Differentiation of COVID-19 signs and symptoms from allergic rhinitis and common cold: An ARIA-EAACI-GA

Asthma COVID-19 Common Cold Consensus Humans Rhinitis, Allergic / diagnosis SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19 allergic rhinitis common cold cough smell

Journal

Allergy
ISSN: 1398-9995
Titre abrégé: Allergy
Pays: Denmark
ID NLM: 7804028

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
08 2021
Historique:
revised: 23 02 2021
received: 05 01 2021
accepted: 25 02 2021
pubmed: 18 3 2021
medline: 21 7 2021
entrez: 17 3 2021
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Although there are many asymptomatic patients, one of the problems of COVID-19 is early recognition of the disease. COVID-19 symptoms are polymorphic and may include upper respiratory symptoms. However, COVID-19 symptoms may be mistaken with the common cold or allergic rhinitis. An ARIA-EAACI study group attempted to differentiate upper respiratory symptoms between the three diseases. A modified Delphi process was used. The ARIA members who were seeing COVID-19 patients were asked to fill in a questionnaire on the upper airway symptoms of COVID-19, common cold and allergic rhinitis. Among the 192 ARIA members who were invited to respond to the questionnaire, 89 responded and 87 questionnaires were analysed. The consensus was then reported. A two-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in the symptom intensity between the three diseases (p < .001). This modified Delphi approach enabled the differentiation of upper respiratory symptoms between COVID-19, the common cold and allergic rhinitis. An electronic algorithm will be devised using the questionnaire.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND
Although there are many asymptomatic patients, one of the problems of COVID-19 is early recognition of the disease. COVID-19 symptoms are polymorphic and may include upper respiratory symptoms. However, COVID-19 symptoms may be mistaken with the common cold or allergic rhinitis. An ARIA-EAACI study group attempted to differentiate upper respiratory symptoms between the three diseases.
METHODS
A modified Delphi process was used. The ARIA members who were seeing COVID-19 patients were asked to fill in a questionnaire on the upper airway symptoms of COVID-19, common cold and allergic rhinitis.
RESULTS
Among the 192 ARIA members who were invited to respond to the questionnaire, 89 responded and 87 questionnaires were analysed. The consensus was then reported. A two-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in the symptom intensity between the three diseases (p < .001).
CONCLUSIONS
This modified Delphi approach enabled the differentiation of upper respiratory symptoms between COVID-19, the common cold and allergic rhinitis. An electronic algorithm will be devised using the questionnaire.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1111/all.14815 PMID: 33730365 PMC: PMC8250633
pubmed: 33730365
doi: 10.1111/all.14815
pmc: PMC8250633
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

2354-2366

Commentaires et corrections

Type : CommentIn
Type : CommentIn

Informations de copyright

© 2021 European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Auteurs

Jan Hagemann (J)

Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

Gabrielle L Onorato (GL)

MACVIA-France, Montpellier, France.

Marek Jutel (M)

Department of Clinical Immunology, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.

Cezmi A Akdis (CA)

Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.
ORCID: 0000-0001-8020-019X

Ioana Agache (I)

Transylvania University Brasov, Brasov, Romania.
ORCID: 0000-0001-7994-364X

Torsten Zuberbier (T)

Comprehensive Allergy Center, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1466-8875

Wienczyslawa Czarlewski (W)

Medical Consulting Czarlewski, Levallois, France.

Joaquim Mullol (J)

Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic; Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3463-5007

Anna Bedbrook (A)

MACVIA-France, Montpellier, France.
MASK-air, Montpellier, France.

Claus Bachert (C)

Upper Airways Research Laboratory, ENT Department, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
Sun Yat-sen University, International Airway Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital Guangzou, Guangzou, China.
Division of ENT Diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of ENT Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4742-1665

Kazi S Bennoor (KS)

Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Karl-Christian Bergmann (KC)

Comprehensive Allergy Center, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.

Fulvio Braido (F)

Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI) and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.

Paulo Camargos (P)

Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Medical School, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

Luis Caraballo (L)

Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Campus de Zaragocilla, Edificio Biblioteca Primer piso, Cartagena, Colombia.
Foundation for the Development of Medical and Biological Sciences (Fundemeb), Cartagena, Colombia.

