Effects of copy number variations on brain structure and risk for psychiatric illness: Large-scale studies from the ENIGMA working groups on CNVs.


Journal

Human brain mapping
ISSN: 1097-0193
Titre abrégé: Hum Brain Mapp
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9419065

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
01 2022
Historique:
revised: 07 01 2021
received: 31 08 2020
accepted: 13 01 2021
pubmed: 23 2 2021
medline: 29 3 2022
entrez: 22 2 2021
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis copy number variant (ENIGMA-CNV) and 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Working Groups (22q-ENIGMA WGs) were created to gain insight into the involvement of genetic factors in human brain development and related cognitive, psychiatric and behavioral manifestations. To that end, the ENIGMA-CNV WG has collated CNV and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from ~49,000 individuals across 38 global research sites, yielding one of the largest studies to date on the effects of CNVs on brain structures in the general population. The 22q-ENIGMA WG includes 12 international research centers that assessed over 533 individuals with a confirmed 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, 40 with 22q11.2 duplications, and 333 typically developing controls, creating the largest-ever 22q11.2 CNV neuroimaging data set. In this review, we outline the ENIGMA infrastructure and procedures for multi-site analysis of CNVs and MRI data. So far, ENIGMA has identified effects of the 22q11.2, 16p11.2 distal, 15q11.2, and 1q21.1 distal CNVs on subcortical and cortical brain structures. Each CNV is associated with differences in cognitive, neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric traits, with characteristic patterns of brain structural abnormalities. Evidence of gene-dosage effects on distinct brain regions also emerged, providing further insight into genotype-phenotype relationships. Taken together, these results offer a more comprehensive picture of molecular mechanisms involved in typical and atypical brain development. This "genotype-first" approach also contributes to our understanding of the etiopathogenesis of brain disorders. Finally, we outline future directions to better understand effects of CNVs on brain structure and behavior.

Identifiants

pubmed: 33615640
doi: 10.1002/hbm.25354
pmc: PMC8675420
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

300-328

Subventions

Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : RC2 MH089951
Pays : United States
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/S003444/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : U01 MH119758
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : RC2 MH089995
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : T32 AG058507
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIBIB NIH HHS
ID : U54 EB020403
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH120174
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCRR NIH HHS
ID : C06 RR020547
Pays : United States
Organisme : MRF
ID : MRF_C0439
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH119185
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH090553
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIBIB NIH HHS
ID : P41 EB015922
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDA NIH HHS
ID : U24 DA041147
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : U01 MH087626
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : U01 MH119736
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : U01 MH119738
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH107108
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH094524
Pays : United States
Organisme : Department of Health
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH085953
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH078111
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH129742
Pays : United States
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
ID : 100,202/Z/12/Z
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : NIEHS NIH HHS
ID : K01 ES026840
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : U24 MH068457
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH078143
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : U54 EB020403
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH100900
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : U01 MH119737
Pays : United States
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : K01 MH112774
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : R01 AG058464
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH083824
Pays : United States
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/L010305/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : U01 MH101723
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : U01 MH087636
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : P01 HD070454
Pays : United States

Investigateurs

Manon Bernard (M)
Nicholas B Blackburn (NB)
Rune Bøen (R)
Eco de Geus (E)
Sonja M C de Zwarte (SMC)
Marta Di Forti (MD)
Oleksandr Frei (O)
Masaki Fukunaga (M)
Jayne Y Hehir-Kwa (JY)
Manon H J Hillegers (MHJ)
Per Hoffmann (P)
Georg Homuth (G)
Neda Jahanshad (N)
Sanne Koops (S)
Kuldeep Kumar (K)
Masataka Kikuchi (M)
Stephanie Le Hellard (S)
Costin Leu (C)
Robin M Murray (RM)
Terje Naerland (T)
Lars Nyberg (L)
Roel A Ophoff (RA)
G Bruce Pike (GB)
Sigrid B Sando (SB)
Jean Shin (J)
Elena Shumskaya (E)
Sanjay M Sisodiya (SM)
Vidar M Steen (VM)
Alexander Teumer (A)
Anne Uhlmann (A)
Margaret J Wright (MJ)
Kevin M Antshel (KM)
Linda E Campbell (LE)
Nicolas A Crossley (NA)
T Blaine Crowley (TB)
Eileen Daly (E)
Ania M Fiksinski (AM)
Jennifer K Forsyth (JK)
Wanda Fremont (W)
Naomi J Goodrich-Hunsaker (NJ)
Maria Gudbrandsen (M)
Rachel K Jonas (RK)
Wendy R Kates (WR)
Amy Lin (A)
Kathryn L McCabe (KL)
Hayley Moss (H)
Declan G Murphy (DG)
Kieran C Murphy (KC)
Michael J Owen (MJ)
Kosha Ruparel (K)
Tony J Simon (TJ)
Therese van Amelsvoort (T)
Jacob A S Vorstman (JAS)

Informations de copyright

© 2021 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

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Auteurs

Ida E Sønderby (IE)

Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Christopher R K Ching (CRK)

Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA.

