2020 update on the clinical validity of cerebrospinal fluid amyloid, tau, and phospho-tau as biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in the context of a structured 5-phase development framework.
Alzheimer’s disease
Aβ42
CSF
P-tau
T-tau
strategic roadmap
Journal
European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging
ISSN: 1619-7089
Titre abrégé: Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 101140988
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
07 2021
07 2021
Historique:
received:
12
10
2020
accepted:
11
02
2021
pubmed:
7
3
2021
medline:
29
6
2021
entrez:
6
3
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
In the last decade, the research community has focused on defining reliable biomarkers for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. In 2017, the Geneva AD Biomarker Roadmap Initiative adapted a framework for the systematic validation of oncological biomarkers to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers-encompassing the 42 amino-acid isoform of amyloid-β (Aβ42), phosphorylated-tau (P-tau), and Total-tau (T-tau)-with the aim to accelerate their development and clinical implementation. The aim of this work is to update the current validation status of CSF AD biomarkers based on the Biomarker Roadmap methodology. A panel of experts in AD biomarkers convened in November 2019 at a 2-day workshop in Geneva. The level of maturity (fully achieved, partly achieved, preliminary evidence, not achieved, unsuccessful) of CSF AD biomarkers was assessed based on the Biomarker Roadmap methodology before the meeting and presented and discussed during the workshop. By comparison to the previous 2017 Geneva Roadmap meeting, the primary advances in CSF AD biomarkers have been in the area of a unified protocol for CSF sampling, handling and storage, the introduction of certified reference methods and materials for Aβ42, and the introduction of fully automated assays. Additional advances have occurred in the form of defining thresholds for biomarker positivity and assessing the impact of covariates on their discriminatory ability. Though much has been achieved for phases one through three, much work remains in phases four (real world performance) and five (assessment of impact/cost). To a large degree, this will depend on the availability of disease-modifying treatments for AD, given these will make accurate and generally available diagnostic tools key to initiate therapy.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33674895
doi: 10.1007/s00259-021-05258-7
pii: 10.1007/s00259-021-05258-7
pmc: PMC8175301
doi:
Substances chimiques
Amyloid beta-Peptides
0
Biomarkers
0
Peptide Fragments
0
tau Proteins
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2121-2139Références
Pepe MS, Etzioni R, Feng Z, Potter JD, Thompson ML, Thornquist M, et al. Phases of biomarker development for early detection of cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001;93:1054–61. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/93.14.1054 .
doi: 10.1093/jnci/93.14.1054
pubmed: 11459866
Boccardi M, Gallo V, Yasui Y, Vineis P, Padovani A, Mosimann U, et al. The biomarker-based diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. 2-lessons from oncology. Neurobiol Aging. 2017;52:141–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.01.021 .
doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.01.021
pubmed: 28317645
Frisoni GB, Perani D, Bastianello S, Bernardi G, Porteri C, Boccardi M, et al. Biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease in clinical practice: an Italian intersocietal roadmap. Neurobiol Aging. 2017;52:119–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.02.033 .
doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.02.033
pubmed: 28317643
Cerami C, Dubois B, Boccardi M, Monsch AU, Demonet JF, Cappa SF, et al. Clinical validity of delayed recall tests as a gateway biomarker for Alzheimer's disease in the context of a structured 5-phase development framework. Neurobiol Aging. 2017;52:153–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.03.034 .
doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.03.034
pubmed: 28317646
Ten Kate M, Barkhof F, Boccardi M, Visser PJ, Jack CR Jr, Lovblad KO, et al. Clinical validity of medial temporal atrophy as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease in the context of a structured 5-phase development framework. Neurobiol Aging. 2017;52:167–82 e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.05.024 .
doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.05.024
pubmed: 28317647
Garibotto V, Herholz K, Boccardi M, Picco A, Varrone A, Nordberg A, et al. Clinical validity of brain fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease in the context of a structured 5-phase development framework. Neurobiol Aging. 2017;52:183–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.03.033 .
doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.03.033
pubmed: 28317648
Chiotis K, Saint-Aubert L, Boccardi M, Gietl A, Picco A, Varrone A, et al. Clinical validity of increased cortical uptake of amyloid ligands on PET as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease in the context of a structured 5-phase development framework. Neurobiol Aging. 2017;52:214–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.07.012 .
doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.07.012
pubmed: 28317650
Sonni I, Ratib O, Boccardi M, Picco A, Herholz K, Nobili F, et al. Clinical validity of presynaptic dopaminergic imaging with (123)I-ioflupane and noradrenergic imaging with (123)I-MIBG in the differential diagnosis between Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies in the context of a structured 5-phase development framework. Neurobiol Aging. 2017;52:228–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.04.026 .
doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.04.026
pubmed: 28317651
Mattsson N, Lonneborg A, Boccardi M, Blennow K, Hansson O. Geneva Task Force for the Roadmap of Alzheimer's B. Clinical validity of cerebrospinal fluid Abeta42, tau, and phospho-tau as biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in the context of a structured 5-phase development framework. Neurobiol Aging. 2017;52:196–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.02.034 .
doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.02.034
pubmed: 28317649
Jack CR Jr, Bennett DA, Blennow K, Carrillo MC, Dunn B, Haeberlein SB, et al. NIA-AA Research Framework: toward a biological definition of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2018;14:535–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2018.02.018 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.02.018
pubmed: 29653606
pmcid: 5958625
McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology. 1984;34:939–44. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.34.7.939 .
doi: 10.1212/wnl.34.7.939
pubmed: 6610841
Beach TG, Monsell SE, Phillips LE, Kukull W. Accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease at National Institute on Aging Alzheimer Disease Centers, 2005-2010. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2012;71:266–73. https://doi.org/10.1097/NEN.0b013e31824b211b .
doi: 10.1097/NEN.0b013e31824b211b
pubmed: 22437338
pmcid: 3331862
James BD, Wilson RS, Boyle PA, Trojanowski JQ, Bennett DA, Schneider JA. TDP-43 stage, mixed pathologies, and clinical Alzheimer's-type dementia. Brain. 2016;139:2983–93. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/aww224 .
doi: 10.1093/brain/aww224
pubmed: 27694152
pmcid: 5091047
Kovacs GG, Milenkovic I, Wohrer A, Hoftberger R, Gelpi E, Haberler C, et al. Non-Alzheimer neurodegenerative pathologies and their combinations are more frequent than commonly believed in the elderly brain: a community-based autopsy series. Acta Neuropathol. 2013;126:365–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-013-1157-y .
doi: 10.1007/s00401-013-1157-y
pubmed: 23900711
Bennett DA, Wilson RS, Schneider JA, Evans DA, Beckett LA, Aggarwal NT, et al. Natural history of mild cognitive impairment in older persons. Neurology. 2002;59:198–205. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.59.2.198 .
doi: 10.1212/wnl.59.2.198
pubmed: 12136057
Jack CR Jr, Lowe VJ, Senjem ML, Weigand SD, Kemp BJ, Shiung MM, et al. 11C PiB and structural MRI provide complementary information in imaging of Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Brain. 2008;131:665–80. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awm336 .
doi: 10.1093/brain/awm336
pubmed: 18263627
pmcid: 2730157
Rowe CC, Ellis KA, Rimajova M, Bourgeat P, Pike KE, Jones G, et al. Amyloid imaging results from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study of aging. Neurobiol Aging. 2010;31:1275–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.04.007 .
doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.04.007
pubmed: 20472326
Dubois B, Feldman HH, Jacova C, Hampel H, Molinuevo JL, Blennow K, et al. Advancing research diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease: the IWG-2 criteria. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13:614–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70090-0 .
doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70090-0
pubmed: 24849862
Albert MS, DeKosky ST, Dickson D, Dubois B, Feldman HH, Fox NC, et al. The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7:270–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.008 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.008
pubmed: 21514249
pmcid: 3312027
Guyatt G, Oxman AD, Akl EA, Kunz R, Vist G, Brozek J, et al. GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64:383–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026
pubmed: 21195583
Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist G, Kunz R, Brozek J, Alonso-Coello P, et al. GRADE guidelines: 4. Rating the quality of evidence--study limitations (risk of bias). J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64:407–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.07.017 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.07.017
pubmed: 21247734
Boulo S, Kuhlmann J, Andreasson U, Brix B, Venkataraman I, Herbst V, et al. First amyloid beta1-42 certified reference material for re-calibrating commercial immunoassays. Alzheimers Dement. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12145 .
