Insights Into the Role and Potential of Schwann Cells for Peripheral Nerve Repair From Studies of Development and Injury.
directed reprogramming
nerve repair
peripheral nerve injury
repair Schwann cells
transcriptional regulators
Journal
Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
ISSN: 1662-5099
Titre abrégé: Front Mol Neurosci
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101477914
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2020
2020
Historique:
received:
20
09
2020
accepted:
31
12
2020
entrez:
11
2
2021
pubmed:
12
2
2021
medline:
12
2
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Peripheral nerve injuries arising from trauma or disease can lead to sensory and motor deficits and neuropathic pain. Despite the purported ability of the peripheral nerve to self-repair, lifelong disability is common. New molecular and cellular insights have begun to reveal why the peripheral nerve has limited repair capacity. The peripheral nerve is primarily comprised of axons and Schwann cells, the supporting glial cells that produce myelin to facilitate the rapid conduction of electrical impulses. Schwann cells are required for successful nerve regeneration; they partially "de-differentiate" in response to injury, re-initiating the expression of developmental genes that support nerve repair. However, Schwann cell dysfunction, which occurs in chronic nerve injury, disease, and aging, limits their capacity to support endogenous repair, worsening patient outcomes. Cell replacement-based therapeutic approaches using exogenous Schwann cells could be curative, but not all Schwann cells have a "repair" phenotype, defined as the ability to promote axonal growth, maintain a proliferative phenotype, and remyelinate axons. Two cell replacement strategies are being championed for peripheral nerve repair: prospective isolation of "repair" Schwann cells for autologous cell transplants, which is hampered by supply challenges, and directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells or lineage conversion of accessible somatic cells to induced Schwann cells, with the potential of "unlimited" supply. All approaches require a solid understanding of the molecular mechanisms guiding Schwann cell development and the repair phenotype, which we review herein. Together these studies provide essential context for current efforts to design glial cell-based therapies for peripheral nerve regeneration.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33568974
doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.608442
pmc: PMC7868393
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
608442Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Balakrishnan, Belfiore, Chu, Fleming, Midha, Biernaskie and Schuurmans.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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