Menstrual hygiene management practices and associated health outcomes among school-going adolescents in rural Gambia.
Adolescent
Adult
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Gambia
/ epidemiology
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Humans
Hygiene
/ education
Menstrual Hygiene Products
Menstruation
Prevalence
Reproductive Tract Infections
/ epidemiology
Rural Population
Schools
Students
Surveys and Questionnaires
Young Adult
Journal
PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
Titre abrégé: PLoS One
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101285081
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2021
2021
Historique:
received:
25
05
2020
accepted:
10
02
2021
entrez:
25
2
2021
pubmed:
26
2
2021
medline:
1
9
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Inadequate menstrual hygiene management (MHM) practices have been associated with adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to describe MHM practices among schoolgirls from rural Gambia and assess risk factors associated with urogenital infections and depressive symptoms. A cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescent schoolgirls in thirteen schools in rural Gambia. A questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographics, MHM practices and clinical symptoms of reproductive and urinary tract infections (UTIs). A modified Beck Depression Inventory-II was used to screen for depressive symptoms. Mid-stream urine samples were collected to assess for UTIs. Modified Poisson regression analysis was used to determine risk factors for symptoms of urogenital infections and depression among adolescent girls. Three hundred and fifty-eight girls were recruited. Although, 63% of the girls attended schools providing free disposable pads, reusable cloths/towels were the commonest absorbent materials used. Heavy menstrual bleeding was associated with depressive symptoms (adjusted prevalence ratio, aPR 1.4 [95% CI 1.0, 1.9]), while extreme menstrual pain (aPR 1.3 [95% CI 1.2, 1,4]), accessing sanitary pads in school (aPR 1.4 [95% CI 1.2, 1.5]) and less access to functional water source at school (aPR 1.4 [95% CI 1.3, 1.6]) were associated with UTI symptoms. Conversely, privacy in school toilets (aPR 0.6 [95% CI 0.5, 0.7]) was protective for UTI symptoms. Heavy menstrual bleeding (aPR 1.4 [95% CI 1.1, 2.0]) and taking <30 minutes to collect water at home were associated with RTI symptoms (aPR 1.2 [95% CI 1.0, 1.5]) while availability of soap in school toilets (aPR 0.6 [95% CI 0.5, 0.8] was protective for RTI symptoms. Interventions to ensure that schoolgirls have access to private sanitation facilities with water and soap both at school and at home could reduce UTI and RTI symptoms. More attention is also needed to support girls with heavy menstrual bleeding and pain symptoms.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33630924
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247554
pii: PONE-D-20-15732
pmc: PMC7906402
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e0247554Subventions
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/N027744/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Références
BMJ Open. 2016 Mar 02;6(3):e010290
pubmed: 26936906
Sex Transm Infect. 2005 Jun;81(3):242-7
pubmed: 15923295
BMJ Open. 2016 Nov 23;6(11):e013229
pubmed: 27881530
BMC Infect Dis. 2018 Sep 21;18(1):473
pubmed: 30241498
Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Apr 1;159(7):702-6
pubmed: 15033648
Health Care Women Int. 2013 Oct;34(10):891-916
pubmed: 23570366
PLoS One. 2018 Jun 29;13(6):e0199750
pubmed: 29958268
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2006 Sep;41(9):720-7
pubmed: 16794765
BMJ Glob Health. 2017 Oct 9;2(4):e000414
pubmed: 29071131
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2015 Oct;24(10):801-11
pubmed: 26296186
Lancet. 2001 Apr 14;357(9263):1161-7
pubmed: 11323043
Am J Public Health. 2015 Jul;105(7):1302-11
pubmed: 25973831
PLoS One. 2019 Aug 16;14(8):e0221053
pubmed: 31419238
PLoS Med. 2016 Feb 23;13(2):e1001962
pubmed: 26908274
Sex Transm Infect. 2016 Jun;92(4):251-6
pubmed: 26819339
PLoS One. 2015 Jun 30;10(6):e0130777
pubmed: 26125184
BMC Public Health. 2019 Jan 5;19(1):16
pubmed: 30611223
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Aug 07;15(8):
pubmed: 30087298
BMJ Glob Health. 2017 Jul 27;2(2):e000405
pubmed: 29225941
Lancet. 2012 Mar 17;379(9820):1056-67
pubmed: 22305766
BMC Public Health. 2019 Mar 7;19(1):277
pubmed: 30845945
PLoS Med. 2012;9(12):e1001356
pubmed: 23271957
BMC Med Ethics. 2019 Jun 14;20(1):41
pubmed: 31200697
Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2018 Aug;2(8):e17
pubmed: 30119723
Trop Med Int Health. 2018 Dec;23(12):1350-1363
pubmed: 30286270
Int J Womens Health. 2013 Jun 17;5:323-31
pubmed: 23843705
Pediatr Nephrol. 2011 Nov;26(11):1967-76
pubmed: 21409431
Arch Dis Child. 2013 Aug;98(8):629-34
pubmed: 23761692
Demography. 2001 Feb;38(1):115-32
pubmed: 11227840
Am J Prev Med. 2006 Dec;31(6 Suppl 1):S104-25
pubmed: 17175406
J Urban Health. 2017 Dec;94(6):835-846
pubmed: 28875308
BMJ Open. 2016 Dec 30;6(12):e012596
pubmed: 28039290
Int J Epidemiol. 2017 Apr 1;46(2):e13
pubmed: 26559544
PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e48274
pubmed: 23118968
Lancet. 1985 Sep 14;2(8455):596-8
pubmed: 2863605
PLoS One. 2017 Dec 5;12(12):e0188234
pubmed: 29206842
Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2016 Oct 26;10:39
pubmed: 27800012
J Int AIDS Soc. 2014 Jul 30;17:18965
pubmed: 25085002
BMC Womens Health. 2018 Jan 03;18(1):4
pubmed: 29298699
Health Policy Plan. 2006 Nov;21(6):459-68
pubmed: 17030551
Glob Health Action. 2016 Dec 08;9:33032
pubmed: 27938648