Vanderstichele H, Bibl M, Engelborghs S, Le Bastard N, Lewczuk P, Molinuevo JL, et al. Standardization of preanalytical aspects of cerebrospinal fluid biomarker testing for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis: a consensus paper from the Alzheimer's Biomarkers Standardization Initiative. Alzheimers Dement. 2012;8:65–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2011.07.004 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.07.004
pubmed: 22047631
Willemse E, van Uffelen K, Brix B, Engelborghs S, Vanderstichele H, Teunissen C. How to handle adsorption of cerebrospinal fluid amyloid beta (1-42) in laboratory practice? Identifying problematic handlings and resolving the issue by use of the Abeta42/Abeta40 ratio. Alzheimers Dement. 2017;13:885–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2017.01.010 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.01.010
pubmed: 28222302
del Campo M, Mollenhauer B, Bertolotto A, Engelborghs S, Hampel H, Simonsen AH, et al. Recommendations to standardize preanalytical confounding factors in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers: an update. Biomark Med. 2012;6:419–30. https://doi.org/10.2217/bmm.12.46 .
doi: 10.2217/bmm.12.46
pubmed: 22917144
Hansson O, Seibyl J, Stomrud E, Zetterberg H, Trojanowski JQ, Bittner T, et al. CSF biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease concord with amyloid-beta PET and predict clinical progression: a study of fully automated immunoassays in BioFINDER and ADNI cohorts. Alzheimers Dement. 2018;14:1470–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2018.01.010 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.01.010
pubmed: 29499171
pmcid: 6119541
Hansson O, Mikulskis A, Fagan AM, Teunissen C, Zetterberg H, Vanderstichele H, et al. The impact of preanalytical variables on measuring cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis: A review. Alzheimers Dement. 2018;14:1313–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2018.05.008 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.05.008
pubmed: 29940161
Toombs J, Foiani MS, Wellington H, Paterson RW, Arber C, Heslegrave A, et al. Amyloid beta peptides are differentially vulnerable to preanalytical surface exposure, an effect incompletely mitigated by the use of ratios. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2018;10:311–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadm.2018.02.005 .
doi: 10.1016/j.dadm.2018.02.005
Vanderstichele HM, Janelidze S, Demeyer L, Coart E, Stoops E, Herbst V, et al. Optimized standard operating procedures for the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid Abeta42 and the ratios of Abeta isoforms using low protein binding tubes. J Alzheimers Dis. 2016;53:1121–32. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-160286 .
doi: 10.3233/JAD-160286
pubmed: 27258423
pmcid: 4981898
Rozga M, Bittner T, Hoglund K, Blennow K. Accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid Abeta1-42 measurements: evaluation of pre-analytical factors using a novel Elecsys immunosassay. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2017;55:1545–54. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2016-1061 .
doi: 10.1515/cclm-2016-1061
pubmed: 28160541
Willemse EAJ, van Uffelen KWJ, van der Flier WM, Teunissen CE. Effect of long-term storage in biobanks on cerebrospinal fluid biomarker Abeta1-42, T-tau, and P-tau values. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2017;8:45–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadm.2017.03.005 .
doi: 10.1016/j.dadm.2017.03.005
pubmed: 28462389
pmcid: 5403783
Lewczuk P, Gaignaux A, Kofanova O, Ermann N, Betsou F, Brandner S, et al. Interlaboratory proficiency processing scheme in CSF aliquoting: implementation and assessment based on biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2018;10:87. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-018-0418-3 .
doi: 10.1186/s13195-018-0418-3
pubmed: 30153863
pmcid: 6114189
Shaw LM, Arias J, Blennow K, Galasko D, Molinuevo JL, Salloway S, et al. Appropriate use criteria for lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid testing in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2018;14:1505–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.220 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.220
pubmed: 30316776
Blennow K, Zetterberg H. Fluid biomarker-based molecular phenotyping of Alzheimer's disease patients in research and clinical settings. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2019;168:3–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.07.006 .
doi: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.07.006
pubmed: 31699324
Janelidze S, Stomrud E, Brix B, Hansson O. Towards a unified protocol for handling of CSF before beta-amyloid measurements. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2019;11:63. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-019-0517-9 .
doi: 10.1186/s13195-019-0517-9
pubmed: 31324260
pmcid: 6642586
Andreasen N, Minthon L, Clarberg A, Davidsson P, Gottfries J, Vanmechelen E, et al. Sensitivity, specificity, and stability of CSF-tau in AD in a community-based patient sample. Neurology. 1999;53:1488–94. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.53.7.1488 .
doi: 10.1212/wnl.53.7.1488
pubmed: 10534256
Blennow K, Wallin A, Agren H, Spenger C, Siegfried J, Vanmechelen E. Tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid: a biochemical marker for axonal degeneration in Alzheimer disease? Mol Chem Neuropathol. 1995;26:231–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02815140 .
doi: 10.1007/BF02815140
pubmed: 8748926
Vanmechelen E, Vanderstichele H, Davidsson P, Van Kerschaver E, Van Der Perre B, Sjogren M, et al. Quantification of tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 in human cerebrospinal fluid: a sandwich ELISA with a synthetic phosphopeptide for standardization. Neurosci Lett. 2000;285:49–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01036-3 .
doi: 10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01036-3
pubmed: 10788705
Palmqvist S, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Vestberg S, Andreasson U, Brooks DJ, et al. Accuracy of brain amyloid detection in clinical practice using cerebrospinal fluid beta-amyloid 42: a cross-validation study against amyloid positron emission tomography. JAMA Neurol. 2014;71:1282–9. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.1358 .
doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.1358
pubmed: 25155658
Sunderland T, Linker G, Mirza N, Putnam KT, Friedman DL, Kimmel LH, et al. Decreased beta-amyloid1-42 and increased tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer disease. JAMA. 2003;289:2094–103. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.16.2094 .
doi: 10.1001/jama.289.16.2094
pubmed: 12709467
Mattsson N, Andreasson U, Persson S, Arai H, Batish SD, Bernardini S, et al. The Alzheimer's Association external quality control program for cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7:386-95 e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.2243 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.2243
Jicha GA, Lane E, Vincent I, Otvos L Jr, Hoffmann R, Davies P. A conformation- and phosphorylation-dependent antibody recognizing the paired helical filaments of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem. 1997;69:2087–95. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69052087.x .
doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69052087.x
pubmed: 9349554
Mattsson N, Andreasson U, Persson S, Carrillo MC, Collins S, Chalbot S, et al. CSF biomarker variability in the Alzheimer's Association quality control program. Alzheimers Dement. 2013;9:251–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2013.01.010 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.01.010
pubmed: 23622690
pmcid: 3707386
Blennow K, Zetterberg H. Biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: current status and prospects for the future. J Intern Med. 2018;284:643–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12816 .
doi: 10.1111/joim.12816
pubmed: 30051512
Bittner T, Zetterberg H, Teunissen CE, Ostlund RE Jr, Militello M, Andreasson U, et al. Technical performance of a novel, fully automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for the quantitation of beta-amyloid (1-42) in human cerebrospinal fluid. Alzheimers Dement. 2016;12:517–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2015.09.009 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.09.009
pubmed: 26555316
Leinenbach A, Pannee J, Dulffer T, Huber A, Bittner T, Andreasson U, et al. Mass spectrometry-based candidate reference measurement procedure for quantification of amyloid-beta in cerebrospinal fluid. Clin Chem. 2014;60:987–94. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2013.220392 .
doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2013.220392
pubmed: 24842955
Blennow K, Zetterberg H. The past and the future of Alzheimer's disease fluid biomarkers. J Alzheimers Dis. 2018;62:1125–40. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-170773 .