Sophia I Thomopoulos (SI)

Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA.

Dennis van der Meer (D)

Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Daqiang Sun (D)

Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Department of Mental Health, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Julio E Villalon-Reina (JE)

Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA.

Ingrid Agartz (I)

NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Katrin Amunts (K)

Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
Cecile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.

Celso Arango (C)

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, IsSGM, Universidad Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.
Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.

Nicola J Armstrong (NJ)

Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.

Rosa Ayesa-Arriola (R)

Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.

Geor Bakker (G)

Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Anne S Bassett (AS)

Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Dalglish Family 22q Clinic for Adults with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Dorret I Boomsma (DI)

Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Robin Bülow (R)

Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Nancy J Butcher (NJ)

Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Vince D Calhoun (VD)

Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Svenja Caspers (S)

Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.

Eva W C Chow (EWC)

Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Sven Cichon (S)

Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Simone Ciufolini (S)

Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.

Michael C Craig (MC)

Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, The Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom.

Benedicto Crespo-Facorro (B)

HU Virgen del Rocio, IBIS, Universidad de Sevilla, CIBERSAM, Sevilla, Spain.

Adam C Cunningham (AC)

MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.

Anders M Dale (AM)

Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Department Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.

Paola Dazzan (P)

Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.

Greig I de Zubicaray (GI)

Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Srdjan Djurovic (S)

Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

Joanne L Doherty (JL)

MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff, United Kingdom.

Gary Donohoe (G)

Center for Neuroimaging, Genetics and Genomics, School of Psychology, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland.

Bogdan Draganski (B)

LREN, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University Hospital Lausanne and University Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Neurology Department, Max-Planck Institute for Human Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.

Courtney A Durdle (CA)

MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.

Stefan Ehrlich (S)

Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

Beverly S Emanuel (BS)

Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Thomas Espeseth (T)

Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Psychology, Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway.

Simon E Fisher (SE)

Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Tian Ge (T)

Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

David C Glahn (DC)

Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Hans J Grabe (HJ)

German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Raquel E Gur (RE)

Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Youth Suicide Prevention, Intervention and Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Boris A Gutman (BA)

Medical Imaging Research Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Jan Haavik (J)

Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.

Asta K Håberg (AK)

Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.

Laura A Hansen (LA)

Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Ryota Hashimoto (R)

Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.

Derrek P Hibar (DP)

Personalized Healthcare Analytics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA.

Avram J Holmes (AJ)

Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

Jouke-Jan Hottenga (JJ)

Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol (HE)

Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Maria Jalbrzikowski (M)

Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Emma E M Knowles (EEM)

Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Leila Kushan (L)

Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.

David E J Linden (DEJ)

School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.

Jingyu Liu (J)

Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Astri J Lundervold (AJ)

Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

Sandra Martin-Brevet (S)

LREN, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University Hospital Lausanne and University Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Kenia Martínez (K)

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, IsSGM, Universidad Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.
Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Karen A Mather (KA)

Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Samuel R Mathias (SR)

Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Donna M McDonald-McGinn (DM)

Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Division of Human Genetics and 22q and You Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Allan F McRae (AF)

Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Sarah E Medland (SE)

Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Torgeir Moberget (T)

Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Claudia Modenato (C)

LREN, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University Hospital Lausanne and University Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Jennifer Monereo Sánchez (J)

School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Clara A Moreau (CA)

Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Thomas W Mühleisen (TW)

Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
Cecile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Tomas Paus (T)

Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Zdenka Pausova (Z)

Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Carlos Prieto (C)

Bioinformatics Service, Nucleus, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.

Anjanibhargavi Ragothaman (A)

Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.

Céline S Reinbold (CS)

Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Tiago Reis Marques (T)

Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

Gabriela M Repetto (GM)

Center for Genetics and Genomics, Facultad de Medicina, Clinica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.

Alexandre Reymond (A)

Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

David R Roalf (DR)

Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Borja Rodriguez-Herreros (B)

Service de Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.

James J Rucker (JJ)

Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.

Perminder S Sachdev (PS)

Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

James E Schmitt (JE)

Department of Radiology and Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Peter R Schofield (PR)

Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Ana I Silva (AI)

Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Hreinn Stefansson (H)

Population Genomics, deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Dan J Stein (DJ)

SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Christian K Tamnes (CK)

Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez (D)

Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.

Magnus O Ulfarsson (MO)

Population Genomics, deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Ariana Vajdi (A)

Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Dennis van 't Ent (D)

Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Marianne B M van den Bree (MBM)

MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.

Evangelos Vassos (E)

Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.

Javier Vázquez-Bourgon (J)

Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.
School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.

Fidel Vila-Rodriguez (F)

Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

G Bragi Walters (GB)

Population Genomics, deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Wei Wen (W)

Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Lars T Westlye (LT)

KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

Katharina Wittfeld (K)

German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Elaine H Zackai (EH)

Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Kári Stefánsson (K)

Population Genomics, deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Sebastien Jacquemont (S)

Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Paul M Thompson (PM)

Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA.

Carrie E Bearden (CE)

Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Ole A Andreassen (OA)

Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

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