Aerosol and bioaerosol particle size and dynamics from defective sanitary plumbing systems.
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
aerodynamic particle sizing
aerosols
bioaerosols
slit-to-agar sampling
toilet flush
transient fluid flow
wastewater
Journal
Indoor air
ISSN: 1600-0668
Titre abrégé: Indoor Air
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9423515
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
09 2021
09 2021
Historique:
revised:
05
01
2021
received:
29
10
2020
accepted:
07
01
2021
pubmed:
12
2
2021
medline:
16
9
2021
entrez:
11
2
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Aerosols are readily transported on airstreams through building sanitary plumbing and sewer systems, and those containing microbial pathogens (known as bioaerosols) are recognized as contributors to infection spread within buildings. When a defect occurs in the sanitary plumbing system that affects the system integrity, a cross-transmission route is created that can enable the emission of bioaerosols from the system into the building. These emission occurrences are characterized as short-burst events (typically <1 min in duration) which make them difficult to detect and predict. The characterization of these emission events is the focus of this research. Two methods were used to characterize bioaerosol emission events in a full-scale test rig: (a) an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) for particle size distribution and concentrations; and (b) a slit-to-agar sampler to enumerate the ingress of a viable tracer microorganism (Pseudomonas putida). The APS data confirmed that most particles (>99.5%) were <5 μm and were therefore considered aerosols. Particles generated within the sanitary plumbing system as a result of a toilet flush leads to emissions into the building during system defect conditions with an equivalence of someone talking loudly for over 6 and a half minutes. There were no particles detected of a size >11 μm anywhere in the system. Particle count was influenced by toilet flush volume, but it was not possible to determine if there was any direct influence from airflow rate since both particle and biological data showed no correlation with upward airflow rates and velocities. Typical emissions resulting from a 6 L toilet flush were in the range of 280-400 particles per second at a concentration of typically 9-12 number per cm
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1427-1440Subventions
Organisme : Heriot Watt University
Informations de copyright
© 2021 The Authors. Indoor Air published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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