doi: 10.3233/JAD-170773
pubmed: 29562534
pmcid: 5869995
Lifke V, Kollmorgen G, Manuilova E, Oelschlaegel T, Hillringhaus L, Widmann M, et al. Elecsys((R)) Total-Tau and Phospho-Tau (181P) CSF assays: analytical performance of the novel, fully automated immunoassays for quantification of tau proteins in human cerebrospinal fluid. Clin Biochem. 2019;72:30–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.05.005 .
doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.05.005
pubmed: 31129184
Blennow K, Shaw LM, Stomrud E, Mattsson N, Toledo JB, Buck K, et al. Predicting clinical decline and conversion to Alzheimer's disease or dementia using novel Elecsys Abeta(1-42), pTau and tTau CSF immunoassays. Sci Rep. 2019;9:19024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-54204-z .
doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54204-z
pubmed: 31836810
pmcid: 6911086
Chiasserini D, Biscetti L, Farotti L, Eusebi P, Salvadori N, Lisetti V, et al. Performance evaluation of an automated ELISA system for Alzheimer's disease detection in clinical routine. J Alzheimers Dis. 2016;54:55–67. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-160298 .
doi: 10.3233/JAD-160298
pubmed: 27447425
Bayart JL, Hanseeuw B, Ivanoiu A, van Pesch V. Analytical and clinical performances of the automated Lumipulse cerebrospinal fluid Abeta42 and T-Tau assays for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. J Neurol. 2019;266:2304–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-019-09418-6 .
doi: 10.1007/s00415-019-09418-6
pubmed: 31179518
Zecca C, Brescia V, Piccininni M, Capozzo R, Barone R, Barulli MR, et al. Comparative evaluation of two immunoassays for cerebrospinal fluid beta-Amyloid1-42 measurement. Clin Chim Acta. 2019;493:107–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2019.02.033 .
doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.02.033
pubmed: 30844363
Leitao MJ, Silva-Spinola A, Santana I, Olmedo V, Nadal A, Le Bastard N, et al. Clinical validation of the Lumipulse G cerebrospinal fluid assays for routine diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2019;11:91. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-019-0550-8 .
doi: 10.1186/s13195-019-0550-8
pubmed: 31759396
pmcid: 6875031
Kollhoff AL, Howell JC, Hu WT. Automation vs. Experience: Measuring Alzheimer's Beta-Amyloid 1-42 Peptide in the CSF. Front Aging Neurosci. 2018;10:253. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2018.00253 .
doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00253
pubmed: 30186152
pmcid: 6113375
Sjogren M, Vanderstichele H, Agren H, Zachrisson O, Edsbagge M, Wikkelso C, et al. Tau and Abeta42 in cerebrospinal fluid from healthy adults 21-93 years of age: establishment of reference values. Clin Chem. 2001;47:1776–81.
doi: 10.1093/clinchem/47.10.1776
Mattsson N, Rosen E, Hansson O, Andreasen N, Parnetti L, Jonsson M, et al. Age and diagnostic performance of Alzheimer disease CSF biomarkers. Neurology. 2012;78:468–76. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182477eed .
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182477eed
pubmed: 22302554
pmcid: 3280049
Bussy A, Snider BJ, Coble D, Xiong C, Fagan AM, Cruchaga C, et al. Effect of apolipoprotein E4 on clinical, neuroimaging, and biomarker measures in noncarrier participants in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network. Neurobiol Aging. 2019;75:42–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.10.011 .
doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.10.011
pubmed: 30530186
Toledo JB, Zetterberg H, van Harten AC, Glodzik L, Martinez-Lage P, Bocchio-Chiavetto L, et al. Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarker in cognitively normal subjects. Brain. 2015;138:2701–15. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awv199 .
doi: 10.1093/brain/awv199
pubmed: 26220940
pmcid: 4643624
Peskind ER, Li G, Shofer J, Quinn JF, Kaye JA, Clark CM, et al. Age and apolipoprotein E*4 allele effects on cerebrospinal fluid beta-amyloid 42 in adults with normal cognition. Arch Neurol. 2006;63:936–9. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.63.7.936 .
doi: 10.1001/archneur.63.7.936
pubmed: 16831961
Vemuri P, Wiste HJ, Weigand SD, Knopman DS, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, et al. Effect of apolipoprotein E on biomarkers of amyloid load and neuronal pathology in Alzheimer disease. Ann Neurol. 2010;67:308–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.21953 .
doi: 10.1002/ana.21953
pubmed: 20373342
pmcid: 2886799
Sunderland T, Mirza N, Putnam KT, Linker G, Bhupali D, Durham R, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid beta-amyloid1-42 and tau in control subjects at risk for Alzheimer's disease: the effect of APOE epsilon4 allele. Biol Psychiatry. 2004;56:670–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.07.021 .
doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.07.021
pubmed: 15522251
Sutphen CL, Jasielec MS, Shah AR, Macy EM, Xiong C, Vlassenko AG, et al. Longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid biomarker changes in preclinical Alzheimer disease during middle age. JAMA Neurol. 2015;72:1029–42. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.1285 .
doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.1285
pubmed: 26147946
pmcid: 4570860
Prince JA, Zetterberg H, Andreasen N, Marcusson J, Blennow K. APOE epsilon4 allele is associated with reduced cerebrospinal fluid levels of Abeta42. Neurology. 2004;62:2116–8. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000128088.08695.05 .
doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000128088.08695.05
pubmed: 15184629
Lautner R, Palmqvist S, Mattsson N, Andreasson U, Wallin A, Palsson E, et al. Apolipoprotein E genotype and the diagnostic accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer disease. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014;71:1183–91. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1060 .
doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1060
pubmed: 25162367
Morris JC, Roe CM, Xiong C, Fagan AM, Goate AM, Holtzman DM, et al. APOE predicts amyloid-beta but not tau Alzheimer pathology in cognitively normal aging. Ann Neurol. 2010;67:122–31. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.21843 .
doi: 10.1002/ana.21843
pubmed: 20186853
pmcid: 2830375
Li G, Shofer JB, Petrie EC, Yu CE, Wilkinson CW, Figlewicz DP, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's and vascular disease vary by age, gender, and APOE genotype in cognitively normal adults. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2017;9:48. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-017-0271-9 .
doi: 10.1186/s13195-017-0271-9
pubmed: 28673336
pmcid: 5496132
Hohman TJ, Dumitrescu L, Barnes LL, Thambisetty M, Beecham G, Kunkle B, et al. Sex-specific association of apolipoprotein E with cerebrospinal fluid levels of Tau. JAMA Neurol. 2018;75:989–98. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.0821 .
doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.0821
pubmed: 29801024
pmcid: 6142927
Koran MEI, Wagener M, Hohman TJ, Alzheimer's NI. Sex differences in the association between AD biomarkers and cognitive decline. Brain Imaging Behav. 2017;11:205–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-016-9523-8 .
doi: 10.1007/s11682-016-9523-8
pubmed: 26843008
pmcid: 4972701
Buckley RF, Mormino EC, Chhatwal J, Schultz AP, Rabin JS, Rentz DM, et al. Associations between baseline amyloid, sex, and APOE on subsequent tau accumulation in cerebrospinal fluid. Neurobiol Aging. 2019;78:178–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.02.019 .
doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.02.019
pubmed: 30947113
pmcid: 6545139
Gamache J, Yun Y, Chiba-Falek O. Sex-dependent effect of APOE on Alzheimer's disease and other age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Dis Model Mech. 2020;13. https://doi.org/10.1242/dmm.045211 .
