Risk factors for COVID-19 infection, disease severity and related deaths in Africa: a systematic review.

Africa / epidemiology COVID-19 / epidemiology Humans Risk Factors Severity of Illness Index
epidemiology public health respiratory medicine (see thoracic medicine)

Journal

BMJ open
ISSN: 2044-6055
Titre abrégé: BMJ Open
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101552874

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
18 02 2021
Historique:
entrez: 19 2 2021
pubmed: 20 2 2021
medline: 26 2 2021
Statut: epublish

Résumé

The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive evidence on risk factors for transmission, disease severity and COVID-19 related deaths in Africa. A systematic review has been conducted to synthesise existing evidence on risk factors affecting COVID-19 outcomes across Africa. Data were systematically searched from MEDLINE, Scopus, MedRxiv and BioRxiv. Studies for review were included if they were published in English and reported at least one risk factor and/or one health outcome. We included all relevant literature published up until 11 August 2020. We performed a systematic narrative synthesis to describe the available studies for each outcome. Data were extracted using a standardised Joanna Briggs Institute data extraction form. Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria of which four were exclusively on Africa and the remaining 11 papers had a global focus with some data from Africa. Higher rates of infection in Africa are associated with high population density, urbanisation, transport connectivity, high volume of tourism and international trade, and high level of economic and political openness. Limited or poor access to healthcare are also associated with higher COVID-19 infection rates. Older people and individuals with chronic conditions such as HIV, tuberculosis and anaemia experience severe forms COVID-19 leading to hospitalisation and death. Similarly, high burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, high prevalence of tobacco consumption and low levels of expenditure on health and low levels of global health security score contribute to COVID-19 related deaths. Demographic, institutional, ecological, health system and politico-economic factors influenced the spectrum of COVID-19 infection, severity and death. We recommend multidisciplinary and integrated approaches to mitigate the identified factors and strengthen effective prevention strategies.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044618 PMID: 33602714 PMC: PMC7896374
pubmed: 33602714
pii: bmjopen-2020-044618
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044618
pmc: PMC7896374
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Systematic Review

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

e044618

Informations de copyright

© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Competing interests: None declared.

Références

Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jul 1;724:138201
pubmed: 32408450
Lancet Microbe. 2020 May;1(1):e11
pubmed: 32835323
PLoS Med. 2009 Jul 21;6(7):e1000097
pubmed: 19621072
J Med Virol. 2020 Jul;92(7):719-725
pubmed: 32170865
J Clin Virol. 2020 May;126:104338
pubmed: 32278299
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2020 Sep 1;85(1):6-10
pubmed: 32568770
BMJ. 2020 Mar 26;368:m1091
pubmed: 32217556
Nat Med. 2020 Jun;26(6):855-860
pubmed: 32322102
Microbiol Aust. 2020 Mar 17;:MA20013
pubmed: 32226946
Nat Med. 2020 May;26(5):672-675
pubmed: 32296168
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jul 10;725:138436
pubmed: 32298883
AAS Open Res. 2020 Apr 17;3:4
pubmed: 32399515
Lancet. 2020 May 30;395(10238):1669
pubmed: 32473665
Crit Care. 2020 Mar 18;24(1):108
pubmed: 32188484
Eur Respir J. 2020 May 7;55(5):
pubmed: 32269084
J Travel Med. 2020 Aug 20;27(5):
pubmed: 32502274
Epidemiol Infect. 2020 Sep 02;148:e212
pubmed: 32873352
Lancet. 2020 Mar 28;395(10229):1054-1062
pubmed: 32171076
Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Jul 28;71(15):875-878
pubmed: 32227121
Genes Immun. 2020 Aug;21(4):269-272
pubmed: 32759995
Environ Health Perspect. 2020 Jun;128(6):69001
pubmed: 32543885
Lancet. 2020 Mar 7;395(10226):764-766
pubmed: 32105609
J Travel Med. 2020 May 18;27(3):
pubmed: 32227186
Can Respir J. 2020 Sep 5;2020:1401053
pubmed: 32934758
Int J Infect Dis. 2020 May;94:91-95
pubmed: 32173574
Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 Jun;26(6):1320-1323
pubmed: 32125269
PLoS One. 2020 Sep 23;15(9):e0239385
pubmed: 32966315
Nat Med. 2020 Aug;26(8):1205-1211
pubmed: 32546824
Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):507-513
pubmed: 32007143
BMJ Glob Health. 2020 May;5(5):
pubmed: 32451367

Auteurs

Hailay Abrha Gesesew (HA)

College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia hailushepi@gmail.com.
Scool of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3531-4400

Digsu Negese Koye (DN)

Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital and Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Dagnachew Muluye Fetene (DM)

Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Mulu Woldegiorgis (M)

Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Yohannes Kinfu (Y)

Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
College of Medicine, Doha, Qatar.

