Clinical Manifestation, Evaluation, and Rehabilitative Strategy of Dysphagia Associated With COVID-19.
Journal
American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
ISSN: 1537-7385
Titre abrégé: Am J Phys Med Rehabil
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8803677
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 05 2021
01 05 2021
Historique:
pubmed:
4
3
2021
medline:
16
4
2021
entrez:
3
3
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Dysphagia is the difficulty in swallowing because of the presence of certain diseases; it particularly compromises the oral and/or pharyngeal stages. In severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, neuromuscular complications, prolonged bed rest, and endotracheal intubation target different levels of the swallowing network. Thus, critically ill patients are prone to dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia. In this review, we first discuss the possible cause and pathophysiology underlying dysphagia associated with coronavirus disease 2019, including cerebrovascular events, such as stroke, encephalomyelitis, encephalopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and myositis, that may lead to the dysphagia reported as a complication associated with the coronavirus disease 2019. Next, we present some recommendations for dysphagia evaluation with modifications that would allow a safe and comprehensive assessment based on available evidence to date, including critical considerations of the appropriate use of personal protective equipment and optimization individual's noninstrumental swallowing tasks evaluation, while preserving instrumental assessments for urgent cases only. Finally, we discuss a practical managing strategy for dysphagia rehabilitation to ensure safe and efficient practice in the risks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 exposure, in which swallowing therapy using newer technology, such as telerehabilitation system or wearable device, would be considered as a useful option.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33657028
doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000001735
pii: 00002060-202105000-00003
pmc: PMC8032217
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
424-431Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Financial disclosure statements have been obtained, and no conflicts of interest have been reported by the authors or by any individuals in control of the content of this article.
Références
Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Cardona-Ospina JA, Gutierrez-Ocampo E, et al.: Clinical, laboratory and imaging features of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020;34:101623
Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, et al.: Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol 2020;77:683–90
Zubair AS, McAlpine LS, Gardin T, et al.: Neuropathogenesis and neurologic manifestations of the coronaviruses in the age of coronavirus disease 2019: a review. JAMA Neurol 2020;77:1018–27
Toscano G, Palmerini F, Ravaglia S, et al.: Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2. N Engl J Med 2020;382:2574–6
Li Z, Liu T, Yang N, et al.: Neurological manifestations of patients with COVID-19: potential routes of SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion from the periphery to the brain. Front Med 2020;14:533–41
Aoyagi Y, Ohashi M, Funahashi R, et al.: Oropharyngeal dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia following coronavirus disease 2019: a case report. Dysphagia 2020;35:545–8
Kunieda K, Fujishima I, Wakabayashi H, et al.: Relationship between tongue pressure and pharyngeal function assessed using high-resolution manometry in older dysphagia patients with sarcopenia: a pilot study. Dysphagia 2021;36:33–40
Ney DM, Weiss JM, Kind AJ, et al.: Senescent swallowing: impact, strategies, and interventions. Nutr Clin Pract 2009;24:395–413
Frajkova Z, Tedla M, Tedlova E, et al.: Postintubation dysphagia during COVID-19 outbreak-contemporary review. Dysphagia 2020;35:549–57
Schar MS, Omari TI, Fraser RJ, et al.: Disordered swallowing associated with prolonged oral endotracheal intubation in critical illness. Intensive Care Med 2020;46:140–2
Brodsky MB, Huang M, Shanholtz C, et al.: Recovery from dysphagia symptoms after oral endotracheal intubation in acute respiratory distress syndrome survivors. A 5-year longitudinal study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2017;14:376–83
