Cortical thickness across the lifespan: Data from 17,075 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years.


Journal

Human brain mapping
ISSN: 1097-0193
Titre abrégé: Hum Brain Mapp
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9419065

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
01 2022
Historique:
revised: 02 01 2021
received: 10 11 2020
accepted: 21 01 2021
pubmed: 18 2 2021
medline: 29 3 2022
entrez: 17 2 2021
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Delineating the association of age and cortical thickness in healthy individuals is critical given the association of cortical thickness with cognition and behavior. Previous research has shown that robust estimates of the association between age and brain morphometry require large-scale studies. In response, we used cross-sectional data from 17,075 individuals aged 3-90 years from the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to infer age-related changes in cortical thickness. We used fractional polynomial (FP) regression to quantify the association between age and cortical thickness, and we computed normalized growth centiles using the parametric Lambda, Mu, and Sigma method. Interindividual variability was estimated using meta-analysis and one-way analysis of variance. For most regions, their highest cortical thickness value was observed in childhood. Age and cortical thickness showed a negative association; the slope was steeper up to the third decade of life and more gradual thereafter; notable exceptions to this general pattern were entorhinal, temporopolar, and anterior cingulate cortices. Interindividual variability was largest in temporal and frontal regions across the lifespan. Age and its FP combinations explained up to 59% variance in cortical thickness. These results may form the basis of further investigation on normative deviation in cortical thickness and its significance for behavioral and cognitive outcomes.

Identifiants

pubmed: 33595143
doi: 10.1002/hbm.25364
pmc: PMC8675431
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Meta-Analysis Multicenter Study Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

431-451

Subventions

Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : R01 AG058854
Pays : United States
Organisme : Department of Health
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : P30 AG10133
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH117014
Pays : United States
Organisme : European Research Council
Pays : International
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : RO1HD050735
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH116147
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH129742
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH113619
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : R01 HD050735
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01MH117014
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1 TR000153
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : P30 AG072976
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH116147
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCRR NIH HHS
ID : U24 RR025736
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : R01 AG019771
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCRR NIH HHS
ID : UL1 RR025761
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : 496682
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : P30 AG010133
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : U01 AG068057
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : U54EB020403
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH104284
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH104284
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCRR NIH HHS
ID : NIH 1U24 RR025736-01
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCRR NIH HHS
ID : NIH 1U24 RR021992
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIBIB NIH HHS
ID : U54 EB020403
Pays : United States
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MC_PC_17209
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH113619
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : 1009064
Pays : United States
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : G0500092
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1 TR001414
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCRR NIH HHS
ID : U24 RR021992
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01MH042191
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH042191
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : R01 AG060610
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCI NIH HHS
ID : R01 CA101318
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCRR NIH HHS
ID : RR025761
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : R01 AG19771
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH119219
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH090553
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDA NIH HHS
ID : RC2 DA029475
Pays : United States

Informations de copyright

© 2021 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

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Auteurs

Sophia Frangou (S)

Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Amirhossein Modabbernia (A)

Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA.

Steven C R Williams (SCR)

Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.

Efstathios Papachristou (E)

Psychology and Human Development, Institute of Education, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

Gaelle E Doucet (GE)

Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.

Ingrid Agartz (I)

Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.

Moji Aghajani (M)

Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Section Forensic Family & Youth Care, Institute of Education & Child Studies, Leiden University, Netherlands.

Theophilus N Akudjedu (TN)

Institute of Medical Imaging and Visualisation, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom.
Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.

Anton Albajes-Eizagirre (A)

FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain.
Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.

Dag Alnaes (D)

Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Kathryn I Alpert (KI)

Radiologics, Inc, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.

Micael Andersson (M)

Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.

Nancy C Andreasen (NC)

Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.

Ole A Andreassen (OA)

Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Philip Asherson (P)

Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.

Tobias Banaschewski (T)

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.

Nuria Bargallo (N)

Imaging Diagnostic Centre, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona University Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institut (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.

Sarah Baumeister (S)

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.

Ramona Baur-Streubel (R)

Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.

Alessandro Bertolino (A)

Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.

Aurora Bonvino (A)

Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Dorret I Boomsma (DI)

Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Stefan Borgwardt (S)

Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

Josiane Bourque (J)

Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Daniel Brandeis (D)

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.

Alan Breier (A)

Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

Henry Brodaty (H)

Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.

