IL-17-induced inflammation modulates the mPGES-1/PPAR-γ pathway in monocytes/macrophages.
IL-17A
PGE2
PPAR-γ
inflammation
mPGES-1
monocytes/macrophages
Journal
British journal of pharmacology
ISSN: 1476-5381
Titre abrégé: Br J Pharmacol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 7502536
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
05 2022
05 2022
Historique:
revised:
15
01
2021
received:
02
10
2020
accepted:
04
02
2021
pubmed:
18
2
2021
medline:
6
4
2022
entrez:
17
2
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Recent biochemical and pharmacological studies have reported that in several tissues and cell types, microsomal PGE We evaluated effects of PF 9184 (mPGES-1 inhibitor) and troglitazone (PPAR-γ agonist) in vitro, using the mouse macrophage cell line J774A.1. In vivo, the dorsal air pouch model in CD1 mice was used, and inflammatory infiltrates were analysed by flow cytometry. Locally produced cyto-chemokines and PGs were assessed using elisa assays. Western blots were also employed to determine the activity of various enzymes involved in downstream signalling pathways. PF 9184 and troglitazone, in a time- and dose-dependent manner, modulated leukocyte infiltration, myeloperoxidase activity, and the expression of COX-2/mPGES-1, NF-кB/IкB-α, and mPTGDS-1/PPAR-γ, induced by IL-17. Moreover, both PF 9184 and troglitazone modulated PG (PGE Our data suggest that IL-17 may constitute a specific modulator of inflammatory monocytes during later phases of the inflammatory response. The results of this study show, for the first time, that the IL-17/mPGES-1/PPAR-γ pathway could represent a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory-based and immune-mediated diseases. This article is part of a themed issue on Inflammation, Repair and Ageing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.9/issuetoc.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Recent biochemical and pharmacological studies have reported that in several tissues and cell types, microsomal PGE
EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH
We evaluated effects of PF 9184 (mPGES-1 inhibitor) and troglitazone (PPAR-γ agonist) in vitro, using the mouse macrophage cell line J774A.1. In vivo, the dorsal air pouch model in CD1 mice was used, and inflammatory infiltrates were analysed by flow cytometry. Locally produced cyto-chemokines and PGs were assessed using elisa assays. Western blots were also employed to determine the activity of various enzymes involved in downstream signalling pathways.
KEY RESULTS
PF 9184 and troglitazone, in a time- and dose-dependent manner, modulated leukocyte infiltration, myeloperoxidase activity, and the expression of COX-2/mPGES-1, NF-кB/IкB-α, and mPTGDS-1/PPAR-γ, induced by IL-17. Moreover, both PF 9184 and troglitazone modulated PG (PGE
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
Our data suggest that IL-17 may constitute a specific modulator of inflammatory monocytes during later phases of the inflammatory response. The results of this study show, for the first time, that the IL-17/mPGES-1/PPAR-γ pathway could represent a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory-based and immune-mediated diseases.
LINKED ARTICLES
This article is part of a themed issue on Inflammation, Repair and Ageing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.9/issuetoc.
Substances chimiques
Il17a protein, mouse
0
Interleukin-17
0
PPAR gamma
0
Pparg protein, mouse
0
Prostaglandin-E Synthases
EC 5.3.99.3
Ptges protein, mouse
EC 5.3.99.3
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1857-1873Informations de copyright
© 2021 The British Pharmacological Society.
Références
Afif, H., Benderdour, M., Mfuna-Endam, L., Martel-Pelletier, J., Pelletier, J. P., Duval, N., & Fahmi, H. (2007). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma1 expression is diminished in human osteoarthritic cartilage and is downregulated by interleukin-1β in articular chondrocytes. Arthritis Research and Therapy, 9R31, 31-42. https://doi.org/10.1186/ar2151
Alexander, S. P. H., Cidlowski, J. A., Kelly, E., Mathie, A., Peters, J. A., Veale, E. L., Armstrong, J. F., Faccenda, E., Harding, S. D., Pawson, A. J., Sharman, J. L., Southan, C., Davies, J. A., & CGTP Collaborators. (2019). The concise guide to pharmacology 2019/20: Nuclear hormone receptors. British Journal of Pharmacology, 176(Suppl 1), S229-S246.