Risacher SL, Kim S, Shen L, Nho K, Foroud T, Green RC, et al. The role of apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype in early mild cognitive impairment (E-MCI). Front Aging Neurosci. 2013;5:11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2013.00011 .
doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00011
pubmed: 23554593
pmcid: 3612590
Marizzoni M, Ferrari C, Babiloni C, Albani D, Barkhof F, Cavaliere L, et al. CSF cutoffs for MCI due to AD depend on APOEepsilon4 carrier status. Neurobiol Aging. 2020;89:55–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.12.019 .
doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.12.019
pubmed: 32029236
Kester MI, Blankenstein MA, Bouwman FH, van Elk EJ, Scheltens P, van der Flier WM. CSF biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease and controls: associations with APOE genotype are modified by age. J Alzheimers Dis. 2009;16:601–7. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2009-0999 .
doi: 10.3233/JAD-2009-0999
pubmed: 19276554
Altmann A, Tian L, Henderson VW, Greicius MD, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative I. Sex modifies the APOE-related risk of developing Alzheimer disease. Ann Neurol. 2014;75:563-573. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.24135 .
Holland D, Desikan RS, Dale AM, McEvoy LK. Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging I. Higher rates of decline for women and apolipoprotein E epsilon4 carriers. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2013;34:2287–93. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A3601 .
doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A3601
pubmed: 23828104
pmcid: 3894062
Knapskog AB, Eldholm RS, Braekhus A, Engedal K, Saltvedt I. Factors that influence the levels of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in memory clinic patients. BMC Geriatr. 2017;17:210. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-017-0611-4 .
doi: 10.1186/s12877-017-0611-4
pubmed: 28893185
pmcid: 5594466
Mofrad RB, Tijms BM, Scheltens P, Barkhof F, van der Flier WM, Am Sikkes S, et al. Sex differences in CSF biomarkers vary by Alzheimer's disease stage and APOE epsilon4 genotype. Neurology. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000010629 .
Mattsson N, Eriksson O, Lindberg O, Scholl M, Lampinen B, Nilsson M, et al. Effects of APOE epsilon4 on neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and cognition in prodromal Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2018;71:81–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.07.003 .
doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.07.003
pubmed: 30107289
Bartlett JW, Frost C, Mattsson N, Skillback T, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, et al. Determining cut-points for Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: statistical issues, methods and challenges. Biomark Med. 2012;6:391–400. https://doi.org/10.2217/bmm.12.49 .
doi: 10.2217/bmm.12.49
pubmed: 22917141
Alvarez I, Aguilar M, Gonzalez JM, Ysamat M, Lorenzo-Bosquet C, Alonso A, et al. Clinic-based validation of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers with florbetapir PET for diagnosis of dementia. J Alzheimers Dis. 2018;61:135–43. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-170753 .
doi: 10.3233/JAD-170753
pubmed: 29154286
Muller EG, Edwin TH, Stokke C, Navelsaker SS, Babovic A, Bogdanovic N, et al. Amyloid-beta PET-Correlation with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and prediction of Alzheimer s disease diagnosis in a memory clinic. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0221365. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221365 .
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221365
pubmed: 31430334
pmcid: 6701762
Insel PS, Mattsson N, Donohue MC, Mackin RS, Aisen PS, Jack CR Jr, et al. The transitional association between beta-amyloid pathology and regional brain atrophy. Alzheimers Dement. 2015;11:1171–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2014.11.002 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.11.002
pubmed: 25499535
Bertens D, Tijms BM, Scheltens P, Teunissen CE, Visser PJ. Unbiased estimates of cerebrospinal fluid beta-amyloid 1-42 cutoffs in a large memory clinic population. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2017;9:8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-016-0233-7 .
doi: 10.1186/s13195-016-0233-7
pubmed: 28193256
pmcid: 5307885
Shaw LM, Vanderstichele H, Knapik-Czajka M, Clark CM, Aisen PS, Petersen RC, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarker signature in Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative subjects. Ann Neurol. 2009;65:403–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.21610 .
doi: 10.1002/ana.21610
pubmed: 19296504
pmcid: 2696350
Zwan MD, Rinne JO, Hasselbalch SG, Nordberg A, Lleo A, Herukka SK, et al. Use of amyloid-PET to determine cutpoints for CSF markers: a multicenter study. Neurology. 2016;86:50–8. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000002081 .
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000002081
pubmed: 26468410
pmcid: 4731290
Shaw LM, Waligorska T, Fields L, Korecka M, Figurski M, Trojanowski JQ, et al. Derivation of cutoffs for the Elecsys((R)) amyloid beta (1-42) assay in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2018;10:698–705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadm.2018.07.002 .
doi: 10.1016/j.dadm.2018.07.002
pubmed: 30426066
pmcid: 6222032
Schindler SE, Gray JD, Gordon BA, Xiong C, Batrla-Utermann R, Quan M, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers measured by Elecsys assays compared to amyloid imaging. Alzheimers Dement. 2018;14:1460–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2018.01.013 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.01.013
pubmed: 29501462
pmcid: 6119652
Schneider JA, Arvanitakis Z, Leurgans SE, Bennett DA. The neuropathology of probable Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment. Ann Neurol. 2009;66:200–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.21706 .
doi: 10.1002/ana.21706
pubmed: 19743450
pmcid: 2812870
Therriault J, Benedet A, Pascoal TA, Savard M, Ashton N, Chamoun M, et al. Determining amyloid-beta positivity using [(18)F]AZD4694 PET imaging. J Nucl Med. 2020. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.120.245209 .
Visser PJ, Verhey F, Knol DL, Scheltens P, Wahlund LO, Freund-Levi Y, et al. Prevalence and prognostic value of CSF markers of Alzheimer's disease pathology in patients with subjective cognitive impairment or mild cognitive impairment in the DESCRIPA study: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8:619–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70139-5 .
doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70139-5
pubmed: 19523877
De Meyer G, Shapiro F, Vanderstichele H, Vanmechelen E, Engelborghs S, De Deyn PP, et al. Diagnosis-independent Alzheimer disease biomarker signature in cognitively normal elderly people. Arch Neurol. 2010;67:949–56. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2010.179 .
doi: 10.1001/archneurol.2010.179
pubmed: 20697045
pmcid: 2963067
Ewers M, Mattsson N, Minthon L, Molinuevo JL, Antonell A, Popp J, et al. CSF biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: a large-scale international multicenter study. Alzheimers Dement. 2015;11:1306–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2014.12.006 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.12.006
pubmed: 25804998
Skillback T, Farahmand BY, Rosen C, Mattsson N, Nagga K, Kilander L, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid tau and amyloid-beta1-42 in patients with dementia. Brain. 2015;138:2716–31. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awv181 .
doi: 10.1093/brain/awv181
pubmed: 26133663
Janelidze S, Stomrud E, Palmqvist S, Zetterberg H, van Westen D, Jeromin A, et al. Plasma beta-amyloid in Alzheimer's disease and vascular disease. Sci Rep. 2016;6:26801. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep26801 .
doi: 10.1038/srep26801
pubmed: 27241045
pmcid: 4886210
van Westen D, Lindqvist D, Blennow K, Minthon L, Nagga K, Stomrud E, et al. Cerebral white matter lesions - associations with Abeta isoforms and amyloid PET. Sci Rep. 2016;6:20709. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20709 .
doi: 10.1038/srep20709
pubmed: 26856756
pmcid: 4746584
Selnes P, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Grambaite R, Rosengren L, Johnsen L, et al. Effects of cerebrovascular disease on amyloid precursor protein metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res. 2010;7:10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-8454-7-10 .
doi: 10.1186/1743-8454-7-10
pubmed: 20673341
pmcid: 2921347
Ballard C, O'Brien J, Gray A, Cormack F, Ayre G, Rowan E, et al. Attention and fluctuating attention in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. 2001;58:977–82. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.58.6.977 .
doi: 10.1001/archneur.58.6.977
pubmed: 11405813
Kamenetz F, Tomita T, Hsieh H, Seabrook G, Borchelt D, Iwatsubo T, et al. APP processing and synaptic function. Neuron. 2003;37:925–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00124-7 .
doi: 10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00124-7
pubmed: 12670422
Janelidze S, Zetterberg H, Mattsson N, Palmqvist S, Vanderstichele H, Lindberg O, et al. CSF Abeta42/Abeta40 and Abeta42/Abeta38 ratios: better diagnostic markers of Alzheimer disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2016;3:154–65. https://doi.org/10.1002/acn3.274 .
