Neurogenesis and the development of neural sex differences in vocal control regions of songbirds.
HVC
birdsong
sex differences
sexual dimorphism
zebra finch
Journal
The Journal of comparative neurology
ISSN: 1096-9861
Titre abrégé: J Comp Neurol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0406041
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 08 2021
01 08 2021
Historique:
revised:
08
03
2021
received:
10
07
2020
accepted:
09
03
2021
pubmed:
16
3
2021
medline:
10
2
2022
entrez:
15
3
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The brain regions that control the learning and production of song and other learned vocalizations in songbirds exhibit some of the largest sex differences in the brain known in vertebrates and are associated with sex differences in singing behavior. Song learning takes place through multiple stages: an early sensory phase when song models are memorized, followed by a sensorimotor phase in which auditory feedback is used to modify song output through subsong, plastic song, to adult crystalized song. However, how patterns of neurogenesis in these brain regions change through these learning stages, and differ between the sexes, is little explored. We collected brains from 63 young male and female zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) over four stages of song learning. Using neurogenesis markers for cell division (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), neuron migration (doublecortin), and mature neurons (neuron-specific nuclear protein), we demonstrate that there are sex-specific changes in neurogenesis over song development that differ between the caudal motor pathway and anterior forebrain pathway of the vocal control circuit. In many of these regions, sex differences emerged very early in development, by 25 days post hatch, at the beginning of song learning. The emergence of sex differences in other components of the system was more gradual and had specific trajectories depending on the brain region and its function. In conclusion, we found that sex differences occurred early and continued during song learning. Moreover, transitions from the different phases of song development do not seem to depend on large changes in neurogenesis in the vocal control areas measured.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2970-2986Informations de copyright
© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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