Determination of drugs in exhumed liver and brain tissue after over 9 years of burial by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-Part 2: Benzodiazepines, opioids, and further drugs.
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Analgesics, Opioid
/ analysis
Benzodiazepines
/ analysis
Brain
/ metabolism
Chromatography, Liquid
/ methods
Exhumation
Female
Humans
Liver
/ metabolism
Male
Middle Aged
Pharmaceutical Preparations
/ analysis
Solid Phase Extraction
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
/ methods
Time Factors
Tissue Distribution
LC-MS/MS
benzodiazepines
drugs
exhumation
opioids
Journal
Drug testing and analysis
ISSN: 1942-7611
Titre abrégé: Drug Test Anal
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101483449
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jul 2021
Jul 2021
Historique:
revised:
11
03
2021
received:
29
01
2021
accepted:
12
03
2021
pubmed:
17
3
2021
medline:
29
12
2021
entrez:
16
3
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
In this publication, benzodiazepines, opioids, and further drugs were analyzed in exhumed brain and liver tissue samples in 116 cases (total) after 9.5-16.5 years of burial. Solid phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was applied. Data from literature is listed summarizing the detectability of the presented analytes after a certain time of burial. In our study, 60% of the analyzed benzodiazepines, 100% of the opioids, and 82% of further drugs were detectable. Only the benzodiazepines lorazepam, nitrazepam, flunitrazepam, and its metabolite norflunitrazepam, and the drugs butylscopolamine, metronidazole, and omeprazole were not detectable at all. Percentage of positive findings (total, and separately for brain and liver tissue) and postmortem period are listed for each analyte. Correlation of detectability depending on postmortem period and condition of tissue are presented exemplarily for midazolam. No substantial correlation was observed. Despite a long time of burial, most benzodiazepines, opioids, and further drugs were detectable in the examined tissue samples. Our results may be a good support for future exhumations in which toxicological analyses are relevant.
Substances chimiques
Analgesics, Opioid
0
Pharmaceutical Preparations
0
Benzodiazepines
12794-10-4
Types de publication
Journal Article
Validation Study
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1318-1330Informations de copyright
© 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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