The impact of type III sodium-dependent phosphate transporters (Pit 1 and Pit 2) on podocyte and kidney function.
Pit 1
Pit 2
diabetic nephropathy
podocytes
sodium-dependent phosphate transporters
vascular calcification
Journal
Journal of cellular physiology
ISSN: 1097-4652
Titre abrégé: J Cell Physiol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0050222
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
10 2021
10 2021
Historique:
revised:
26
02
2021
received:
21
12
2020
accepted:
04
03
2021
pubmed:
20
3
2021
medline:
30
11
2021
entrez:
19
3
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The sodium-dependent phosphate transporters Pit 1 and Pit 2 belong to the solute carrier 20 (SLC20) family of membrane proteins. They are ubiquitously distributed in the human body. Their crucial function is the intracellular transport of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the form of H
Substances chimiques
Phosphates
0
SLC20A1 protein, human
0
SLC20A2 protein, human
0
Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type III
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
7176-7185Informations de copyright
© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Références
Asada, Y. , Takayanagi, T. , Kawakami, T. , Tomatsu, E. , Masuda, A. , Yoshino, Y. , Sekiguchi-Ueda, S. , Shibata, M. , Ide, T. , Niimi, H. , Yaoita, E. , Seino, Y. , Sugimura, Y. , & Suzuki, A. (2019). Risedronate attenuates podocyte injury in phosphate transporter-overexpressing rats. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2019, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4194853
Azpiazu, D. , Gonzalo, S. , González-Parra, E. , Egido, J. , & Villa-Bellosta, R. (2018). Role of pyrophosphate in vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. Nefrologia, 38(3), 250-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nefroe.2018.03.003
Bacic, D. , LeHir, M. , Biber, J. , Kaissling, B. , Murer, H. , & Wagner, C. A. (2006). The renal Na+/phosphate cotransporter NaPi-IIa is internalized via the receptor-mediated endocytic route in response to parathyroid hormone. Kidney International, 69(3), 495-503. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ki.5000148
Belmokhtar, K. , Ortillon, J. , Jaisson, S. , Massy, Z. A. , Boulagnon Rombi, C. , Doué, M. , Maurice, P. , Fritz, G. , Gillery, P. , Schmidt, A. M. , Rieu, P. , & Touré, F. (2019). Receptor for advanced glycation end products: a key molecule in the genesis of chronic kidney disease vascular calcification and a potential modulator of sodium phosphate co-transporter PIT-1 expression. Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation: Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 34(12), 2018-2030. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfz012
Bergwitz, C. , & Jüppner, H. (2010). Regulation of phosphate homeostasis by PTH, vitamin D, and FGF23. Annual Review of Medicine, 61(1), 91-104. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.med.051308.111339
Berndt, T. J. , Schiavi, S. , & Kumar, R. (2005). “Phosphatonins” and the regulation of phosphorus homeostasis. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 289(6), F1170-F1182. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00072.2005
Berndt, T. , & Kumar, R. (2009). Novel mechanisms in the regulation of phosphorus homeostasis. Physiology, 24(1), 17-25. https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00034.2008
Biber, J. , Hernando, N. , Forster, I. , & Murer, H. (2009). Regulation of phosphate transport in proximal tubules. Pflugers Archiv. European Journal of Physiology, 458(1), 39-52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-008-0580-8
Biber, J. , Gisler, S. M. , Hernando, N. , Wagner, C. A. , & Murer, H. (2004). PDZ interactions and proximal tubular phosphate reabsorption. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 287(5), F871-F875. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00244.2004
Biber, J. , Hernando, N. , & Forster, I. (2013). Phosphate transporters and their function. Annual Review of Physiology, 75(1), 535-550. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-030212-183748
Blaine, J. , Chonchol, M. , & Levi, M. (2015). Renal control of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium homeostasis. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 10(7), 1257-1272. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.09750913
Bon, N. , Couasnay, G. , Bourgine, A. , Sourice, S. , Beck-Cormier, S. , Guicheux, J. , & Beck, L. (2018). Phosphate (Pi)-regulated heterodimerization of the high-affinity sodium-dependent Pi transporters Pit1/SLC20A1 and Pit2/SLC20A2 underlies extracellular Pi sensing independently of Pi uptake. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 293(6), 2102-2114. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M117.807339
