Fluid Therapy in Dogs and Cats With Sepsis.
critical care—small animal
fluid therapy
immunopathogenesis
sepsis
septic shock (MeSH)
Journal
Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
Titre abrégé: Front Vet Sci
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101666658
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2021
2021
Historique:
received:
27
10
2020
accepted:
03
02
2021
entrez:
15
3
2021
pubmed:
16
3
2021
medline:
16
3
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Sepsis is currently defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis may occur secondary to infection anywhere in the body, and its pathogenesis is complex and not yet fully understood. Variations in the host immune response result in diverse clinical manifestations, which complicates clinical recognition and fluid therapy both in humans and veterinary species. Septic shock is a subset of sepsis in which particularly profound circulatory, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities are associated with a greater risk of mortality than with sepsis alone. Although septic shock is a form of distributive shock, septic patients frequently present with hypovolemic and cardiogenic shock as well, further complicating fluid therapy decisions. The goals of this review are to discuss the clinical recognition of sepsis in dogs and cats, the basic mechanisms of its pathogenesis as it affects hemodynamic function, and considerations for fluid therapy. Important pathophysiologic changes, such as cellular interaction, microvascular alterations, damage to the endothelial glycocalyx, hypoalbuminemia, and immune paralysis will be also reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of treatment with crystalloids, natural and synthetic colloids, and blood products will be discussed. Current recommendations for evaluating fluid responsiveness and the timing of vasopressor therapy will also be considered. Where available, the veterinary literature will be used to guide recommendations.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33718468
doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.622127
pmc: PMC7947228
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
622127Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Montealegre and Lyons.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Références
Crit Care Med. 2004 Mar;32(3):858-73
pubmed: 15090974
Crit Care. 2015 Apr 15;19:163
pubmed: 25880761
Microbiol Spectr. 2016 Dec;4(6):
pubmed: 28084212
Front Immunol. 2019 Oct 11;10:2400
pubmed: 31681291
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Dec 15;200(12):1487-1495
pubmed: 31454263
J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2012 Aug;22(4):409-18
pubmed: 22731982
N Engl J Med. 2001 Nov 8;345(19):1368-77
pubmed: 11794169
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1988 Dec 1;193(11):1448-50
pubmed: 3209463
Chest. 2006 Oct;130(4):962-7
pubmed: 17035425
Methods Mol Biol. 2015;1237:5-15
pubmed: 25319775
N Engl J Med. 2014 Oct 9;371(15):1381-91
pubmed: 25270275
N Engl J Med. 2004 May 27;350(22):2247-56
pubmed: 15163774
Microcirculation. 2000 Apr;7(2):83-101
pubmed: 10802851
Nat Rev Immunol. 2013 Dec;13(12):862-74
pubmed: 24232462
Br J Anaesth. 2016 Mar;116(3):339-49
pubmed: 26507493
J Vet Intern Med. 2017 Nov;31(6):1749-1756
pubmed: 28862347
J Feline Med Surg. 2017 Oct;19(10):1073-1079
pubmed: 27803312
Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Oct 20;18(10):
pubmed: 29053592
Nat Rev Immunol. 2020 Feb;20(2):95-112
pubmed: 31558839
Chest. 1999 Nov;116(5):1354-9
pubmed: 10559099
JAMA. 2016 Feb 23;315(8):801-10
pubmed: 26903338
Mediators Inflamm. 2019 Jan 8;2019:2471215
pubmed: 30728749
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2009 Apr;22(2):240-73, Table of Contents
pubmed: 19366914
Nat Rev Immunol. 2013 Jan;13(1):34-45
pubmed: 23222502
Crit Care Med. 2018 Jun;46(6):997-1000
pubmed: 29767636
Cardiovasc Res. 2006 Dec 1;72(3):384-93
pubmed: 17054926
N Engl J Med. 2008 Jan 10;358(2):125-39
pubmed: 18184958
Ann Surg. 2012 Jul;256(1):18-24
pubmed: 22580944
J Crit Care. 2010 Jun;25(2):276-81
pubmed: 20149587
J Feline Med Surg. 2019 Jun;21(6):559-565
pubmed: 30099963
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2018 Sep 08;72:447-478
pubmed: 30200854
Curr Opin Crit Care. 2018 Aug;24(4):292-299
pubmed: 29846206
Nat Rev Immunol. 2013 Mar;13(3):159-75
pubmed: 23435331
Intensive Care Med. 2006 Aug;32(8):1175-83
pubmed: 16741700
Eur J Immunol. 1992 Mar;22(3):791-7
pubmed: 1372260
N Engl J Med. 2014 Apr 10;370(15):1412-21
pubmed: 24635772
J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2016 Jul;26(4):568-77
pubmed: 27144501
J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2012 Dec;22(6):631-9
pubmed: 23216837
J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2019 Nov;29(6):593-603