doi: 10.1002/acn3.274
pubmed: 27042676
pmcid: 4774260
Buchhave P, Minthon L, Zetterberg H, Wallin AK, Blennow K, Hansson O. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of beta-amyloid 1-42, but not of tau, are fully changed already 5 to 10 years before the onset of Alzheimer dementia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012;69:98–106. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.155 .
doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.155
pubmed: 22213792
Blennow K. Cerebrospinal fluid protein biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. NeuroRx. 2004;1:213–25. https://doi.org/10.1602/neurorx.1.2.213 .
doi: 10.1602/neurorx.1.2.213
pubmed: 15717022
pmcid: 534929
Parnetti L, Chiasserini D, Eusebi P, Giannandrea D, Bellomo G, De Carlo C, et al. Performance of abeta1-40, abeta1-42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau as predictors of dementia in a cohort of patients with mild cognitive impairment. J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;29:229–38. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2011-111349 .
doi: 10.3233/JAD-2011-111349
pubmed: 22232006
Duits FH, Teunissen CE, Bouwman FH, Visser PJ, Mattsson N, Zetterberg H, et al. The cerebrospinal fluid "Alzheimer profile": easily said, but what does it mean? Alzheimers Dement. 2014;10:713–23 e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2013.12.023 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.12.023
pubmed: 24721526
Gaser C, Franke K, Kloppel S, Koutsouleris N, Sauer H. Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging I. BrainAGE in mild cognitive impaired patients: predicting the conversion to Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One. 2013;8:e67346. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067346 .
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067346
pubmed: 23826273
pmcid: 3695013
Hertze J, Minthon L, Zetterberg H, Vanmechelen E, Blennow K, Hansson O. Evaluation of CSF biomarkers as predictors of Alzheimer's disease: a clinical follow-up study of 4.7 years. J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;21:1119–28. https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-2010-100207 .
doi: 10.3233/jad-2010-100207
pubmed: 21504133
Landau SM, Harvey D, Madison CM, Reiman EM, Foster NL, Aisen PS, et al. Comparing predictors of conversion and decline in mild cognitive impairment. Neurology. 2010;75:230–8. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181e8e8b8 .
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181e8e8b8
pubmed: 20592257
pmcid: 2906178
Vos S, van Rossum I, Burns L, Knol D, Scheltens P, Soininen H, et al. Test sequence of CSF and MRI biomarkers for prediction of AD in subjects with MCI. Neurobiol Aging. 2012;33:2272–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.12.017 .
doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.12.017
pubmed: 22264648
Blanco-Canto ME, Monge-Argiles JA, Perez-Cejuela C, Badia C, Gabaldon L, Munoz-Ruiz C, et al. Diagnostic validity comparison between criteria based on CSF Alzheimer's disease biomarkers. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2017;32:101–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/1533317516688298 .
doi: 10.1177/1533317516688298
pubmed: 28191798
Grontvedt GR, Lauridsen C, Berge G, White LR, Salvesen O, Brathen G, et al. The amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration (A/T/N) classification applied to a clinical research cohort with long-term follow-up. J Alzheimers Dis. 2020;74:829–37. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-191227 .
doi: 10.3233/JAD-191227
pubmed: 32116257
pmcid: 7242836
Blennow K, Mattsson N, Scholl M, Hansson O, Zetterberg H. Amyloid biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2015;36:297–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2015.03.002 .
doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.03.002
pubmed: 25840462
Mattsson N, Insel PS, Donohue M, Landau S, Jagust WJ, Shaw LM, et al. Independent information from cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-beta and florbetapir imaging in Alzheimer's disease. Brain. 2015;138:772–83. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awu367 .
doi: 10.1093/brain/awu367
pubmed: 25541191
Palmqvist S, Mattsson N, Hansson O. Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging I. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis detects cerebral amyloid-beta accumulation earlier than positron emission tomography. Brain. 2016;139:1226–36. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/aww015 .
doi: 10.1093/brain/aww015
pubmed: 26936941
pmcid: 4806222
Mattsson N, Scholl M, Strandberg O, Smith R, Palmqvist S, Insel PS, et al. (18)F-AV-1451 and CSF T-tau and P-tau as biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease. EMBO Mol Med. 2017;9:1212–23. https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.201707809 .
doi: 10.15252/emmm.201707809
pubmed: 28743782
pmcid: 5582410
Blennow K, Hampel H. CSF markers for incipient Alzheimer's disease. Lancet Neurol. 2003;2:605–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(03)00530-1 .
doi: 10.1016/s1474-4422(03)00530-1
pubmed: 14505582
Wolters EE, Ossenkoppele R, Verfaillie SCJ, Coomans EM, Timmers T, Visser D, et al. Regional [(18)F]flortaucipir PET is more closely associated with disease severity than CSF p-tau in Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-020-04758-2 .
Mattsson N, Smith R, Strandberg O, Palmqvist S, Scholl M, Insel PS, et al. Comparing (18)F-AV-1451 with CSF t-tau and p-tau for diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2018;90:e388–e95. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000004887 .
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000004887
pubmed: 29321235
pmcid: 5791788
Zetterberg H, Pedersen M, Lind K, Svensson M, Rolstad S, Eckerstrom C, et al. Intra-individual stability of CSF biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease over two years. J Alzheimers Dis. 2007;12:255–60. https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-2007-12307 .
doi: 10.3233/jad-2007-12307
pubmed: 18057559
Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Minthon L, Lannfelt L, Strid S, Annas P, et al. Longitudinal stability of CSF biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett. 2007;419:18–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2007.03.064 .
doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.03.064
pubmed: 17482358
Brier MR, Gordon B, Friedrichsen K, McCarthy J, Stern A, Christensen J, et al. Tau and Abeta imaging, CSF measures, and cognition in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Transl Med. 2016;8:338–66. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf2362 .
doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf2362
Chhatwal JP, Schultz AP, Marshall GA, Boot B, Gomez-Isla T, Dumurgier J, et al. Temporal T807 binding correlates with CSF tau and phospho-tau in normal elderly. Neurology. 2016;87:920–6. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003050 .
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003050
pubmed: 27473132
pmcid: 5035159
Gordon BA, Friedrichsen K, Brier M, Blazey T, Su Y, Christensen J, et al. The relationship between cerebrospinal fluid markers of Alzheimer pathology and positron emission tomography tau imaging. Brain. 2016;139:2249–60. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/aww139 .
doi: 10.1093/brain/aww139
pubmed: 27286736
pmcid: 4958902
Leuzy A, Cicognola C, Chiotis K, Saint-Aubert L, Lemoine L, Andreasen N, et al. Longitudinal tau and metabolic PET imaging in relation to novel CSF tau measures in Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019;46:1152–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-018-4242-6 .
doi: 10.1007/s00259-018-4242-6
pubmed: 30610252
pmcid: 6451715
Mattsson-Carlgren N, Andersson E, Janelidze S, Ossenkoppele R, Insel P, Strandberg O, et al. Abeta deposition is associated with increases in soluble and phosphorylated tau that precede a positive Tau PET in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Adv. 2020;6:eaaz2387. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz2387 .
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz2387
pubmed: 32426454
pmcid: 7159908
Fleisher AS, Pontecorvo MJ, Devous MD Sr, Lu M, Arora AK, Truocchio SP, et al. Positron emission tomography imaging with [18F]flortaucipir and postmortem assessment of Alzheimer disease neuropathologic changes. JAMA Neurol. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.0528 .
Jack CR Jr, Barrio JR, Kepe V. Cerebral amyloid PET imaging in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol. 2013;126:643–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-013-1185-7 .
doi: 10.1007/s00401-013-1185-7
pubmed: 24100688
Leuzy A, Smith R, Ossenkoppele R, Santillo A, Borroni E, Klein G, et al. Diagnostic performance of RO948 F 18 tau positron emission tomography in the differentiation of Alzheimer disease from other neurodegenerative disorders. JAMA Neurol. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.0989 .