Brown, R. B. , Haq, A. , Stanford, C. F. , & Razzaque, M. S. (2015). Vitamin D, phosphate, and vasculotoxicity. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 93(12), 1077-1082. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2015-0083
Chavkin, N. W. , Chia, J. J. , Crouthamel, M. H. , & Giachelli, C. M. (2015). Phosphate uptake-independent signaling functions of the type III sodium-dependent phosphate transporter, PiT-1, in vascular smooth muscle cells. Experimental Cell Research, 333(1), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.02.002
Chen, N. X. , O'Neill, K. D. , Duan, D. , & Moe, S. M. (2002). Phosphorus and uremic serum up-regulate osteopontin expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. Kidney International, 62(5), 1724-1731. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00625.x
Chiluiza, D. , Krishna, S. , Schumacher, V. A. , & Schlöndorff, J. (2013). Gain-of-function mutations in transient receptor potential C6 (TRPC6) activate extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2). Journal of Biological Chemistry, 288(25), 18407-18420. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M113.463059
Coward, R. , & Fornoni, A. (2015). Insulin signaling: Implications for podocyte biology in diabetic kidney disease. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension, 24(1), 104-110. https://doi.org/10.1097/MNH.0000000000000078
Cozzolino, M. , Foque, D. , Ciceri, P. , & Galassi, A. (2017). Phosphate in chronic kidney disease progression. Contributions to Nephrology, 190, 71-82. https://doi.org/10.1159/000468915
Crouthamel, M. H. , Lau, W. L. , Leaf, E. M. , Chavkin, N. W. , Wallingford, M. C. , Peterson, D. F. , Li, X. , Liu, Y. , Chin, M. T. , Levi, M. , & Giachelli, C. M. (2013). Sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporters and phosphate-induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells: Redundant roles for PiT-1 and PiT-2. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 33(11), 2625-2632. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.302249
Custer, M. , Lotscher, M. , Biber, J. , Murer, H. , & Kaissling, B. (1994). Expression of Na-P(i) cotransport in rat kidney: Localization by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 266(5), F767-F774. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1994.266.5.f767
Da, J. , Xie, X. , Wolf, M. , Disthabanchong, S. , Wang, J. , Zha, Y. , Lv, J. , Zhang, L. , & Wang, H. (2015). Serum phosphorus and progression of CKD and mortality: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 66(2), 258-265. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.01.009
Dhingra, R. , Sullivan, L. M. , Fox, C. S. , Wang, T. J. , D'Agostino, R. B. , Gaziano, J. M. , & Vasan, R. S. (2007). Relations of serum phosphorus and calcium levels to the incidence of cardiovascular disease in the community. Archives of Internal Medicine, 167(9), 879-885. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.167.9.879
Farmer, L. K. , Rollason, R. , Whitcomb, D. J. , Ni, L. , Goodliff, A. , Lay, A. C. , Birnbaumer, L. , Heesom, K. J. , Xu, S. Z. , Saleem, M. A. , & Welsh, G. I. (2019). TRPC6 binds to and activates calpain, independent of its channel activity, and regulates podocyte cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, and motility. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 30(10), 1910-1924. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2018070729
Faul, C. (2014). The podocyte cytoskeleton: key to a functioning glomerulus in health and disease. Podocytopathy, Basel, Karger, 183, 22-53. https://doi.org/10.1159/000359923
Faul, C. , Asanuma, K. , Yanagida-Asanuma, E. , Kim, K. , & Mundel, P. (2007). Actin up: regulation of podocyte structure and function by components of the actin cytoskeleton. Trends in Cell Biology, 17(9), 428-437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2007.06.00
Forand, A. , Koumakis, E. , Rousseau, A. , Sassier, Y. , Journe, C. , Merlin, J. F. , Leroy, C. , Boitez, V. , Codogno, P. , Friedlander, G. , & Cohen, I. (2016). Disruption of the phosphate transporter Pit1 in hepatocytes improves glucose metabolism and insulin signaling by modulating the USP7/IRS1 interaction. Cell Reports, 16(10), 2736-2748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.012
Forster, I. C. , Hernando, N. , Biber, J. , & Murer, H. (2006). Proximal tubular handling of phosphate: A molecular perspective. Kidney International, 70(9), 1548-1559. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ki.5001813
Forster, I.C. , Hernando, N. , Biber, J. , & Murer, H. (2013). Phosphate transporters of the SLC20 and SLC34 families. Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 34(2-3), 386-395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mam.2012.07.007