pubmed: 31637812
Intensive Care Med. 2010 Sep;36(9):1475-83
pubmed: 20502865
Curr Opin Immunol. 1997 Feb;9(1):4-9
pubmed: 9039775
Mol Immunol. 2018 Oct;102:32-41
pubmed: 29914696
Vet Surg. 1997 Sep-Oct;26(5):393-7
pubmed: 9381665
Platelets. 2018 Sep;29(6):533-540
pubmed: 29533683
Ann Intensive Care. 2017 Sep 7;7(1):94
pubmed: 28884343
Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2018 Jun;44(3):317-324
pubmed: 29797026
Nat Rev Immunol. 2017 Jul;17(7):407-420
pubmed: 28436424
J Crit Care. 2016 Oct;35:161-7
pubmed: 27481753
Nat Immunol. 2010 May;11(5):373-84
pubmed: 20404851
J Innate Immun. 2013;5(4):315-23
pubmed: 23486162
Annu Rev Immunol. 2002;20:197-216
pubmed: 11861602
Circ Res. 2008 May 23;102(10):1239-46
pubmed: 18403730
Front Immunol. 2019 Oct 30;10:2536
pubmed: 31736963
Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2017;49(2):167-172
pubmed: 28513821
Crit Care Med. 2009 Jun;37(6):1961-6
pubmed: 19384212
Immunity. 2019 Oct 15;51(4):609-624
pubmed: 31473100
Curr Opin Immunol. 2018 Feb;50:32-38
pubmed: 29128729
Nat Rev Immunol. 2005 Apr;5(4):331-42
pubmed: 15803152
J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2016 Jan-Feb;26(1):35-40
pubmed: 26587795
Nat Immunol. 2010 Jul;11(7):551-3
pubmed: 20562835
Shock. 2018 Apr;49(4):371-384
pubmed: 28858142
Br Med Bull. 1985 Jul;41(3):281-6
pubmed: 4027552
J Leukoc Biol. 2016 Dec;100(6):1239-1254
pubmed: 27671246
J Clin Lab Anal. 2018 Nov;32(9):e22614
pubmed: 29974524
Chest. 2019 Jan;155(1):12-14
pubmed: 30616719
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2013 Apr;24(2):91-104
pubmed: 23102645
Thromb J. 2019 May 30;17:10
pubmed: 31160889
Immunol Rev. 2016 Sep;273(1):299-311
pubmed: 27558342
Crit Care. 2020 Aug 6;24(1):488
pubmed: 32762765
J Crit Care. 2016 Dec;36:125-129
pubmed: 27546760
Nat Immunol. 2012 Mar 19;13(4):325-32
pubmed: 22430785
N Engl J Med. 2014 Oct 16;371(16):1496-506
pubmed: 25272316
Annu Rev Pathol. 2011;6:19-48
pubmed: 20887193
Blood. 2003 May 15;101(10):3765-77
pubmed: 12543869
Can Vet J. 2015 Jun;56(6):591-7
pubmed: 26028681
Crit Care. 2010;14(4):R142
pubmed: 20670424
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2000 Aug 15;217(4):531-5
pubmed: 10953718
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2008 Feb;6(2):132-42
pubmed: 18197169
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jul 23;(7):CD007594
pubmed: 23881659
Crit Care Med. 2000 Jul;28(7):2355-9
pubmed: 10921564
Cell. 2006 Feb 24;124(4):783-801
pubmed: 16497588
Surgery. 2000 Mar;127(3):309-15
pubmed: 10715987
J Immunol. 2007 Jun 15;178(12):7902-10
pubmed: 17548628
Blood. 2016 Nov 10;128(19):2327-2337
pubmed: 27609642
Crit Care. 2019 Jan 17;23(1):16
pubmed: 30654825
Anesthesiology. 2016 Oct;125(4):744-754
pubmed: 27655180
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2012 Mar 01;4(3):
pubmed: 22296764
Clin Dev Immunol. 2012;2012:962927
pubmed: 23320021
Nat Rev Immunol. 2011 Jul 25;11(8):519-31
pubmed: 21785456
Crit Care. 2012 May 24;16(3):R94
pubmed: 22624531
Crit Care Med. 2016 Oct;44(10):1891-900
pubmed: 27352125
Sci Rep. 2017 Jul 10;7(1):4978
pubmed: 28694452
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Oct 29;20(21):
pubmed: 31671729
Microorganisms. 2019 Dec 09;7(12):
pubmed: 31818022
N Engl J Med. 2015 Apr 23;372(17):1629-38
pubmed: 25776936
Int Rev Immunol. 2019;38(4):131-156
pubmed: 31066339
Shock. 2019 Aug;52(2):166-173
pubmed: 30211758
Cardiovasc Res. 2006 Oct 1;72(1):134-42
pubmed: 16934241
JAMA. 2011 Dec 21;306(23):2594-605
pubmed: 22187279
Intensive Care Med. 2017 Mar;43(3):304-377
pubmed: 28101605
Parasite Immunol. 2019 Jul;41(7):e12630
pubmed: 31063593
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2019 Jun 20;7:108
pubmed: 31281814
N Engl J Med. 2012 Jul 12;367(2):124-34
pubmed: 22738085
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Oct 1;200(7):869-880
pubmed: 31162936
J Vet Intern Med. 2017 Mar;31(2):434-441
pubmed: 28109131
N Engl J Med. 2018 Mar 1;378(9):829-839
pubmed: 29485925
Injury. 2010 Jan;41(1):21-6
pubmed: 19729158
Immunobiology. 2012 Feb;217(2):195-203
pubmed: 21855165
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004 Sep;287(3):H1013-22
pubmed: 15087287
N Engl J Med. 2014 May 1;370(18):1683-93
pubmed: 24635773
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2010 Jan 1;236(1):83-7
pubmed: 20043806
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Dec 1;106(48):20388-93
pubmed: 19918053
Annu Rev Immunol. 2015;33:257-90
pubmed: 25581309
Proteomics. 2019 Apr;19(8):e1800149
pubmed: 30758141
Mol Immunol. 2019 Sep;113:6-10
pubmed: 29198621
Pharmacoeconomics. 2015 Sep;33(9):925-37
pubmed: 25935211
Int J Infect Dis. 2014 Nov;28:111-6
pubmed: 25263503
N Engl J Med. 2015 Apr 2;372(14):1301-11
pubmed: 25776532
J Innate Immun. 2018;10(5-6):502-514
pubmed: 29763894