Ayele Bali Geleto (AB)

Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
School of Public Health, Haramaya University, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Harar, Ethiopia.

Yohannes Adama Melaku (YA)

College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3051-7313

Hassen Mohammed (H)

Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

Kefyalew Addis Alene (KA)

School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Mamaru Ayenew Awoke (MA)

School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.

Mulugeta Molla Birhanu (MM)

Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Saint Paul's Hospital, Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin (AT)

School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.

Yalemzewod Assefa Gelaw (YA)

Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Population Child Health Research Group, School of Women's & Children's Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Desalegn Markos Shifti (DM)

Saint Paul's Hospital, Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
ORCID: 0000-0001-6638-6194

Muluken Dessalegn Muluneh (MD)

School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith South, New South Wales, Australia.
Amref Health Africa in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Teketo Kassaw Tegegne (TK)

Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.

Solomon Abrha (S)

Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
Department of Pharmacology, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.

Atsede Fantahun Aregay (AF)

School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
School of Nursing, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.

Mohammed Biset Ayalew (MB)

Department of Pharmacy, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Abadi Kahsu Gebre (AK)

School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.

Kidane Tadesse Gebremariam (KT)

Scool of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Lifelong Health, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

Tesfaye Gebremedhin (T)

Canberra School of Politics, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.

Lemlem Gebremichael (L)

Department of Pharmacology, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

Cheru Tesema Leshargie (CT)

College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Getiye Dejenu Kibret (GD)

College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Maereg Wagnew Meazaw (MW)

Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.

Alemayehu Berhane Mekonnen (AB)

Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
School of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Dejen Yemane Tekle (DY)

Scool of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Azeb Gebresilassie Tesema (AG)

Scool of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Fisaha Haile Tesfay (FH)

Scool of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
School of Health and Social development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
ORCID: 0000-0003-0399-1711

Wubshet Tesfaye (W)

Health research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
ORCID: 0000-0001-7208-2330

Befikadu Legesse Wubishet (BL)

Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.

Berihun Assefa Dachew (BA)

School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
ORCID: 0000-0002-4041-6129

Akilew Awoke Adane (AA)

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.

Articles similaires

[Redispensing of expensive oral anticancer medicines: a practical application].

Lisanne N van Merendonk, Kübra Akgöl, Bastiaan Nuijen
1.00
Humans Antineoplastic Agents Administration, Oral Drug Costs Counterfeit Drugs

Smoking Cessation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.

Jun Hwan Cho, Seung Yong Shin, Hoseob Kim et al.
1.00
Humans Male Smoking Cessation Cardiovascular Diseases Female

Evaluation of Low-Value Services Across Major Medicare Advantage Insurers and Traditional Medicare.

Ciara Duggan, Adam L Beckman, Ishani Ganguli et al.
1.00
Humans United States Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Medicare Part C

Effectiveness of Virtual Yoga for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Hallie Tankha, Devyn Gaskins, Amanda Shallcross et al.
1.00
Humans Yoga Low Back Pain Female Male

Classifications MeSH

questionsmedicales.fr › Régions géographiques › Afrique › Risk factors for COVID-19 infection, disease...
questionsmedicales.fr › Maladies de l'appareil respiratoire › Infections de l'appareil respiratoire › Pneumopathie infectieuse › Pneumopathie virale › COVID-19 › Risk factors for COVID-19 infection, disease...
questionsmedicales.fr › Eucaryotes › Animaux › Chordés › Vertébrés › Mammifères › Eutheria › Primates › Haplorhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Humains › Risk factors for COVID-19 infection, disease...
questionsmedicales.fr › Environnement et santé publique › Santé publique › Méthodes épidémiologiques › Statistiques comme sujet › Probabilité › Risque › Facteurs de risque › Risk factors for COVID-19 infection, disease...
questionsmedicales.fr › Environnement et santé publique › Santé publique › Méthodes épidémiologiques › Collecte de données › Enquêtes et questionnaires › Enquêtes de santé › Indicateurs d'état de santé › Acuité des besoins du patient › Indice de gravité de la maladie › Risk factors for COVID-19 infection, disease...