Forster, I.C. , Loo, D. D. R. , & Eskandari, S. (1999). Stoichiometry and Na+ binding cooperativity of rat and flounder renal type II Na+-Pi cotransporters. American Journal of Physiology, 276(4), F644-F649. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1999.276.4.f644
Fukumoto, S. (2014). Phosphate metabolism and vitamin D. BoneKEy Reports, 3, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1038/bonekey.2013.231
Garg, P. (2018). A review of podocyte biology. American Journal of Nephrology, 47(suppl. 1), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1159/000481633
Gil, Á. , Plaza-Diaz, J. , & Mesa, M. D. (2018). Vitamin D: Classic and novel actions. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 72(2), 87-95. https://doi.org/10.1159/000486536
Hong, S. H. , Park, S. J. , Lee, S. , Kim, S. , & Cho, M. H. (2015). Biological effects of inorganic phosphate: Potential signal of toxicity. Journal of Toxicological Sciences, 40(1), 55-69. https://doi.org/10.2131/jts.40.55
Institute of Medicine. (1997). Dietary reference intakes for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride. The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/5776
Jono, S. , McKee, M. D. , Murry, C. E. , Shioi, A. , Nishizawa, Y. , Mori, K. , Morii, H. , & Giachelli, C. M. (2000). Phosphate regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell calcification. Circulation Research, 87(7), 10-17. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.87.7.e10
Jüppner, H. (2011). Phosphate and FGF-23. Kidney International, 79(suppl. 121), 25-28. https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2011.27
Kavanaugh, M. P. , & Kabat, D. (1996). Identification and characterization of a widely expressed phosphate transporter/retrovirus receptor family. Kidney International, 49(4), 959-963. https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.1996.135
Kestenbaum, B. R. , Adeney, K. L. , Boer, I. H. D. , Ix, J. H. , Shlipak, M. G. , & Siscovick, D. S. (2009). Incidence and progression of coronary calcification in chronic kidney disease: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Kidney International, 76(9), 991-998. https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2009.298
Khalighi, M. A. , Gallan, A. J. , Chang, A. , & Meehan, S. M. (2018). Collapsing glomerulopathy in lambda light chain amyloidosis: A report of 2 cases. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 72(4), 612-616. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.04.009
Kopp, J. B. , Anders, H. J. , Susztak, K. , Podestà, M. A. , Remuzzi, G. , Hildebrandt, F. , & Romagnani, P. (2020). Podocytopathies. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 6(1), 68. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-020-0196-7
Lang, F. , Leibrock, C. , Pandyra, A. A. , Stournaras, C. , Wagner, C. A. , & Föller, M. (2018). Phosphate homeostasis, inflammation and the regulation of FGF-23. Kidney and Blood Pressure Research, 43(6), 1742-1748. https://doi.org/10.1159/000495393
Lau, W. L. , Festing, M. H. , & Giachelli, C. M. (2010). Phosphate and vascular calcification: Emerging role of the sodium-dependent phosphate co-transporter PiT-1. Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 104(3), 464-470. https://doi.org/10.1160/TH09-12-0814
Li, X. , & Giachelli, C. M. (2007). Sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporters and vascular calcification. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension, 16, 325-328. https://doi.org/10.1097/MNH.0b013e3281c55ef1
Li, X. , Yang, H. Y. , & Giachelli, C. M. (2006). Role of the sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter, Pit-1, in vascular smooth muscle cell calcification. Circulation Research, 98, 905-912. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.0000216409.20863.e7
Masumoto, A. , Sonou, T. , Ohya, M. , Yashiro, M. , Nakashima, Y. , Okuda, K. , Iwashita, Y. , Mima, T. , Negi, S. , & Shigematsu, T. (2017). Calcium overload accelerates phosphate-induced vascular calcification via pit-1, but not the calcium-sensing receptor. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, 24, 716-724. https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.36574
Mizobuchi, M. , Ogata, H. , Hatamura, I. , Koiwa, F. , Saji, F. , Shiizaki, K. , Negi, S. , Kinugasa, E. , Ooshima, A. , Koshikawa, S. , & Akizawa, T. (2006). Up-regulation of Cbfa1 and Pit-1 in calcified artery of uraemic rats with severe hyperphosphataemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 21(4), 911-916. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfk008
