Louse-borne relapsing fever-A systematic review and analysis of the literature: Part 2-Mortality, Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, impact on pregnancy.
Abortion, Spontaneous
/ microbiology
Animals
Anti-Bacterial Agents
/ adverse effects
Borrelia
/ drug effects
Chloramphenicol
/ adverse effects
Disease Vectors
Erythromycin
/ adverse effects
Female
Humans
Pediculus
/ microbiology
Penicillins
/ adverse effects
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious
/ microbiology
Relapsing Fever
/ drug therapy
Tetracyclines
/ adverse effects
Transients and Migrants
Journal
PLoS neglected tropical diseases
ISSN: 1935-2735
Titre abrégé: PLoS Negl Trop Dis
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101291488
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
03 2021
03 2021
Historique:
entrez:
11
3
2021
pubmed:
12
3
2021
medline:
30
6
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) is a classical epidemic disease, which in the past was associated with war, famine, poverty, forced migration, and crowding under poor hygienic conditions around the world. The disease's causative pathogen, the spirochete bacterium Borrelia recurrentis, is confined to humans and transmitted by a single vector, the human body louse Pediculus humanus corporis. Since the disease was at its peak before the days of modern medicine, many of its aspects have never been formally studied and to date remain incompletely understood. In order to shed light on some of these aspects, we have systematically reviewed the accessible literature on LBRF since the recognition of its mode of transmission in 1907, and summarized the existing data on mortality, Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR), and impact on pregnancy. Publications were identified by using a predefined search strategy of electronic databases and a subsequent review of the reference lists of the obtained publications. All publications reporting patients with a confirmed diagnosis of LBRF published in English, French, German, and Spanish since 1907 were included. Data extraction followed a predefined protocol and included a grading system to judge the certainty of the diagnosis of reported cases. The high mortality rates often found in literature are confined to extreme scenarios. The case fatality rate (CFR) of untreated cases is on average significantly lower than frequently assumed. In recent years, a rise in the overall CFRs is documented, for which reasons remain unknown. Lacking standardized criteria, a clear diagnostic threshold defining antibiotic treatment-induced JHR does not exist. This explains the wide range of occurrence rates found in literature. Pre-antibiotic era data suggest the existence of a JHR-like reaction also in cases treated with arsenicals and even in untreated cases. LBRF-related adverse outcomes are observed in 3 out of 4 pregnancies.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33705387
doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008656
pii: PNTD-D-20-00236
pmc: PMC7951929
doi:
Substances chimiques
Anti-Bacterial Agents
0
Penicillins
0
Tetracyclines
0
Erythromycin
63937KV33D
Chloramphenicol
66974FR9Q1
Types de publication
Journal Article
Systematic Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e0008656Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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