Leuzy A, Chiotis K, Lemoine L, Gillberg PG, Almkvist O, Rodriguez-Vieitez E, et al. Tau PET imaging in neurodegenerative tauopathies-still a challenge. Mol Psychiatry. 2019;24:1112–34. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-018-0342-8 .
doi: 10.1038/s41380-018-0342-8
pubmed: 30635637
pmcid: 6756230
Portelius E, Hansson SF, Tran AJ, Zetterberg H, Grognet P, Vanmechelen E, et al. Characterization of tau in cerebrospinal fluid using mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res. 2008;7:2114–20. https://doi.org/10.1021/pr7008669 .
doi: 10.1021/pr7008669
pubmed: 18351740
Kohnken R, Buerger K, Zinkowski R, Miller C, Kerkman D, DeBernardis J, et al. Detection of tau phosphorylated at threonine 231 in cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's disease patients. Neurosci Lett. 2000;287:187–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01178-2 .
doi: 10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01178-2
pubmed: 10863026
Hampel H, Buerger K, Zinkowski R, Teipel SJ, Goernitz A, Andreasen N, et al. Measurement of phosphorylated tau epitopes in the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer disease: a comparative cerebrospinal fluid study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004;61:95–102. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.61.1.95 .
doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.61.1.95
pubmed: 14706948
Vincent I, Zheng JH, Dickson DW, Kress Y, Davies P. Mitotic phosphoepitopes precede paired helical filaments in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 1998;19:287–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0197-4580(98)00071-2 .
doi: 10.1016/s0197-4580(98)00071-2
pubmed: 9733160
Meredith JE Jr, Sankaranarayanan S, Guss V, Lanzetti AJ, Berisha F, Neely RJ, et al. Characterization of novel CSF Tau and ptau biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One. 2013;8:e76523. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076523 .
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076523
pubmed: 24116116
Cicognola C, Brinkmalm G, Wahlgren J, Portelius E, Gobom J, Cullen NC, et al. Novel tau fragments in cerebrospinal fluid: relation to tangle pathology and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol. 2019;137:279–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-018-1948-2 .
doi: 10.1007/s00401-018-1948-2
pubmed: 30547227
Blennow K, Chen C, Cicognola C, Wildsmith KR, Manser PT, Bohorquez SMS, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid tau fragment correlates with tau PET: a candidate biomarker for tangle pathology. Brain. 2020;143:650–60. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awz346 .
doi: 10.1093/brain/awz346
pubmed: 31834365
Janelidze S, Stomrud E, Smith R, Palmqvist S, Mattsson N, Airey DC, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid p-tau217 performs better than p-tau181 as a biomarker of Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun. 2020;11:1683. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15436-0 .
doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-15436-0
pubmed: 32246036
pmcid: 7125218
Barthelemy NR, Bateman RJ, Hirtz C, Marin P, Becher F, Sato C, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid phospho-tau T217 outperforms T181 as a biomarker for the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and PET amyloid-positive patient identification. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2020;12:26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-020-00596-4 .
doi: 10.1186/s13195-020-00596-4
pubmed: 32183883
pmcid: 7079453
Vemuri P, Wiste HJ, Weigand SD, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Weiner MW, et al. MRI and CSF biomarkers in normal, MCI, and AD subjects: predicting future clinical change. Neurology. 2009;73:294–301. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181af79fb .
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181af79fb
pubmed: 19636049
pmcid: 2715214
Bouwman FH, Schoonenboom SN, van der Flier WM, van Elk EJ, Kok A, Barkhof F, et al. CSF biomarkers and medial temporal lobe atrophy predict dementia in mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Aging. 2007;28:1070–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.05.006 .
doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.05.006
pubmed: 16782233
Fellgiebel A, Scheurich A, Bartenstein P, Muller MJ. FDG-PET and CSF phospho-tau for prediction of cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment. Psychiatry Res. 2007;155:167–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.12.002 .
doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.12.002
pubmed: 17531450
Caminiti SP, Ballarini T, Sala A, Cerami C, Presotto L, Santangelo R, et al. FDG-PET and CSF biomarker accuracy in prediction of conversion to different dementias in a large multicentre MCI cohort. Neuroimage Clin. 2018;18:167–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2018.01.019 .
doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.01.019
pubmed: 29387532
pmcid: 5790816
Santangelo R, Masserini F, Agosta F, Sala A, Caminiti SP, Cecchetti G, et al. CSF p-tau/Abeta42 ratio and brain FDG-PET may reliably detect MCI "imminent" converters to AD. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-020-04853-4 .
Walhovd KB, Fjell AM, Brewer J, McEvoy LK, Fennema-Notestine C, Hagler DJ Jr, et al. Combining MR imaging, positron-emission tomography, and CSF biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of Alzheimer disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2010;31:347–54. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A1809 .
doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A1809
pubmed: 20075088
pmcid: 2821467
Zhang D, Wang Y, Zhou L, Yuan H, Shen D. Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging I. Multimodal classification of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Neuroimage. 2011;55:856–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.01.008 .
doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.01.008
pubmed: 21236349
pmcid: 3057360
Ottoy J, Niemantsverdriet E, Verhaeghe J, De Roeck E, Struyfs H, Somers C, et al. Association of short-term cognitive decline and MCI-to-AD dementia conversion with CSF, MRI, amyloid- and (18)F-FDG-PET imaging. Neuroimage Clin. 2019;22:101771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101771 .
doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101771
pubmed: 30927601
pmcid: 6444289
Lange C, Suppa P, Pietrzyk U, Makowski MR, Spies L, Peters O, et al. Prediction of Alzheimer's Dementia in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment in Clinical Routine: Incremental Value of Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration and Brain Amyloidosis Added Stepwise to Cognitive Status. J Alzheimers Dis. 2018;61:373–88. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-170705 .
doi: 10.3233/JAD-170705
pubmed: 29154285
Steenland K, Zhao L, John SE, Goldstein FC, Levey A, Alvaro A, et al. A 'Framingham-like' algorithm for predicting 4-year risk of progression to amnestic mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease using multidomain information. J Alzheimers Dis. 2018;63:1383–93. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-170769 .
doi: 10.3233/JAD-170769
pubmed: 29843232
pmcid: 6511974
Jang H, Park J, Woo S, Kim S, Kim HJ, Na DL, et al. Prediction of fast decline in amyloid positive mild cognitive impairment patients using multimodal biomarkers. Neuroimage Clin. 2019;24:101941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101941 .
doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101941
pubmed: 31376643
pmcid: 6677900
Mazzeo S, Santangelo R, Bernasconi MP, Cecchetti G, Fiorino A, Pinto P, et al. Combining cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and neuropsychological assessment: a simple and cost-effective algorithm to predict the progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease dementia. J Alzheimers Dis. 2016;54:1495–508. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-160360 .
doi: 10.3233/JAD-160360
pubmed: 27589522
Rosenberg A, Solomon A, Jelic V, Hagman G, Bogdanovic N, Kivipelto M. Progression to dementia in memory clinic patients with mild cognitive impairment and normal beta-amyloid. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2019;11:99. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-019-0557-1 .
doi: 10.1186/s13195-019-0557-1
pubmed: 31805990
pmcid: 6896336
van Maurik IS, Vos SJ, Bos I, Bouwman FH, Teunissen CE, Scheltens P, et al. Biomarker-based prognosis for people with mild cognitive impairment (ABIDE): a modelling study. Lancet Neurol. 2019;18:1034–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30283-2 .
doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30283-2
pubmed: 31526625
van Maurik IS, Zwan MD, Tijms BM, Bouwman FH, Teunissen CE, Scheltens P, et al. Interpreting biomarker results in individual patients with mild cognitive impairment in the Alzheimer's biomarkers in Daily Practice (ABIDE) Project. JAMA Neurol. 2017;74:1481–91. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.2712 .
doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.2712
pubmed: 29049480
pmcid: 5822193
Bateman RJ, Xiong C, Benzinger TL, Fagan AM, Goate A, Fox NC, et al. Clinical and biomarker changes in dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:795–804. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1202753 .
