Stimulating meditation: a pre-registered randomised controlled experiment combining a single dose of the cognitive enhancer, modafinil, with brief mindfulness training.
Adolescent
Adult
Attention
/ drug effects
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
/ therapy
Combined Modality Therapy
Double-Blind Method
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Male
Meditation
/ methods
Mindfulness
/ methods
Modafinil
/ administration & dosage
Nootropic Agents
/ administration & dosage
Young Adult
Mindfulness
attention
cognitive enhancement
mind wandering
modafinil
Journal
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)
ISSN: 1461-7285
Titre abrégé: J Psychopharmacol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8907828
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jun 2021
Jun 2021
Historique:
pubmed:
2
3
2021
medline:
27
1
2022
entrez:
1
3
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Mindfulness-meditation has a variety of benefits on well-being. However, individuals with primary attentional impairments (e.g. attention deficit disorder) or attentional symptoms secondary to anxiety, depression or addiction, may be less likely to benefit, and require additional mindfulness-augmenting strategies. To determine whether a single dose of the cognitive enhancer, modafinil, acutely increases subjective and behavioural indices of mindfulness, and augments brief mindfulness training. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 (drug: placebo, modafinil) × 2 (strategy: mindfulness, relaxation control) experiment was conducted. Seventy-nine meditation-naïve participants were assigned to: placebo-relaxation, placebo-mindfulness, modafinil-relaxation or modafinil-mindfulness. Pre-drug, post-drug and post-strategy state mindfulness, affect and autonomic activity, along with post-strategy sustained attention and mind-wandering were assessed within a single lab session. After the session, participants were instructed to practice their assigned behavioural strategy daily for one week, with no further drug administration, after which, follow-up measures were taken. As predicted, modafinil acutely increased state mindfulness and improved sustained attention. Differential acute strategy effects were found following mindfulness on autonomic activity but not state mindfulness. There were no strategy or drug effects on mind-wandering. However, exploratory analyses indicated that participants receiving modafinil engaged in more strategy practice across strategy conditions during follow-up. Modafinil acutely mimicked the effects of brief mindfulness training on state mindfulness but did not enhance the effects of this training. Limitations of the current study, and recommendations for future research examining modafinil as an adjunct to mindfulness- (or relaxation-) based treatments are discussed.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Mindfulness-meditation has a variety of benefits on well-being. However, individuals with primary attentional impairments (e.g. attention deficit disorder) or attentional symptoms secondary to anxiety, depression or addiction, may be less likely to benefit, and require additional mindfulness-augmenting strategies.
AIMS
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether a single dose of the cognitive enhancer, modafinil, acutely increases subjective and behavioural indices of mindfulness, and augments brief mindfulness training.
METHODS
METHODS
A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 (drug: placebo, modafinil) × 2 (strategy: mindfulness, relaxation control) experiment was conducted. Seventy-nine meditation-naïve participants were assigned to: placebo-relaxation, placebo-mindfulness, modafinil-relaxation or modafinil-mindfulness. Pre-drug, post-drug and post-strategy state mindfulness, affect and autonomic activity, along with post-strategy sustained attention and mind-wandering were assessed within a single lab session. After the session, participants were instructed to practice their assigned behavioural strategy daily for one week, with no further drug administration, after which, follow-up measures were taken.
RESULTS
RESULTS
As predicted, modafinil acutely increased state mindfulness and improved sustained attention. Differential acute strategy effects were found following mindfulness on autonomic activity but not state mindfulness. There were no strategy or drug effects on mind-wandering. However, exploratory analyses indicated that participants receiving modafinil engaged in more strategy practice across strategy conditions during follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Modafinil acutely mimicked the effects of brief mindfulness training on state mindfulness but did not enhance the effects of this training. Limitations of the current study, and recommendations for future research examining modafinil as an adjunct to mindfulness- (or relaxation-) based treatments are discussed.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33645313
doi: 10.1177/0269881121991835
pmc: PMC8278547
doi:
Substances chimiques
Nootropic Agents
0
Modafinil
R3UK8X3U3D
Types de publication
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
621-630Références
Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2017 Nov 1;20(11):936-947
pubmed: 29016995
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Nov;319(2):561-9
pubmed: 16885432
Clin Psychol Rev. 2018 Feb;59:52-60
pubmed: 29126747
Behav Res Ther. 1995 Mar;33(3):335-43
pubmed: 7726811
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2018 Jul;86(7):569-583
pubmed: 29939051
Mindfulness (N Y). 2018;9(3):980-992
pubmed: 29875884
Annu Rev Neurosci. 1990;13:25-42
pubmed: 2183676
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2013 May;227(1):177-92
pubmed: 23271193
Emotion. 2007 May;7(2):336-53
pubmed: 17516812
Pharmacol Res. 2010 Sep;62(3):187-206
pubmed: 20416377
Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2018 Feb;19:98-104
pubmed: 29333483
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2019 Jun;43(6):1296-1307
pubmed: 30977904
Emotion. 2012 Jun;12(3):442-448
pubmed: 22309719
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988 Jun;54(6):1063-70
pubmed: 3397865
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2005 Sep;181(3):537-49
pubmed: 15983798
Conscious Cogn. 2020 Sep;84:102991
pubmed: 32739799
Sleep Med. 2003 Sep;4(5):393-402
pubmed: 14592280
Mindfulness (N Y). 2018;9(5):1402-1410
pubmed: 30294387
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2000 Jun;31(2):73-86
pubmed: 11132119
JAMA Psychiatry. 2014 May;71(5):547-56
pubmed: 24647726
J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007 Feb;27(1):76-9
pubmed: 17224718
Trends Cogn Sci. 2008 Apr;12(4):163-9
pubmed: 18329323
Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2015 Nov;25(11):1865-81
pubmed: 26381811
Assessment. 2006 Mar;13(1):27-45
pubmed: 16443717
Psychol Assess. 2013 Dec;25(4):1286-99
pubmed: 24059475
Behav Res Ther. 2015 Jun;69:29-39
pubmed: 25863600
Behav Res Ther. 2006 Dec;44(12):1849-58
pubmed: 16460668
J Psychopharmacol. 2015 Sep;29(9):961-70
pubmed: 25990558
Behav Brain Funct. 2010 Jul 29;6:47
pubmed: 20670413
Int J Psychophysiol. 2013 Sep;89(3):305-13
pubmed: 23797150
Sleep Med. 2020 Apr;68:97-109
pubmed: 32032921
Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2014;113(1):210-20
pubmed: 24054542
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2013 Jan;8(1):15-26
pubmed: 22689216
Mindfulness (N Y). 2018;9(4):1134-1145
pubmed: 30100932
Behav Res Ther. 2009 May;47(5):366-73
pubmed: 19249017
Behav Res Methods. 2014 Mar;46(1):140-7
pubmed: 23709163