Oxley TJ, Mocco J, Majidi S, et al.: Large-vessel stroke as a presenting feature of Covid-19 in the young. N Engl J Med 2020;382:e60
Merkler AE, Parikh NS, Mir S, et al.: Risk of ischemic stroke in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vs patients with influenza. JAMA Neurol 2020;77:1366
Varatharaj A, Thomas N, Ellul MA, et al.: Neurological and neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19 in 153 patients: a UK-wide surveillance study. Lancet Psychiatry 2020;7:875–82
Daniels SK, Brailey K, Priestly DH, et al.: Aspiration in patients with acute stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998;79:14–9
Mann G, Hankey GJ, Cameron D: Swallowing function after stroke: prognosis and prognostic factors at 6 months. Stroke 1999;30:744–8
Smithard DG, O’Neill PA, Parks C, et al.: Complications and outcome after acute stroke. Does dysphagia matter? Stroke 1996;27:1200–4
Paciaroni M, Mazzotta G, Corea F, et al.: Dysphagia following stroke. Eur Neurol 2004;51:162–7
von Weyhern CH, Kaufmann I, Neff F, et al.: Early evidence of pronounced brain involvement in fatal COVID-19 outcomes. Lancet 2020;395:e109
Dalakas MC: Guillain-Barre syndrome: the first documented COVID-19-triggered autoimmune neurologic disease: more to come with myositis in the offing. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2020;7:e781
Roman GC, Spencer PS, Reis J, et al.: The neurology of COVID-19 revisited: a proposal from the Environmental Neurology Specialty Group of the World Federation of Neurology to implement international neurological registries. J Neurol Sci 2020;414:116884
Spannella F, Ristori L, Giulietti F, et al.: A 95-year-old patient with unexpected coronavirus disease 2019 masked by aspiration pneumonia: a case report. J Med Case Reports 2020;14:82
Pan L, Mu M, Yang P, et al.: Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with digestive symptoms in Hubei, China: a descriptive, cross-sectional multicenter study. Am J Gastroenterol 2020;115:766–73
Mao R, Qiu Y, He JS, et al.: Manifestations and prognosis of gastrointestinal and liver involvement in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;5:667–78
Brodsky MB, Nollet JL, Spronk PE, et al.: Prevalence, pathophysiology, diagnostic modalities and treatment options for dysphagia in critically ill patients. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2020;99:1164–70
Chaumont H, San-Galli A, Martino F, et al.: Mixed central and peripheral nervous system disorders in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Neurol 2020;267:3121–7
He X, Lau EHY, Wu P, et al.: Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19. Nat Med 2020;26:672–5
Yamamoto S: Coronavirus spreads through hospitals in Japan. NHK. Available at: https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/backstories/1055/ . Published 2020. Accessed July 5, 2020
Zou L, Ruan F, Huang M, et al.: SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients. N Engl J Med 2020;382:1177–9
Fairchild CI, Stampfer JF: Particle concentration in exhaled breath. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1987;48:948–9
Moriarty JA, Grotberg JB: Flow-induced instabilities of a mucus–serous bilayer. J Fluid Mech 1999;397:1–22
Papineni RS, Rosenthal FS: The size distribution of droplets in the exhaled breath of healthy human subjects. J Aerosol Med 1997;10:105–16
Morawska L, Milton DK: It is time to address airborne transmission of COVID-19. Clin Infect Dis 2020;71:2311–3
Santarpia JL, Rivera DN, Herrera V, et al.: Aerosol and surface transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2. medRxiv 2020
van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Morris DH, et al.: Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1. N Engl J Med 2020;382:1564–7
World Health Organization: Rational use of personal protective equipment for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and considerations during severe shortages Interim guidance 6 April 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/rational-use-of-personal-protective-equipment-for-coronavirus-disease- (covid-19)-and-considerations-during-severe-shortages. Published 2020. Accessed July 5, 2020