Alexander, S. P. H., Fabbro, D., Kelly, E., Mathie, A., Peters, J. A., Veale, E. L., Armstrong, J. F., Faccenda, E., Harding, S. D., Pawson, A. J., Sharman, J. L., Southan, C., Davies, J. A., & CGTP Collaborators. (2019). The concise guide to pharmacology 2019/20: Enzymes. British Journal of Pharmacology, 176(Suppl 1), S297-S396.
Alexander, S. P. H., Kelly, E., Mathie, A., Peters, J. A., Veale, E. L., Faccenda, E., Harding, S. D., Pawson, A. J., Sharman, J. L., Southan, C., Buneman, O. P., Cidlowski, J. A., Christopoulos, A., Davenport, A. P., Fabbro, D., Spedding, M., Striessnig, J., Davies, J. A., & CGTP Collaborators. (2019). THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: Other Protein Targets. British Journal of Pharmacology, 176, S1-S20. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.14747
Alexander, S. P. H., Kelly, E., Mathie, A., Peters, J. A., Veale, E. L., Armstrong, J. F., Faccenda, E., Harding, S. D., Pawson, A. J., Sharman, J. L., Southan, C., Davies, J. A., & CGTP Collaborators. (2019). The concise guide to pharmacology 2019/20: Transporters. British Journal of Pharmacology, 176(Suppl 1), S397-S493.
Alexander, S. P. H., Roberts, R. E., Broughton, B. R. S., Sobey, C. G., George, C. H., Stanford, S. C., Cirino, G., Docherty, J. R., Giembycz, M. A., Hoyer, D., Insel, P. A., Izzo, A. A., Ji, Y., MacEwan, D. J., Mangum, J., Wonnacott, S., & Ahluwalia, A. (2018). Goals and practicalities of immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry: A guide for submission to the British Journal of pharmacology. British Journal of Pharmacology, 175, 407-411. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.14112
Bellavita, R., Raucci, F., Merlino, F., Piccolo, M., Ferraro, M. G., Irace, C., Santamaria, R., Iqbal, A. J., Novellino, E., Grieco, P., Mascolo, N., & Maione, F. (2020). Temporin L-derived peptide as a regulator of the acute inflammatory response in zymosan-induced peritonitis. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 123, 109788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109788
Chu, X., Xu, L., Nishimura, K., Jisaka, M., Nagaya, T., Shono, F., & Yokota, K. (2009). Suppression of adipogenesis program in cultured preadipocytes transfected stably with cyclooxygenase isoforms. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1791, 273-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.01.022
Cristiano, C., Volpicelli, F., Lippiello, P., Buono, B., Raucci, F., Piccolo, M., Iqbal, A. J., Irace, C., Miniaci, M. C., Perrone Capano, C., Calignano, A., Mascolo, N., & Maione, F. (2019). Neutralization of IL-17 rescues amyloid-β-induced neuroinflammation and memory impairment. British Journal of Pharmacology, 176, 3544-3557. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.14586
Curtis, M. J., Alexander, S., Cirino, G., Docherty, J. R., George, C. H., Giembycz, M. A., Hoyer, D., Insel, P. A., Izzo, A. A., Ji, Y., MacEwan, D. J., Sobey, C. G., Stanford, S. C., Teixeira, M. M., Wonnacott, S., & Ahluwalia, A. (2018). Experimental design and analysis and their reporting II: Updated and simplified guidance for authors and peer reviewers. British Journal of Pharmacology, 175(7), 987-993. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.14153
Cuzzocrea, S., Wayman, N. S., Mazzon, E., Dugo, L., Di Paola, R., Serraino, I., Britti, D., Chatterjee, P. K., Caputi, A. P., & Thiemermann, C. (2002). The cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 attenuates the development of acute and chronic inflammation. Molecular Pharmacology, 61, 997-1007. https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.61.5.997
D'Acquisto, F., Maione, F., & Pederzoli-Ribeil, M. (2010). From IL-15 to IL-33: The never-ending list of new players in inflammation. Is it time to forget the humble aspirin and move ahead? Biochemical Pharmacology, 79, 525-534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2009.09.015
de-Brito, N. M., da-Costa, H. C., Simões, R. L., & Barja-Fidalgo, C. (2019). Lipoxin-induced phenotypic changes in CD115 + LY6C hi monocytes TAM precursors inhibits tumor development. Frontiers in Oncology, 9, 540. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2019.00540