Victoria Cardona (V)

Allergy Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Vall d'Hebron & ARADyAL Research Network, Barcelona, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0003-2197-9767

Thomas Casale (T)

Division of Allergy/immunology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3149-7377

Lorenzo Cecchi (L)

SOS Allergology and Clinical Immunology, USL Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0658-2449

Tomas Chivato (T)

School of Medicine, University CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.

Derek K Chu (DK)

Departments of Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

Cemal Cingi (C)

ENT Department, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3934-5092

Jaime Correia-de-Sousa (J)

Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
International Primary Care Respiratory Group IPCRG, London, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0001-6459-7908

Stefano Del Giacco (S)

Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital 'Duilio Casula', University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.

Dejan Dokic (D)

University Clinic of Pulmology and Allergy, Medical Faculty Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.

Mark Dykewicz (M)

Section of Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.

Motohiro Ebisawa (M)

Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, NHO Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4117-558X

Yehia El-Gamal (Y)

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Unit, Children's hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Regina Emuzyte (R)

Clinic of Children's Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.

Jean-Luc Fauquert (JL)

CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Unité d'Allergologie de l'Enfant, Pole pédiatrique, Hopital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
ORCID: 0000-0002-6929-9819

Alessandro Fiocchi (A)

Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital Holy see, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2549-0523

Wytske J Fokkens (WJ)

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Centers, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
EUFOREA, Brussels, Belgium.

Joao A Fonseca (JA)

CINTESIS, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Allergy Unit, CUF Porto, Porto, Portugal.

Bilun Gemicioglu (B)

Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.

René-Maximiliano Gomez (RM)

Fundacion Ayre-Instituto Medico ALAS, Salta, Argentina.

Maia Gotua (M)

Center of Allergy and Immunology, Georgian Association of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Tari Haahtela (T)

Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4757-2156

Eckard Hamelmann (E)

University Hospital Bielefeld, Children's Center Bethel, EvKB, Bielefeld, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2996-8248

Tomohisa Iinuma (T)

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
ORCID: 0000-0002-9940-5520

Juan Carlos Ivancevich (JC)

Servicio de Alergia e Immunologia, Clinica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Ewa Jassem (E)

Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdansk, Poland.

Omer Kalayci (O)

Pediatric Allergy and Asthma Unit, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

Przemyslaw Kardas (P)

Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.

Musa Khaitov (M)

National Research Center, Institute of Immunology, Federal Medicobiological Agency, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4961-9640

Piotr Kuna (P)

Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.

Violeta Kvedariene (V)

Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Chest Diseases and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.

Desiree E Larenas-Linnemann (DE)

Center of Excellence in Asthma and Allergy, Médica Sur Clinical Foundation and Hospital, México City, Mexico.
ORCID: 0000-0002-5713-5331

Brian Lipworth (B)

Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, Cardiovascular & Diabetes Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.

Michael Makris (M)

Allergy Unit 'D Kalogeromitros', 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Jorge F Maspero (JF)

Argentine Association of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9750-2346

Neven Miculinic (N)

Croatian Pulmonary Society, Zagreb, Croatia.

Florin Mihaltan (F)

National Institute of Pneumology M Nasta, Bucharest, Romania.

Yousser Mohammad (Y)

National Center for Research in Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Tishreen University School of Medicine, Latakia and Syrian Private University-Damascus, Damascus, Syria.

Stephen Montefort (S)

Respiratory Physician Mater Dei Hospital Malta, Medicine University of Malta, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Medicine, La Valette, Malta.

Mario Morais-Almeida (M)

Allergy Center, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1837-2980

Ralph Mösges (R)

CRI-Clinical Research International-Ltd, Hamburg, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1928-810X

Robert Naclerio (R)

Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Hugo Neffen (H)

Center of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Diseases, Santa Fe, Argentina.

Marek Niedoszytko (M)

Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdansk, Poland.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1089-1911

Robyn E O'Hehir (RE)

Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3489-7595

Ken Ohta (K)

National Hospital Organization, Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9734-4579

Yoshitaka Okamoto (Y)

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan.

Kimi Okubo (K)

Department of Otolaryngology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.

Petr Panzner (P)

Department of Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1291-450X

Nikolaos G Papadopoulos (NG)

Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0002-4448-3468

Giovanni Passalacqua (G)

Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Ospedale Policlino San Martino -University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0002-5139-3604

Vincenzo Patella (V)

Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Agency of Health ASL Salerno, 'Santa Maria della Speranza' Hospital, Salerno, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5640-6446

Ana Pereira (A)

Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems- CINTESIS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Allergy Unit, Instituto CUF Porto and Hospital CUF Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision - MEDCIDsS, Faculty of Medicina, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.