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1202753
pubmed: 22784036
pmcid: 3474597
Fagan AM, Xiong C, Jasielec MS, Bateman RJ, Goate AM, Benzinger TL, et al. Longitudinal change in CSF biomarkers in autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease. Sci Transl Med. 2014;6:226ra30. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3007901.
Mawuenyega KG, Sigurdson W, Ovod V, Munsell L, Kasten T, Morris JC, et al. Decreased clearance of CNS beta-amyloid in Alzheimer's disease. Science. 2010;330:1774. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1197623 .
doi: 10.1126/science.1197623
pubmed: 21148344
pmcid: 3073454
Scheuner D, Eckman C, Jensen M, Song X, Citron M, Suzuki N, et al. Secreted amyloid beta-protein similar to that in the senile plaques of Alzheimer's disease is increased in vivo by the presenilin 1 and 2 and APP mutations linked to familial Alzheimer's disease. Nat Med. 1996;2:864–70. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm0896-864 .
doi: 10.1038/nm0896-864
pubmed: 8705854
Toledo JB, Xie SX, Trojanowski JQ, Shaw LM. Longitudinal change in CSF Tau and Abeta biomarkers for up to 48 months in ADNI. Acta Neuropathol. 2013;126:659–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-013-1151-4 .
doi: 10.1007/s00401-013-1151-4
pubmed: 23812320
Villemagne VL, Burnham S, Bourgeat P, Brown B, Ellis KA, Salvado O, et al. Amyloid beta deposition, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline in sporadic Alzheimer's disease: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12:357–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70044-9 .
doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70044-9
pubmed: 23477989
Sperling RA, Aisen PS, Beckett LA, Bennett DA, Craft S, Fagan AM, et al. Toward defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7:280–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.003 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.003
pubmed: 21514248
pmcid: 3220946
Jack CR Jr, Knopman DS, Jagust WJ, Shaw LM, Aisen PS, Weiner MW, et al. Hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers of the Alzheimer's pathological cascade. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9:119–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70299-6 .
doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70299-6
pubmed: 20083042
pmcid: 2819840
Jack CR Jr, Vemuri P, Wiste HJ, Weigand SD, Aisen PS, Trojanowski JQ, et al. Evidence for ordering of Alzheimer disease biomarkers. Arch Neurol. 2011;68:1526–35. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2011.183 .
doi: 10.1001/archneurol.2011.183
pubmed: 21825215
pmcid: 3387980
Sutphen CL, McCue L, Herries EM, Xiong C, Ladenson JH, Holtzman DM, et al. Longitudinal decreases in multiple cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neuronal injury in symptomatic late onset Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2018;14:869–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2018.01.012 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.01.012
pubmed: 29580670
pmcid: 6110083
Lleo A, Alcolea D, Martinez-Lage P, Scheltens P, Parnetti L, Poirier J, et al. Longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid biomarker trajectories along the Alzheimer's disease continuum in the BIOMARKAPD study. Alzheimers Dement. 2019;15:742–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2019.01.015 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.01.015
pubmed: 30967340
Mattsson N, Portelius E, Rolstad S, Gustavsson M, Andreasson U, Stridsberg M, et al. Longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers over four years in mild cognitive impairment. J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;30:767–78. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2012-120019 .
doi: 10.3233/JAD-2012-120019
pubmed: 22475796
Banerjee S, Wittenberg R. Clinical and cost effectiveness of services for early diagnosis and intervention in dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009;24:748–54. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2191 .
doi: 10.1002/gps.2191
pubmed: 19206079
Relkin N. Screening and early diagnosis of dementia. Am J Manag Care. 2000;6:S1111-8 discussion S9-24.
Gauthier S, Leuzy A, Racine E, Rosa-Neto P. Diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease: past, present and future ethical issues. Prog Neurobiol. 2013;110:102–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.01.003 .
doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.01.003
pubmed: 23578568
Mattsson N, Brax D, Zetterberg H. To know or not to know: ethical issues related to early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Int J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;2010. https://doi.org/10.4061/2010/841941 .
Gauthier S, Leuzy A. Diagnosis of prodromal Alzheimer's disease: do you really want to know? Can J Neurol Sci. 2010;37:2. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100009574 .
doi: 10.1017/s0317167100009574
pubmed: 20169766
Bocchetta M, Galluzzi S, Kehoe PG, Aguera E, Bernabei R, Bullock R, et al. The use of biomarkers for the etiologic diagnosis of MCI in Europe: an EADC survey. Alzheimers Dement. 2015;11:195-206 e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2014.06.006 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.06.006
pubmed: 25150733
Kester MI, Boelaarts L, Bouwman FH, Vogels RL, Groot ER, van Elk EJ, et al. Diagnostic impact of CSF biomarkers in a local hospital memory clinic. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2010;29:491–7. https://doi.org/10.1159/000313534 .
doi: 10.1159/000313534
pubmed: 20523047
Boelaarts L, de Jonghe JFM, Scheltens P. Diagnostic impact of CSF biomarkers in a local hospital memory clinic revisited. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2020:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1159/000506332 .
Duits FH, Prins ND, Lemstra AW, Pijnenburg YA, Bouwman FH, Teunissen CE, et al. Diagnostic impact of CSF biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in a tertiary memory clinic. Alzheimers Dement. 2015;11:523–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.1753 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.1753
pubmed: 25156643
Cognat E, Mouton Liger F, Troussiere AC, Wallon D, Dumurgier J, Magnin E, et al. What is the clinical impact of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers on final diagnosis and management in patients with mild cognitive impairment in clinical practice? Results from a nation-wide prospective survey in France. BMJ Open. 2019;9:e026380. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026380 .
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026380
pubmed: 31152032
Leuzy A, Savitcheva I, Chiotis K, Lilja J, Andersen P, Bogdanovic N, et al. Clinical impact of [(18)F]flutemetamol PET among memory clinic patients with an unclear diagnosis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019;46:1276–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-019-04297-5 .
doi: 10.1007/s00259-019-04297-5
pubmed: 30915522
pmcid: 6486908
Handels RLH, Wimo A, Dodel R, Kramberger MG, Visser PJ, Molinuevo JL, et al. Cost-utility of using Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid to predict progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia. J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;60:1477–87. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-170324 .
doi: 10.3233/JAD-170324
pubmed: 29081416
Rabinovici GD, Gatsonis C, Apgar C, Chaudhary K, Gareen I, Hanna L, et al. Association of amyloid positron emission tomography with subsequent change in clinical management among medicare beneficiaries with mild cognitive impairment or dementia. JAMA. 2019;321:1286–94. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.2000 .
doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.2000
pubmed: 30938796
pmcid: 6450276
Wimo A, Religa D, Spangberg K, Edlund AK, Winblad B, Eriksdotter M. Costs of diagnosing dementia: results from SveDem, the Swedish Dementia Registry. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2013;28:1039–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.3925 .
doi: 10.1002/gps.3925
pubmed: 23440702
Religa D, Spangberg K, Wimo A, Edlund AK, Winblad B, Eriksdotter-Jonhagen M. Dementia diagnosis differs in men and women and depends on age and dementia severity: data from SveDem, the Swedish Dementia Quality Registry. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2012;33:90–5. https://doi.org/10.1159/000337038 .
doi: 10.1159/000337038
pubmed: 22433665
Rosen C, Farahmand B, Skillback T, Nagga K, Mattsson N, Kilander L, et al. Benchmarking biomarker-based criteria for Alzheimer's disease: data from the Swedish Dementia Registry. SveDem. Alzheimers Dement. 2015;11:1470–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2015.04.007 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.04.007
pubmed: 26079415
Hort J, Bartos A, Pirttila T, Scheltens P. Use of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in diagnosis of dementia across Europe. Eur J Neurol. 2010;17:90–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02753.x .
doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02753.x
pubmed: 19659752
Alcolea D, Martinez-Lage P, Izagirre A, Clerigue M, Carmona-Iragui M, Alvarez RM, et al. Feasibility of lumbar puncture in the study of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: a multicenter study in Spain. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;39:719–26. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-131334 .
doi: 10.3233/JAD-131334
pubmed: 24254700
Thakur KT, Mateyo K, Hachaambwa L, Kayamba V, Mallewa M, Mallewa J, et al. Lumbar puncture refusal in sub-Saharan Africa: A call for further understanding and intervention. Neurology. 2015;84:1988–90. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000001561 .