Nishimura, M. , & Naito, S. (2008). Tissue-specific mRNA expression profiles of human solute carrier transporter superfamilies. Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, 23(1), 22-44. https://doi.org/10.2133/dmpk.23.22
O'Seaghdha, C. M. , Hwang, S. J. , Muntner, P. , Melamed, M. L. , & Fox, C. S. (2011). Serum phosphorus predicts incident chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 26(9), 288-2890. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfq808
Picard, N. , Capuano, P. , Stange, G. , Mihailova, M. , Kaissling, B. , Murer, H. , Biber, J. , & Wagner, C. A. (2010). Acute parathyroid hormone differentially regulates renal brush border membrane phosphate cotransporters. Pflugers Archiv. European Journal of Physiology, 460, 677-687. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-010-0841-1
Piwkowska, A. , Rogacka, D. , Angielski, S. , & Jankowski, M. (2014). Insulin stimulates glucose transport via protein kinase G type I alpha-dependent pathway in podocytes. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 446(1), 328-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.02.108
Piwkowska, A. , Rogacka, D. , Audzeyenka, I. , Angielski, S. , & Jankowski, M. (2015). Combined effect of insulin and high glucose concentration on albumin permeability in cultured rat podocytes. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 461(2), 383-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.043
Piwkowska, A. , Rogacka, D. , Audzeyenka, I. , Kasztan, M. , Angielski, S. , & Jankowski, M. (2015). Insulin increases glomerular filtration barrier permeability through PKGIα-dependent mobilization of BKCa channels in cultured rat podocytes. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta-Molecular Basis of Disease, 1852(8), 1599-1609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.04.024
Pollak, M. R. , Quaggin, S. E. , Hoenig, M. P. , & Dworkin, L. D. (2014). The glomerulus: The sphere of influence. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 9(8), 1461-1469. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.09400913
Rachubik, P. , & Piwkowska, A. (2019). The role of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein in podocyte functioning. Cell Biology International, 43(10), 1092-1101. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbin.11149
Rachubik, P. , Szrejder, M. , Rogacka, D. , Audzeyenka, I. , Rychłowski, M. , Angielski, S. , & Piwkowska, A. (2018). The TRPC6-AMPK pathway is involved in insulin-dependent cytoskeleton reorganization and glucose uptake in cultured rat podocytes. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, 51(1), 393-410. https://doi.org/10.1159/000495236
Razzaque, M. S. (2011). Phosphate toxicity: New insights into an old problem. Clinical Science, 120(3), 91-97. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20100377
Rogacka, D. , Audzeyenka, I. , Rachubik, P. , Rychłowski, M. , Kasztan, M. , Jankowski, M. , Angielski, S. , & Piwkowska, A. (2017). Insulin increases filtration barrier permeability via TRPC6-dependent activation of PKGIα signaling pathways. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta-Molecular Basis of Disease, 1863(6), 1312-1325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.03.002
Rogacka, D. , Piwkowska, A. , Audzeyenka, I. , Angielski, S. , & Jankowski, M. (2014). Involvement of the AMPK-PTEN pathway in insulin resistance induced by high glucose in cultured rat podocytes. International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 51, 120-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2014.04.008
Rutsch, F. , Nitschke, Y. , & Terkeltaub, R. (2011). Genetics in arterial calcification: Pieces of a puzzle and cogs in a wheel. Circulation Research, 109(5), 578-592. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.247965
Saleem, M. A. , Zavadil, J. , Bailly, M. , McGee, K. , Witherden, I. R. , Pavenstadt, H. , Hsu, H. , Sanday, J. , Satchell, S. C. , Lennon, R. , Ni, L. , Bottinger, E. P. , Mundel, P. , & Mathieson, P. W. (2008). The molecular and functional phenotype of glomerular podocytes reveals key features of contractile smooth muscle cells. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 295(4), F959-F970. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00559.2007
Schlieper, G. (2018). Impact of cellular phosphate handling on vascular calcification. Kidney International, 94(4), 655-656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2018.06.027
Scott, R. P. , & Quaggin, S. E. (2015). The cell biology of renal filtration. Journal of Cell Biology, 209(2), 199-210. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201410017
Segawa, H. , Yamanaka, S. , Onitsuka, A. , Tomoe, Y. , Kuwahata, M. , Ito, M. , Taketani, Y. , & Miyamoto, K. I. (2007). Parathyroid hormone-dependent endocytosis of renal type IIc Na-Pi cotransporter. American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology, 292(1), F395-F403. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00100.2006