Di Francesco, L., Bruno, A., Ricciotti, E., Tacconelli, S., Dovizio, M., Guillem-Llobat, P., Alisi, M. A., Garrone, B., Coletta, I., Mangano, G., Milanese, C., FitzGerald, G. A., & Patrignani, P. (2020). Pharmacological characterization of the microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 inhibitor AF3485 in vitro and in vivo. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.00374
Funk, C. D. (2001). Prostaglandins and leukotrienes: Advances in eicosanoid biology. Science, 294, 1871-1875. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.294.5548.1871
García-Alonso, V., López-Vicario, C., Titos, E., Morán-Salvador, E., González-Périz, A., Rius, B., Párrizas, M., Werz, O., Arroyo, V., & Clària, J. (2013). Coordinate functional regulation between microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in the conversion of white to-brown adipocytes. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 288, 28230-28242. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M113.468603
George, C. H., Stanford, S. C., Alexander, S., Cirino, G., Docherty, J. R., Giembycz, M. A., Hoyer, D., Insel, P. A., Izzo, A. A., Ji, Y., MacEwan, D. J., Sobey, C. G., Wonnacott, S., & Ahluwalia, A. (2017). Updating the guidelines for data transparency in the British Journal of Pharmacology-Data sharing and the use of scatter plots instead of bar charts. British Journal of Pharmacology, 174, 2801-2804. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.13925
Hawkey, C. J. (1999). COX-2 inhibitors. Lancet, 353, 307-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(98)12154-2
Inada, M., Matsumoto, C., Uematsu, S., Akira, S., & Miyaura, C. (2006). Membrane-bound prostaglandin E synthase-1-mediated prostaglandin E2 production by osteoblast plays a critical role in lipopolysaccharide-induced bone loss associated with inflammation. Journal of Immunology, 177, 1879-1885. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.177.3.1879
Jakobsson, P. J., Thorén, S., Morgenstern, R., & Samuelsson, B. (1999). Identification of human prostaglandin E synthase: A microsomal, glutathione-dependent, inducible enzyme, constituting a potential novel drug target. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 96, 7220-7225. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.13.7220
Jouzeau, J. Y., Moulin, D., Koufany, M., Sebillaud, S., Bianchi, A., & Netter, P. (2008). Pathophysiological relevance of peroxisome proliferators activated receptors (PPAR) to joint diseases-The pro and con of agonists. Journal de la Société de Biologie, 202, 289-312. https://doi.org/10.1051/jbio:2008034
Kabala, P. A., Malvar-Fernández, B., Lopes, A. P., Carvalheiro, T., Hartgring, S. A. Y., Tang, M. W., Conde, C., Baeten, D. L., Sleeman, M., Tak, P. P., Connor, J., Radstake, T. R., Reedquist, K. A., & García, S. (2020). Promotion of macrophage activation by Tie2 in the context of the inflamed synovia of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis patients. Rheumatology (Oxford), 59(2), 426-438. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kez315
Kalinski, P. (2012). Regulation of immune responses by prostaglandin E2. Journal of Immunology, 188, 21-28. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1101029
Kapellos, T. S., Taylor, L., Feuerborn, A., Valaris, S., Hussain, M. T., Rainger, G. E., Greaves, D. R., & Iqbal, A. J. (2019). Cannabinoid receptor 2 deficiency exacerbates inflammation and neutrophil recruitment. The FASEB Journal, 33, 6154-6167. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201802524R
Kapoor, M., Kojima, F., Qian, M., Yang, L., & Crofford, L. J. (2007). Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 deficiency is associated with elevated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ: Regulation by prostaglandin E2 via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt pathway. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 282, 5356-5366. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M610153200
Koeberle, A., & Werz, O. (2015). Perspective of microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 as drug target in inflammation-related disorders. Biochemical Pharmacology, 98, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2015.06.022