Rachel M Brouwer (RM)

Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Jan K Buitelaar (JK)

Donders Center of Medical Neurosciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.

Geraldo F Busatto (GF)

Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Randy L Buckner (RL)

Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Vincent Calhoun (V)

Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, USA Neurology, Radiology, Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Erick J Canales-Rodríguez (EJ)

FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain.
Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.

Dara M Cannon (DM)

Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.

Xavier Caseras (X)

MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.

Francisco X Castellanos (FX)

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University, New York, New York, USA.

Simon Cervenka (S)

Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.

Tiffany M Chaim-Avancini (TM)

Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Christopher R K Ching (CRK)

Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA.

Victoria Chubar (V)

Mind-Body Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Vincent P Clark (VP)

Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.

Patricia Conrod (P)

Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.

Annette Conzelmann (A)

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

Benedicto Crespo-Facorro (B)

Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
HU Virgen del Rocio, IBiS, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.

Fabrice Crivello (F)

Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.

Eveline A Crone (EA)

Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Faculteit der Sociale Wetenschappen, Instituut Psychologie, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands.

Anders M Dale (AM)

Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, Department of Neuroscience, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.

Udo Dannlowski (U)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Germany.

Christopher Davey (C)

Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.

Eco J C de Geus (EJC)

Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Lieuwe de Haan (L)

Academisch Medisch Centrum, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Greig I de Zubicaray (GI)

Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia.

Anouk den Braber (A)

Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Erin W Dickie (EW)

Kimel Family Translational Imaging Genetics Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Campbell, Canada.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Annabella Di Giorgio (A)

Biological Psychiatry Lab, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.

Nhat Trung Doan (NT)

Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Erlend S Dørum (ES)

Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway.

Stefan Ehrlich (S)

Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Faculty of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

Susanne Erk (S)

Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Thomas Espeseth (T)

Biological Psychiatry Lab, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway.

Helena Fatouros-Bergman (H)

Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.

Simon E Fisher (SE)

Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands.

Jean-Paul Fouche (JP)

Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Barbara Franke (B)

Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.

Thomas Frodl (T)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.

Paola Fuentes-Claramonte (P)

FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain.
Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.

David C Glahn (DC)

Department of Psychiatry, Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Ian H Gotlib (IH)

Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.

Hans-Jörgen Grabe (HJ)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Oliver Grimm (O)

Department for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe Universitat, Frankfurt, Germany.

Nynke A Groenewold (NA)

Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Dominik Grotegerd (D)

Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Oliver Gruber (O)

Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.

Patricia Gruner (P)

Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Learning Based Recovery Center, VA Connecticut Health System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.

Rachel E Gur (RE)

Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Ruben C Gur (RC)

Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Tim Hahn (T)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Germany.

Ben J Harrison (BJ)

Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Center, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.

Catharine A Hartman (CA)

Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

Sean N Hatton (SN)

Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.

Andreas Heinz (A)

Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Dirk J Heslenfeld (DJ)

Departments of Experimental and Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Derrek P Hibar (DP)

Personalized Healthcare, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA.

Ian B Hickie (IB)

Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.

Beng-Choon Ho (BC)

Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.

Pieter J Hoekstra (PJ)

Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

Sarah Hohmann (S)

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.

Avram J Holmes (AJ)

Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

Martine Hoogman (M)

Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.

Norbert Hosten (N)

Norbert Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Fleur M Howells (FM)

Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol (HE)

Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Chaim Huyser (C)

De Bascule, Academic Centre for Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Neda Jahanshad (N)

Mind-Body Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Anthony James (A)

Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Terry L Jernigan (TL)

Center for Human Development, Departments of Cognitive Science, Psychiatry, and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.

Jiyang Jiang (J)

Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.

Erik G Jönsson (EG)

Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

John A Joska (JA)

Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Rene Kahn (R)

Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA.

Andrew Kalnin (A)

Department of Radiology, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Ryota Kanai (R)

Department of Neuroinformatics, Araya, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Marieke Klein (M)

Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.

Tatyana P Klyushnik (TP)

Mental Health Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

Laura Koenders (L)

Academisch Medisch Centrum, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Sanne Koops (S)

Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Bernd Krämer (B)

Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.

Jonna Kuntsi (J)

Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.

Jim Lagopoulos (J)

Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience, Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia.

Luisa Lázaro (L)

Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Irina Lebedeva (I)

Mental Health Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

Won Hee Lee (WH)

Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA.