World Health Organization: Infection prevention and control during health carevwhen coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is suspectedvor confirmed Interim guidance, 29 June 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-IPC-2020.4 . Published 2020. Accessed 5 July, 2020
Liu M, Cheng SZ, Xu KW, et al.: Use of personal protective equipment against coronavirus disease 2019 by healthcare professionals in Wuhan, China: cross sectional study. BMJ 2020;369:m2195
CSO-HNS Executive Committee: Guidance for health care workers performing aerosol generating medical procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Available at: https://www.entcanada.org/wp-content/uploads/Protocol-for-COVID-and-AGMP-3-iw-mailer.pdf . Published 2020. Accessed June 29, 2020
Aiello AE, Perez V, Coulborn RM, et al.: Facemasks, hand hygiene, and influenza among young adults: a randomized intervention trial. PLoS One 2012;7:e29744
Zhang R, Li Y, Zhang AL, et al.: Identifying airborne transmission as the dominant route for the spread of COVID-19. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020;117:14857–63
Lindsley WG, Noti JD, Blachere FM, et al.: Efficacy of face shields against cough aerosol droplets from a cough simulator. J Occup Environ Hyg 2014;11:509–18
Oguchi K, Saitoh E, Baba M, et al.: The repetitive saliva swallowing test (RSST) as a screening test of functional dysphagia (2) validity of RSST [In Japanese. Abstract in English]. Jpn J Rehabil Med 2000;37:383–8
Belafsky PC, Mouadeb DA, Rees CJ, et al.: Validity and reliability of the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10). Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2008;117:919–24
Persson E, Wardh I, Ostberg P: Repetitive saliva swallowing test: norms, clinical relevance and the impact of saliva secretion. Dysphagia 2019;34:271–8
Macht M, White SD, Moss M: Swallowing dysfunction after critical illness. Chest 2014;146:1681–9
Johnson KL, Speirs L, Mitchell A, et al.: Validation of a postextubation dysphagia screening tool for patients after prolonged endotracheal intubation. Am J Crit Care 2018;27:89–96
Bolton L, Mills C, Wallace S, et al.; Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists (RCSLT) COVID-19 Advisory Group: Aerosol generating procedures, dysphagia assessment and COVID-19: a rapid review. Int J Lang Commun Disord 2020;55:629–36
Soldatova L, Williams C, Postma GN, et al.: Virtual dysphagia evaluation: practical guidelines for dysphagia management in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020;163:455–8
Ku PKM, Holsinger FC, Chan JYK, et al.: Management of dysphagia in the patient with head and neck cancer during COVID-19 pandemic: practical strategy. Head Neck 2020;42:1491–6
Fritz MA, Howell RJ, Brodsky MB, et al.: Moving forward with dysphagia care: implementing strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Dysphagia 2020. doi: 10.1007/s00455-020-10144-9
doi: 10.1007/s00455-020-10144-9
Zaga CJ, Pandian V, Brodsky MB, et al.: Speech-language pathology guidance for tracheostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic: an international multidisciplinary perspective. Am J Speech Lang Pathol 2020;29:1320–34
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association: ASHA guidance to SLPs regarding aerosol generating procedures. Available at: https://www.asha.org/SLP/healthcare/ASHA-Guidance-to-SLPs-Regarding-Aerosol-Generating-Procedures/ . Published 2020. Accessed July 25, 2020
Japanese Society of Dysphagia Rehabilitation: Reminder for COVID-19 (in Japanese). Available at: https://www.jsdr.or.jp/wp-content/uploads/file/news/news_20200420-2.pdf . Published 2020. Accessed June 28, 2020
Clawson B, Selden M, Lacks M, et al.: Complex pediatric feeding disorders: using teleconferencing technology to improve access to a treatment program. Pediatr Nurs 2008;34:213–6
Manor Y, Mootanah R, Freud D, et al.: Video-assisted swallowing therapy for patients with Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2013;19:207–11
Wall LR, Ward EC, Cartmill B, et al.: Adherence to a prophylactic swallowing therapy program during (chemo) radiotherapy: impact of service-delivery model and patient factors. Dysphagia 2017;32:279–92
Mukaino M, Tatemoto T, Kumazawa N, et al.: Staying active in isolation: telerehabilitation for individuals with the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2020;99:478–9
Ward EC, Burns CL, Theodoros DG, et al.: Impact of dysphagia severity on clinical decision making via telerehabilitation. Telemed J E Health 2014;20:296–303