.M., G.L.M., A.S., F.D., L.C., M.-H.V.) and ALS Center (S.M., G.L.M., A.S., L.C.), Nerve-Muscle Unit, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux; Department of Intensive Care (D.F., D.A., B.C.), Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS (E.S.-C., S.A.) and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuropediatric Unit (F.A.), Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille; Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.T.), University Hospitals of Lille; ENMG Unit, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (F.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon (Neurologic Hospital Pierre Wertheimer); Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.M.), University Hospitals of Nantes; Inserm, UMR1219 (T.S., A.F.-S.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, ISPED, University of Bordeaux; Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, French Reference Centre for MSA (T.S., A.F.-S.), University Hospitals of Bordeaux; AFM-Téléthon (S.S.-K.), Evry; Department of Neurology (L.K.), General Hospital of Le Mans; Department of Neurology (J.-C.A.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department (G.B.), University Hospital of Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Neurology Department (L.K., J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," University Hospitals of Strasbourg; APHP (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) (T.S.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," Sorbonne University, Paris; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (P.C.), University Hospitals of Toulouse (Purpan Hospital); and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (M.S.), University Hospital of Angers, France.

Aleksandra Nadaj-Pakleza (A)

From the Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC (G.S., S.M., G.L.M., A.S., F.D., L.C., M.-H.V.) and ALS Center (S.M., G.L.M., A.S., L.C.), Nerve-Muscle Unit, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux; Department of Intensive Care (D.F., D.A., B.C.), Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS (E.S.-C., S.A.) and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuropediatric Unit (F.A.), Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille; Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.T.), University Hospitals of Lille; ENMG Unit, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (F.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon (Neurologic Hospital Pierre Wertheimer); Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.M.), University Hospitals of Nantes; Inserm, UMR1219 (T.S., A.F.-S.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, ISPED, University of Bordeaux; Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, French Reference Centre for MSA (T.S., A.F.-S.), University Hospitals of Bordeaux; AFM-Téléthon (S.S.-K.), Evry; Department of Neurology (L.K.), General Hospital of Le Mans; Department of Neurology (J.-C.A.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department (G.B.), University Hospital of Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Neurology Department (L.K., J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," University Hospitals of Strasbourg; APHP (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) (T.S.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," Sorbonne University, Paris; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (P.C.), University Hospitals of Toulouse (Purpan Hospital); and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (M.S.), University Hospital of Angers, France.

Tanya Stojkovic (T)

From the Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC (G.S., S.M., G.L.M., A.S., F.D., L.C., M.-H.V.) and ALS Center (S.M., G.L.M., A.S., L.C.), Nerve-Muscle Unit, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux; Department of Intensive Care (D.F., D.A., B.C.), Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS (E.S.-C., S.A.) and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuropediatric Unit (F.A.), Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille; Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.T.), University Hospitals of Lille; ENMG Unit, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (F.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon (Neurologic Hospital Pierre Wertheimer); Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.M.), University Hospitals of Nantes; Inserm, UMR1219 (T.S., A.F.-S.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, ISPED, University of Bordeaux; Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, French Reference Centre for MSA (T.S., A.F.-S.), University Hospitals of Bordeaux; AFM-Téléthon (S.S.-K.), Evry; Department of Neurology (L.K.), General Hospital of Le Mans; Department of Neurology (J.-C.A.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department (G.B.), University Hospital of Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Neurology Department (L.K., J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," University Hospitals of Strasbourg; APHP (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) (T.S.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," Sorbonne University, Paris; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (P.C.), University Hospitals of Toulouse (Purpan Hospital); and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (M.S.), University Hospital of Angers, France.
ORCID: 0000-0002-4054-2838

Pascal Cintas (P)

From the Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC (G.S., S.M., G.L.M., A.S., F.D., L.C., M.-H.V.) and ALS Center (S.M., G.L.M., A.S., L.C.), Nerve-Muscle Unit, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux; Department of Intensive Care (D.F., D.A., B.C.), Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS (E.S.-C., S.A.) and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuropediatric Unit (F.A.), Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille; Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.T.), University Hospitals of Lille; ENMG Unit, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (F.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon (Neurologic Hospital Pierre Wertheimer); Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.M.), University Hospitals of Nantes; Inserm, UMR1219 (T.S., A.F.-S.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, ISPED, University of Bordeaux; Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, French Reference Centre for MSA (T.S., A.F.-S.), University Hospitals of Bordeaux; AFM-Téléthon (S.S.-K.), Evry; Department of Neurology (L.K.), General Hospital of Le Mans; Department of Neurology (J.-C.A.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department (G.B.), University Hospital of Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Neurology Department (L.K., J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," University Hospitals of Strasbourg; APHP (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) (T.S.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," Sorbonne University, Paris; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (P.C.), University Hospitals of Toulouse (Purpan Hospital); and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (M.S.), University Hospital of Angers, France.