Klaus-Peter Lesch (KP)

Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.

Christine Lochner (C)

SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.

Marise W J Machielsen (MWJ)

Academisch Medisch Centrum, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Sophie Maingault (S)

Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.

Nicholas G Martin (NG)

Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, Australia.

Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín (I)

Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

David Mataix-Cols (D)

Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.

Bernard Mazoyer (B)

Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.

Colm McDonald (C)

Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.

Brenna C McDonald (BC)

Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

Andrew M McIntosh (AM)

Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

Katie L McMahon (KL)

School of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia.

Genevieve McPhilemy (G)

Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.

Susanne Meinert (S)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Germany.

José M Menchón (JM)

Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Sarah E Medland (SE)

Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, Australia.

Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg (A)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.

Jilly Naaijen (J)

Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.

Pablo Najt (P)

Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.

Tomohiro Nakao (T)

Department of Clinical Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

Jan E Nordvik (JE)

CatoSenteret Rehabilitation Hospital, Son, Norway.

Lars Nyberg (L)

Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.

Jaap Oosterlaan (J)

Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Víctor Ortiz-García de la Foz (VO)

Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital "Marques de Valdecilla", Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.

Yannis Paloyelis (Y)

Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.

Paul Pauli (P)

Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Centre of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.

Giulio Pergola (G)

Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.

Edith Pomarol-Clotet (E)

FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain.
Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.

Maria J Portella (MJ)

FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Steven G Potkin (SG)

Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.

Joaquim Radua (J)

Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institut (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.

Andreas Reif (A)

Department for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe Universitat, Frankfurt, Germany.

Daniel A Rinker (DA)

Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Joshua L Roffman (JL)

Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Pedro G P Rosa (PGP)

Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Matthew D Sacchet (MD)

Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Perminder S Sachdev (PS)

Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.

Raymond Salvador (R)

FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain.

Pascual Sánchez-Juan (P)

Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital "Marques de Valdecilla", Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.
Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Valderrebollo, Spain.

Salvador Sarró (S)

FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain.

Theodore D Satterthwaite (TD)

Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Andrew J Saykin (AJ)

Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

Mauricio H Serpa (MH)

Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Lianne Schmaal (L)

Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia.
Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.

Knut Schnell (K)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.

Gunter Schumann (G)

Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.

Kang Sim (K)

Department of General Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.

Jordan W Smoller (JW)

Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Iris Sommer (I)

Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

Carles Soriano-Mas (C)

Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Dan J Stein (DJ)

SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.

Lachlan T Strike (LT)

Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.

Suzanne C Swagerman (SC)

Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Christian K Tamnes (CK)

Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Henk S Temmingh (HS)

Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Sophia I Thomopoulos (SI)

Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA.

Alexander S Tomyshev (AS)

Mental Health Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez (D)

FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain.
Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Cantabria, Spain.

Julian N Trollor (JN)

Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.

Jessica A Turner (JA)

College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Anne Uhlmann (A)

Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Odile A van den Heuvel (OA)

Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Dennis van den Meer (D)

Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.

Nic J A van der Wee (NJA)

Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.

Neeltje E M van Haren (NEM)

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Dennis van 't Ent (D)

Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Theo G M van Erp (TGM)

Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Institute of Community Medicine, University Medicine, Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Ilya M Veer (IM)

Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Dick J Veltman (DJ)

Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Aristotle Voineskos (A)

Kimel Family Translational Imaging Genetics Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Campbell, Canada.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Henry Völzke (H)

Institute of Community Medicine, University Medicine, Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Henrik Walter (H)

Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Esther Walton (E)

Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.

Lei Wang (L)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

Yang Wang (Y)

Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

Thomas H Wassink (TH)

Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.

Bernd Weber (B)

Institute for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.

Wei Wen (W)

Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.

John D West (JD)

Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

Lars T Westlye (LT)

Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Heather Whalley (H)

Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

Lara M Wierenga (LM)

Developmental and Educational Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.

Katharina Wittfeld (K)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Daniel H Wolf (DH)

Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Amanda Worker (A)

Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Margaret J Wright (MJ)

Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.

Kun Yang (K)

National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.

Yulyia Yoncheva (Y)

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Child Study Center, NYU Langone Health, New York City, New York, USA.

Marcus V Zanetti (MV)

Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil.

Georg C Ziegler (GC)

Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.

Paul M Thompson (PM)

Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA.

Danai Dima (D)

Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Social Sciences, City University of London, London, United Kingdom.

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