Sekiguchi, S. , Suzuki, A. , Asano, S. , Nishiwaki-Yasuda, K. , Shibata, M. , Nagao, S. , Yamamoto, N. , Matsuyama, M. , Sato, Y. , Yan, K. , Yaoita, E. , & Itoh, M. (2011). Phosphate overload induces podocyte injury via type III Na-dependent phosphate transporter. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 300(4), 848-856. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00334.2010
Suzuki, A. , Ghayor, C. , Guicheux, J. , Magne, D. , Quillard, S. , Kakita, A. , Ono, Y. , Miura, Y. , Oiso, Y. , Itoh, M. , & Caverzasio, J. (2006). Enhanced expression of the inorganic phosphate transporter Pit-1 is involved in BMP-2-induced matrix mineralization in osteoblast-like cells. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 21(5), 674-683. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.020603
Tsuchiya, N. , Matsushima, S. , Takasu, N. , Kyokawa, Y. , & Torii, M. (2004). Glomerular calcification induced by bolus injection with dibasic sodium phosphate Solution in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Toxicologic Pathology, 32(4), 408-412. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926230490452490
Tung, C. W. , Hsu, Y. C. , Shih, Y. H. , Chang, P. J. , & Lin, C. L. (2018). Glomerular mesangial cell and podocyte injuries in diabetic nephropathy. Nephrology, 23(S4), 32-37. https://doi.org/10.1111/nep.13451
Vervloet, M. G. , Sezer, S. , Massy, Z. A. , Johansson, L. , Cozzolino, M. , & Fouque, D. (2017). The role of phosphate in kidney disease. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 13(1), 27-38. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneph.2016.164
Villa-Bellosta, R. , & Egido, J. (2017). Phosphate, pyrophosphate, and vascular calcification: a question of balance. European Heart Journal, 38(23), 1801-1804. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv605
Villa-Bellosta, R. , Ravera, S. , Sorribas, V. , Stange, G. , Levi, M. , Murer, H. , Biber, J. , & Forster, I. C. (2009). The Na+-Pi cotransporter PiT-2 (SLC20A2) is expressed in the apical membrane of rat renal proximal tubules and regulated by dietary Pi. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 296(4), 691-699. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.90623.2008
Villa-Bellosta, R. , & Sorribas, V. (2011). Calcium phosphate deposition with normal phosphate concentration: Role of pyrophosphate. Circulation Journal, 75(11), 2705-2710. https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-11-0477
Wagner, C. A. , Hernando, N. , Forster, I. C. , & Biber, J. (2014). The SLC34 family of sodium-dependent phosphate transporters. Pflugers Archiv. European Journal of Physiology, 466(1), 139-153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-013-1418-6
Wilz, D. R. , Gray, R. W. , Dominguez, J. H. , & Lemann, J. (1979). Plasma 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D concentrations and net intestinal calcium, phosphate, and magnesium absorption in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 32(10), 2052-2060. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/32.10.2052
Wu, Y. , Han, X. , Wang, L. , Diao, Z. , & Liu, W. (2016). Indoxyl sulfate promotes vascular smooth muscle cell calcification via the JNK/Pit-1 pathway. Renal Failure, 38(10), 1702-1710. https://doi.org/10.3109/0886022X.2016.1155397
Yamada, S. , Leaf, E. M. , Chia, J. J. , Cox, T. C. , Speer, M. Y. , & Giachelli, C. M. (2018). PiT-2, a type III sodium-dependent phosphate transporter, protects against vascular calcification in mice with chronic kidney disease fed a high-phosphate diet. Kidney International, 94(4), 716-727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2018.05.015
Yao, Y. , Li, W. , Wu, J. , Germann, U. A. , Su, M. S. S. , Kuida, K. , & Boucher, D. M. (2003). Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 is necessary for mesoderm differentiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100(22), 12759-12764. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2134254100
Yu, Y. , Zhang, L. , Xu, G. , Wu, Z. , Li, Q. , Gu, Y. , & Niu, J. (2018). Angiotensin II type I receptor agonistic autoantibody induces podocyte injury via activation of the TRPC6-calcium/calcineurin pathway in pre-eclampsia. Kidney and Blood Pressure Research, 43, 1666-1676. https://doi.org/10.1159/000494744
Zoccali, C. , Ruggenenti, P. , Perna, A. , Leonardis, D. , Tripepi, R. , Tripepi, G. , Mallamaci, F. , & Remuzzi, G. (2011). Phosphate may promote CKD progression and attenuate renoprotective effect of ACE inhibition. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 22(10), 1923-1930. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2011020175