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000001561
pubmed: 25964478
pmcid: 4433455
Magin P, Juratowitch L, Dunbabin J, McElduff P, Goode S, Tapley A, et al. Attitudes to Alzheimer's disease testing of Australian general practice patients: a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2016;31:361–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.4335 .
doi: 10.1002/gps.4335
pubmed: 26258761
Evans RW, Armon C, Frohman EM, Goodin DS. Assessment: prevention of post-lumbar puncture headaches: report of the therapeutics and technology assessment subcommittee of the american academy of neurology. Neurology. 2000;55:909–14. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.55.7.909 .
doi: 10.1212/wnl.55.7.909
pubmed: 11061243
Duits FH, Martinez-Lage P, Paquet C, Engelborghs S, Lleo A, Hausner L, et al. Performance and complications of lumbar puncture in memory clinics: Results of the multicenter lumbar puncture feasibility study. Alzheimers Dement. 2016;12:154–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2015.08.003 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.08.003
pubmed: 26368321
Peskind ER, Riekse R, Quinn JF, Kaye J, Clark CM, Farlow MR, et al. Safety and acceptability of the research lumbar puncture. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2005;19:220–5. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.wad.0000194014.43575.fd .
doi: 10.1097/01.wad.0000194014.43575.fd
pubmed: 16327349
Menendez-Gonzalez M. Routine lumbar puncture for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Is it safe? Front Aging Neurosci. 2014;6:65. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2014.00065 .
doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00065
pubmed: 24782762
pmcid: 3988385
Handels RL, Joore MA, Tran-Duy A, Wimo A, Wolfs CA, Verhey FR, et al. Early cost-utility analysis of general and cerebrospinal fluid-specific Alzheimer's disease biomarkers for hypothetical disease-modifying treatment decision in mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement. 2015;11:896–905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2015.02.009 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.02.009
pubmed: 26071009
Valcarcel-Nazco C, Perestelo-Perez L, Molinuevo JL, Mar J, Castilla I, Serrano-Aguilar P. Cost-effectiveness of the use of biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid for Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;42:777–88. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-132216 .
doi: 10.3233/JAD-132216
pubmed: 24916543
Lee SA, Sposato LA, Hachinski V, Cipriano LE. Cost-effectiveness of cerebrospinal biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2017;9:18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-017-0243-0 .
doi: 10.1186/s13195-017-0243-0
pubmed: 28302164
pmcid: 5356269
Bruandet A, Richard F, Bombois S, Maurage CA, Deramecourt V, Lebert F, et al. Alzheimer disease with cerebrovascular disease and vascular dementia: clinical features and course compared with Alzheimer disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2009;80:133–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2007.137851 .
doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2007.137851
pubmed: 18977819
Struyfs H, Molinuevo JL, Martin JJ, De Deyn PP, Engelborghs S. Validation of the AD-CSF-index in autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer's disease patients and healthy controls. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;41:903–9. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-131085 .
doi: 10.3233/JAD-131085
pubmed: 24705548
Seeburger JL, Holder DJ, Combrinck M, Joachim C, Laterza O, Tanen M, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers distinguish postmortem-confirmed Alzheimer's disease from other dementias and healthy controls in the OPTIMA cohort. J Alzheimers Dis. 2015;44:525–39. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-141725 .
doi: 10.3233/JAD-141725
pubmed: 25391385
Pottiez G, Yang L, Stewart T, Song N, Aro P, Galasko DR, et al. Mass-Spectrometry-Based Method To Quantify in Parallel Tau and Amyloid beta 1-42 in CSF for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. J Proteome Res. 2017;16:1228–38. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00829 .
doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00829
pubmed: 28112948
pmcid: 5679294
Andreasson U, Kuhlmann J, Pannee J, Umek RM, Stoops E, Vanderstichele H, et al. Commutability of the certified reference materials for the standardization of beta-amyloid 1-42 assay in human cerebrospinal fluid: lessons for tau and beta-amyloid 1-40 measurements. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2018;56:2058–66. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2018-0147 .
doi: 10.1515/cclm-2018-0147
pubmed: 29949507
Kuhlmann J, Andreasson U, Pannee J, Bjerke M, Portelius E, Leinenbach A, et al. CSF Abeta1-42 - an excellent but complicated Alzheimer's biomarker - a route to standardisation. Clin Chim Acta. 2017;467:27–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2016.05.014 .
doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.05.014
pubmed: 27216941
Molinuevo JL, Blennow K, Dubois B, Engelborghs S, Lewczuk P, Perret-Liaudet A, et al. The clinical use of cerebrospinal fluid biomarker testing for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis: a consensus paper from the Alzheimer's Biomarkers Standardization Initiative. Alzheimers Dement. 2014;10:808–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2014.03.003 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.03.003
pubmed: 25150736
Herukka SK, Simonsen AH, Andreasen N, Baldeiras I, Bjerke M, Blennow K, et al. Recommendations for cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in the diagnostic evaluation of mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement. 2017;13:285–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2016.09.009 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.09.009
pubmed: 28341066
Vogelgsang J, Wedekind D, Bouter C, Klafki HW, Wiltfang J. Reproducibility of Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid-biomarker measurements under clinical routine conditions. J Alzheimers Dis. 2018;62:203–12. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-170793 .
doi: 10.3233/JAD-170793
pubmed: 29439341
pmcid: 5817906
Wiltfang J, Esselmann H, Bibl M, Hull M, Hampel H, Kessler H, et al. Amyloid beta peptide ratio 42/40 but not A beta 42 correlates with phospho-Tau in patients with low- and high-CSF A beta 40 load. J Neurochem. 2007;101:1053–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04404.x .
doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04404.x
pubmed: 17254013
Lewczuk P, Lelental N, Spitzer P, Maler JM, Kornhuber J. Amyloid-beta 42/40 cerebrospinal fluid concentration ratio in the diagnostics of Alzheimer's disease: validation of two novel assays. J Alzheimers Dis. 2015;43:183–91. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-140771 .
doi: 10.3233/JAD-140771
pubmed: 25079805
Lucey BP, Fagan AM, Holtzman DM, Morris JC, Bateman RJ. Diurnal oscillation of CSF Abeta and other AD biomarkers. Mol Neurodegener. 2017;12:36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13024-017-0161-4 .
doi: 10.1186/s13024-017-0161-4
pubmed: 28478762
pmcid: 5421331
Sato C, Barthelemy NR, Mawuenyega KG, Patterson BW, Gordon BA, Jockel-Balsarotti J, et al. Tau kinetics in neurons and the human central nervous system. Neuron. 2018;97:1284–98 e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2018.02.015 .
doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.02.015
pubmed: 29566794
pmcid: 6137722
van Maurik IS, Visser LN, Pel-Littel RE, van Buchem MM, Zwan MD, Kunneman M, et al. Development and usability of ADappt: web-based tool to support clinicians, patients, and caregivers in the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease. JMIR Form Res. 2019;3:e13417. https://doi.org/10.2196/13417 .
doi: 10.2196/13417
pubmed: 31287061
pmcid: 6643768
Tsvetkova DZ, Bergquist SH, Parker MW, Jarrett TL, Howell JC, Watts KD, et al. Fear and uncertainty do not influence reported willingness to undergo lumbar punctures in a U.S. multi-cultural cohort. Front Aging Neurosci. 2017;9:22. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00022 .
doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00022
pubmed: 28239349
pmcid: 5300987
Kroll H, Duszak R Jr, Nsiah E, Hughes DR, Sumer S, Wintermark M. Trends in lumbar puncture over 2 decades: a dramatic shift to radiology. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2015;204:15–9. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.14.12622 .
doi: 10.2214/AJR.14.12622
pubmed: 25539231
O'Connor P, Lee L. Access to multiple sclerosis diagnosis for Canadian neurologists. Can J Neurol Sci. 1999;26:115–8.
pubmed: 10352870