Oliver Pfaar (O)

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4374-9639

Davor Plavec (D)

Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, School of Medicine, University J.J. Strossmayer, Osijek, Croatia.

Todor A Popov (TA)

University Hospital 'Sv Ivan Rilski'", Sofia, Bulgaria.

Emmanuel P Prokopakis (EP)

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece.

Francesca Puggioni (F)

Personalized Medicine Clinic Asthma & Allergy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.

Filip Raciborski (F)

Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

Jere Reijula (J)

Department of Pulmonology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Frederico S Regateiro (FS)

Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra and Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

Sietze Reitsma (S)

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Antonino Romano (A)

Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy.
bFondazione Mediterranea GB Morgagni, Catania, Italy.

Nelson Rosario (N)

Hospital de Clinicas, University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.

Menachem Rottem (M)

Division of Allergy Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel.

Dermot Ryan (D)

Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0002-4115-7376

Boleslaw Samolinski (B)

Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

Joaquin Sastre (J)

Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, CIBERES, Faculty of Medicine, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4689-6837

Dirceu Solé (D)

Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Milan Sova (M)

Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.

Cristiana Stellato (C)

Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1294-8355

Charlotte Suppli-Ulrik (C)

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital-Hvidovre, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Ioanna Tsiligianni (I)

Health Planning Unit, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece and International Primary Care Respiratory Group IPCRG, Aberdeen, Scotland.

Antonio Valero (A)

Pneumology and Allergy Department CIBERES and Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Arunas Valiulis (A)

Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine & Institute of Health Sciences, Vilnius, Lithuania.
European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP/UEMS-SP), Brussels, Belgium.

Erkka Valovirta (E)

Department of Lung Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Turku and Terveystalo allergy clinic, Turku, Finland.

Tuula Vasankari (T)

Filha, Finnish Lung Health Association, Helsinki, Finland.
University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

Maria Teresa Ventura (MT)

University of Bari Medical School, Unit of Geriatric Immunoallergology, Bari, Italy.

Dana Wallace (D)

Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.

De Yun Wang (Y)

Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.

Siân Williams (S)

International Primary Care Respiratory Group IPCRG, London, UK.

Arzu Yorgancioglu (A)

Celal Bayar University Department of Pulmonology, Manisa, Turkey.

Osman M Yusuf (OM)

The Allergy and Asthma Institute, Pakistan, Pakistan.

Mario Zernotti (M)

Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Villa Maria, Córdoba, Argentina.

Jean Bousquet (J)

MACVIA-France, Montpellier, France.
Comprehensive Allergy Center, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
ORCID: 0000-0002-4061-4766

Ludger Klimek (L)

Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany.

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Classifications MeSH

questionsmedicales.fr › Maladies du système immunitaire › Hypersensibilité › Hypersensibilité immédiate › Hypersensibilité respiratoire › Asthme › Differentiation of COVID-19 signs and symptoms...
questionsmedicales.fr › Maladies de l'appareil respiratoire › Infections de l'appareil respiratoire › Pneumopathie infectieuse › Pneumopathie virale › COVID-19 › Differentiation of COVID-19 signs and symptoms...
questionsmedicales.fr › Maladies de l'appareil respiratoire › Infections de l'appareil respiratoire › Rhume banal › Differentiation of COVID-19 signs and symptoms...
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes psychologiques › Processus mentaux › Pensée (activité mentale) › Prise de décision › Consensus › Differentiation of COVID-19 signs and symptoms...
questionsmedicales.fr › Eucaryotes › Animaux › Chordés › Vertébrés › Mammifères › Eutheria › Primates › Haplorhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Humains › Differentiation of COVID-19 signs and symptoms...
questionsmedicales.fr › Maladies du système immunitaire › Hypersensibilité › Hypersensibilité immédiate › Hypersensibilité respiratoire › Rhinite allergique › Differentiation of COVID-19 signs and symptoms...
questionsmedicales.fr › Virus › Virus à ARN › Virus à ARN à brin positif › Nidovirales › Coronaviridae › Coronavirus › Betacoronavirus › Virus du SRAS › SARS-CoV-2 › Differentiation of COVID-19 signs and symptoms...