Kojima, F., Kapoor, M., Yang, L., Fleishaker, E. L., Ward, M. R., Monrad, S. U., Kottangada, P. C., Pace, C. Q., Clark, J. A., Woodward, J. G., & Crofford, L. J. (2008). Defective generation of a humoral immune response is associated with a reduced incidence and severity of collagen-induced arthritis in microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 null mice. Journal of Immunology, 180, 8361-8368. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.180.12.8361
Korbecki, J., Baranowska-Bosiacka, I., Gutowska, I., & Chlubek, D. (2014). Cyclooxygenase pathways. Acta Biochimica Polonica, 61, 639-649.PMID: 25343148
Korbecki, J., Bobiński, R., & Dutka, M. (2019). Self-regulation of the inflammatory response by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Inflammation Research, 68, 443-458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-019-01231-1
Korotkova, M., Helmers, S. B., Loell, I., Alexanderson, H., Grundtman, C., Dorph, C., Lundberg, I. E., & Jakobsson, P. J. (2008). Effects of immunosuppressive treatment on microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 and cyclooxygenases expression in muscle tissue of patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 67, 1596-1602. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.2007.079525
Li, X., Afif, H., Cheng, S., Martel-Pelletier, J., Pelletier, J. P., Ranger, P., & Fahmi, H. (2005). Expression and regulation of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 in human osteoarthritic cartilage and chondrocytes. The Journal of Rheumatology, 32, 887-895.PMID: 15868626
Lilley, E., Stanford, S. C., Kendall, D. E., Alexander, S. P., Cirino, G., Docherty, J. R., George, C. H., Insel, P. A., Izzo, A. A., Ji, Y., Panettieri, R. A., Sobey, C. G., Stefanska, B., Stephens, G., Teixeira, M., & Ahluwalia, A. (2020). ARRIVE 2.0 and the British Journal of Pharmacology: Updated guidance for 2020. British Journal of Pharmacology. 3611-3616. https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/bph.15178
Maione, F. (2016). Commentary: IL-17 in chronic inflammation: From discovery to targeting. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 7, 250-253. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2016.00250
Maione, F., Casillo, G. M., Raucci, F., Iqbal, A. J., & Mascolo, N. (2020). The functional link between microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in the onset of inflammation. Pharmacological Research, 157, 104807-104901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104807
Maione, F., Cicala, C., Liverani, E., Mascolo, N., Perretti, M., & D'Acquisto, F. (2011). IL-17A increases ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 408, 658-662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.04.080
Maione, F., Iqbal, A. J., Raucci, F., Letek, M., Bauer, M., & D'Acquisto, F. (2018). Repetitive exposure of IL-17 into the murine air pouch favors the recruitment of inflammatory monocytes and the release of IL-16 and TREM-1 in the inflammatory fluids. Frontiers in Immunology, 9, 2752. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02752
Maione, F., Paschalidis, N., Mascolo, N., Dufton, N., Perretti, M., & D'Acquisto, F. (2009). Interleukin 17 sustains rather than induces inflammation. Biochemical Pharmacology, 77, 878-887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2008.11.011
Maione, F., Piccolo, M., De Vita, S., Chini, M. G., Cristiano, C., De Caro, C., Lippiello, P., Miniaci, M. C., Santamaria, R., Irace, C., De Feo, V., Calignano, A., Mascolo, N., & Bifulco, G. (2018). Down regulation of pro-inflammatory pathways by tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone in a non-genetic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacological Research, 129, 482-490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.018
Mosca, M., Polentarutti, N., Mangano, G., Apicella, C., Doni, A., Mancini, F., de Bortoli, M., Coletta, I., Polenzani, L., Santoni, G., Sironi, M., Vecchi, A., & Mantovani, A. (2007). Regulation of the microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 in polarized mononuclear phagocytes and its constitutive expression in neutrophils. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 82, 320-326. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0906576
Murakami, M. (2011). Lipid mediators in life science. Experimental Animals, 60, 7-20. https://doi.org/10.1538/expanim.60.7