Marco Spinazzi (M)

From the Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC (G.S., S.M., G.L.M., A.S., F.D., L.C., M.-H.V.) and ALS Center (S.M., G.L.M., A.S., L.C.), Nerve-Muscle Unit, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux; Department of Intensive Care (D.F., D.A., B.C.), Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS (E.S.-C., S.A.) and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuropediatric Unit (F.A.), Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille; Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.T.), University Hospitals of Lille; ENMG Unit, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (F.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon (Neurologic Hospital Pierre Wertheimer); Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.M.), University Hospitals of Nantes; Inserm, UMR1219 (T.S., A.F.-S.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, ISPED, University of Bordeaux; Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, French Reference Centre for MSA (T.S., A.F.-S.), University Hospitals of Bordeaux; AFM-Téléthon (S.S.-K.), Evry; Department of Neurology (L.K.), General Hospital of Le Mans; Department of Neurology (J.-C.A.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department (G.B.), University Hospital of Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Neurology Department (L.K., J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," University Hospitals of Strasbourg; APHP (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) (T.S.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," Sorbonne University, Paris; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (P.C.), University Hospitals of Toulouse (Purpan Hospital); and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (M.S.), University Hospital of Angers, France.

Alexandra Foubert-Samier (A)

From the Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC (G.S., S.M., G.L.M., A.S., F.D., L.C., M.-H.V.) and ALS Center (S.M., G.L.M., A.S., L.C.), Nerve-Muscle Unit, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux; Department of Intensive Care (D.F., D.A., B.C.), Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS (E.S.-C., S.A.) and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuropediatric Unit (F.A.), Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille; Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.T.), University Hospitals of Lille; ENMG Unit, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (F.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon (Neurologic Hospital Pierre Wertheimer); Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.M.), University Hospitals of Nantes; Inserm, UMR1219 (T.S., A.F.-S.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, ISPED, University of Bordeaux; Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, French Reference Centre for MSA (T.S., A.F.-S.), University Hospitals of Bordeaux; AFM-Téléthon (S.S.-K.), Evry; Department of Neurology (L.K.), General Hospital of Le Mans; Department of Neurology (J.-C.A.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department (G.B.), University Hospital of Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Neurology Department (L.K., J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," University Hospitals of Strasbourg; APHP (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) (T.S.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," Sorbonne University, Paris; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (P.C.), University Hospitals of Toulouse (Purpan Hospital); and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (M.S.), University Hospital of Angers, France.

Shahram Attarian (S)

From the Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC (G.S., S.M., G.L.M., A.S., F.D., L.C., M.-H.V.) and ALS Center (S.M., G.L.M., A.S., L.C.), Nerve-Muscle Unit, University Hospitals of Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux; Department of Intensive Care (D.F., D.A., B.C.), Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS (E.S.-C., S.A.) and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuropediatric Unit (F.A.), Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille; Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.T.), University Hospitals of Lille; ENMG Unit, Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (F.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon (Neurologic Hospital Pierre Wertheimer); Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.M.), University Hospitals of Nantes; Inserm, UMR1219 (T.S., A.F.-S.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, ISPED, University of Bordeaux; Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, French Reference Centre for MSA (T.S., A.F.-S.), University Hospitals of Bordeaux; AFM-Téléthon (S.S.-K.), Evry; Department of Neurology (L.K.), General Hospital of Le Mans; Department of Neurology (J.-C.A.), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Clinical Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department (G.B.), University Hospital of Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Neurology Department (L.K., J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," University Hospitals of Strasbourg; APHP (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) (T.S.), Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France," Sorbonne University, Paris; Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (P.C.), University Hospitals of Toulouse (Purpan Hospital); and Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology (M.S.), University Hospital of Angers, France.
ORCID: 0000-0002-7211-4694

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