Napimoga, M. H., Vieira, S. M., Dal-Secco, D., Freitas, A., Souto, F. O., Mestriner, F. L., Alves-Filho, J. C., Grespan, R., Kawai, T., Ferreira, S. H., & Cunha, F. Q. (2008). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand, 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2, reduces neutrophil migration via a nitric oxide pathway. Journal of Immunology, 180, 609-617. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.180.1.609
Navarini, L., Costa, L., Tasso, M., Chimenti, M. S., Currado, D., Fonti, G. L., Ciccozzi, M., Margiotta, D. P. E., Benigno, C., de Martino, E., Perricone, R., Afeltra, A., Scarpa, R., & Caso, F. (2020). Retention rates and identification of factors associated with anti-TNFα, anti-IL17, and anti-IL12/23R agents discontinuation in psoriatic arthritis patients: Results from a real-world clinical setting. Clinical Rheumatology, 39, 2663-2670. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-020-05027-1
Onishi, R. M., & Gaffen, S. L. (2010). Interleukin-17 and its target genes: Mechanisms of interleukin-17 function in disease. Immunology, 129, 311-321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03240.x
Park, J. Y., Pillinger, M. H., & Abramson, S. B. (2006). Prostaglandin E2 synthesis and secretion: The role of PGE2 synthases. Clinical Immunology, 119, 229-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2006.01.016
Pascual, G., Fong, A. L., Ogawa, S., Gamliel, A., Li, A. C., Perissi, V., Rose, D. W., Willson, T. M., Rosenfeld, M. G., & Glass, C. K. (2005). A SUMOylation-dependent pathway mediates transrepression of inflammatory response genes by PPAR-γ. Nature, 7059, 759-763. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03988
Percie du Sert, N., Hurst, V., Ahluwalia, A., Alam, S., Avey, M. T., Baker, M., Browne, W. J., Clark, A., Cuthill, I. C., Dirnagl, U., Emerson, M., Garner, P., Holgate, S. T., Howells, D. W., Karp, N. A., Lazic, S. E., Lidster, K., MacCallum, C. J., Macleod, M., … Würbel, H. (2020). The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: Updated guidelines for reporting animal research. PLoS Biology, 18(7), e3000410. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000410
Perretti, M., Cooper, D., Dalli, J., & Norling, L. V. (2017). Immune resolution mechanisms in inflammatory arthritis. Nature Reviews Rheumatology, 13, 87-99. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2016.193
Podaru, M. N., Fields, L., Kainuma, S., Ichihara, Y., Hussain, M., Ito, T., Kobayashi, K., Mathur, A., D'Acquisto, F., Lewis-McDougall, F., & Suzuki, K. (2019). Reparative macrophage transplantation for myocardial repair: A refinement of bone marrow mononuclear cell-based therapy. Basic Research in Cardiology, 114, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00395-019-0742-1
Posadas, I., Terencio, M. C., Guillén, I., Ferrándiz, M. L., Coloma, J., Payá, M., & Alcaraz, M. J. (2000). Co-regulation between cyclo-oxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in the time-course of murine inflammation. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 361, 98-106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002109900150
Raucci, F., Iqbal, A. J., Saviano, A., Casillo, G. M., Russo, M., Lezama, D., Mascolo, N., & Maione, F. (2019). In-depth immunophenotyping data relating to IL-17Ab modulation of circulating Treg/Th17 cells and of in situ infiltrated inflammatory monocytes in the onset of gouty inflammation. Data in Brief, 25, 104381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2019.104381. eCollection 2019 Aug
Raucci, F., Iqbal, A. J., Saviano, A., Minosi, P., Piccolo, M., Irace, C., Caso, F., Scarpa, R., Pieretti, S., Mascolo, N., & Maione, F. (2019). IL-17A neutralizing antibody regulates monosodium urate crystal-induced gouty inflammation. Pharmacological Research, 147, 104351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104351
Raucci, F., Mansour, A. A., Casillo, G. M., Saviano, A., Caso, F., Scarpa, R., Mascolo, N., Iqbal, A. J., & Maione, F. (2020). Interleukin-17A (IL-17A), a key molecule of innate and adaptive immunity, and its potential involvement in COVID-19-related thrombotic and vascular mechanisms. Autoimmunity Reviews, 19(7), 102572-102575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102572
Ricote, M., Li, A. C., Willson, T. M., Kelly, C. J., & Glass, C. K. (1998). The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ is a negative regulator of macrophage activation. Nature, 391, 79-82. https://doi.org/10.1038/34178
Samuelsson, B., Morgenstern, R., & Jakobsson, P. J. (2007). Membrane prostaglandin E synthase-1: A novel therapeutic target. Pharmacological Reviews, 59, 207-224. https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.59.3.1
Serhan, C. N. (2014). Pro-resolving lipid mediators are leads for resolution physiology. Nature, 510, 92-101. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13479
Sreeramkumar, V., Fresno, M., & Cuesta, N. (2012). Prostaglandin E2 and T cells: Friends or foes? Immunology and Cell Biology, 90, 579-586. https://doi.org/10.1038/icb.2011.75
Sreeramkumar, V., Hons, M., Punzón, C., Stein, J. V., Sancho, D., Fresno, M., & Cuesta, N. (2016). Efficient T-cell priming and activation requires signaling through prostaglandin E2 (EP) receptors. Immunology and Cell Biology, 94, 39-51. https://doi.org/10.1038/icb.2015.62
Stichtenoth, D. O., Thorén, S., Bian, H., Peters-Golden, M., Jakobsson, P. J., & Crofford, L. J. (2001). Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase is regulated by proinflammatory cytokines and glucocorticoids in primary rheumatoid synovial cells. Journal of Immunology, 167, 469-474. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.167.1.469
Thommesen, L., Sjursen, W., Gåsvik, K., Hanssen, W., Brekke, O. L., Skattebøl, L., Holmeide, A. K., Espevik, T., Johansen, B., & Laegreid, A. (1998). Selective inhibitors of cytosolic or secretory phospholipase A2 block TNF-induced activation of transcription factor nuclear factor-κB and expression of ICAM-1. Journal of Immunology, 161, 3421-3430.PMID: 9759860
Tontonoz, P., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2008). Fat and beyond: The diverse biology of PPARγ. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 77, 289-312. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biochem.77.061307.091829
Trebino, C. E., Stock, J. L., Gibbons, C. P., Naiman, B. M., Wachtmann, T. S., Umland, J. P., Pandher, K., Lapointe, J.-M., Saha, S., Roach, M. L., Carter, D., Thomas, N. A., Durtschi, B. A., McNeish, J. D., Hambor, J. E., Jakobsson, P.-J., Carty, T. J., Perez, J. R., & Audoly, L. P. (2003). Impaired inflammatory and pain responses in mice lacking an inducible prostaglandin E synthase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100, 9044-9049. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1332766100
Tsai, J. S., Chen, C. Y., Chen, Y. L., & Chuang, L. M. (2010). Rosiglitazone inhibits monocyte/macrophage adhesion through de novo adiponectin production in human monocytes. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 110, 1410-1419. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.22657
Uematsu, S., Matsumoto, M., Takeda, K., & Akira, S. (2002). Lipopolysaccharide-dependent prostaglandin E(2) production is regulated by the glutathione-dependent prostaglandin E(2) synthase gene induced by the toll-like receptor 4/MyD88/NF-IL6 pathway. Journal of Immunology, 168, 5811-5816. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.168.11.5811
Westman, M., Korotkova, M., Klint, E. A., Stark, A., Audoly, L. P., Klareskog, L., Ulfgren, A. K., & Jakobsson, P. J. (2004). Expression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 50, 1774-1780. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.20286
Yousefnia, S., Momenzadeh, S., Seyed Forootan, F., Ghaedi, K., & Nasr Esfahani, M. H. (2018). The influence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ligands on cancer cell tumorigenicity. Gene, 649, 14-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.018
Zelcer, N., & Tontonoz, P. (2005). SUMOylation and PPARγ: Wrestling with inflammatory signaling. Cell Metabolism, 5, 273-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2005.10.004
Zhou, L., Braat, H., Faber, K. N., Dijkstra, G., & Peppelenbosch, M. P. (2009). Monocytes and their pathophysiological role in Crohn's disease. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 66, 192-202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-008-8308-7