Nonmonotonic Energy Dependence of Net-Proton Number Fluctuations.

Journal

Physical review letters
ISSN: 1079-7114
Titre abrégé: Phys Rev Lett
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0401141

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
05 Mar 2021
Historique:
received: 17 09 2020
revised: 19 11 2020
accepted: 27 01 2021
entrez: 22 3 2021
pubmed: 23 3 2021
medline: 23 3 2021
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Nonmonotonic variation with collision energy (sqrt[s_{NN}]) of the moments of the net-baryon number distribution in heavy-ion collisions, related to the correlation length and the susceptibilities of the system, is suggested as a signature for the quantum chromodynamics critical point. We report the first evidence of a nonmonotonic variation in the kurtosis times variance of the net-proton number (proxy for net-baryon number) distribution as a function of sqrt[s_{NN}] with 3.1  σ significance for head-on (central) gold-on-gold (Au+Au) collisions measured solenoidal tracker at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Data in noncentral Au+Au collisions and models of heavy-ion collisions without a critical point show a monotonic variation as a function of sqrt[s_{NN}].

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.092301 PMID: 33750161
pubmed: 33750161
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.092301
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

092301

Auteurs

J Adam (J)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

L Adamczyk (L)

AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland.

J R Adams (JR)

Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.

J K Adkins (JK)

University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA.

G Agakishiev (G)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

M M Aggarwal (MM)

Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.

Z Ahammed (Z)

Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India.

I Alekseev (I)

Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218, Russia.
National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia.

D M Anderson (DM)

Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.

A Aparin (A)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

E C Aschenauer (EC)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

M U Ashraf (MU)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.

F G Atetalla (FG)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.

A Attri (A)

Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.

G S Averichev (GS)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

V Bairathi (V)

Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile.

K Barish (K)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.

A Behera (A)

State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.

R Bellwied (R)

University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA.

A Bhasin (A)

University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India.

J Bielcik (J)

Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

J Bielcikova (J)

Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic.

L C Bland (LC)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

I G Bordyuzhin (IG)

Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218, Russia.

J D Brandenburg (JD)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

A V Brandin (AV)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia.

J Butterworth (J)

Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA.

H Caines (H)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.

M Calderón de la Barca Sánchez (M)

University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.

D Cebra (D)

University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.

I Chakaberia (I)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.

P Chaloupka (P)

Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

B K Chan (BK)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.

F-H Chang (FH)

National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.

Z Chang (Z)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

N Chankova-Bunzarova (N)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

A Chatterjee (A)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.

D Chen (D)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.

J Chen (J)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.

J H Chen (JH)

Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.

X Chen (X)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.

Z Chen (Z)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.

J Cheng (J)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

M Cherney (M)

Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA.

M Chevalier (M)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.

S Choudhury (S)

Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.

W Christie (W)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

X Chu (X)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

H J Crawford (HJ)

University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

M Csanád (M)

ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.

M Daugherity (M)

Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA.

T G Dedovich (TG)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

I M Deppner (IM)

University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.

A A Derevschikov (AA)

NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia.

L Didenko (L)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

X Dong (X)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

J L Drachenberg (JL)

Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA.

J C Dunlop (JC)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

T Edmonds (T)

Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.

N Elsey (N)

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.

J Engelage (J)

University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

G Eppley (G)

Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA.

S Esumi (S)

University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.

O Evdokimov (O)

University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.

A Ewigleben (A)

Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA.

O Eyser (O)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

R Fatemi (R)

University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA.

S Fazio (S)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

P Federic (P)

Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic.

J Fedorisin (J)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

C J Feng (CJ)

National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.

Y Feng (Y)

Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.

P Filip (P)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

E Finch (E)

Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515, USA.

Y Fisyak (Y)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

A Francisco (A)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.

L Fulek (L)

AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland.

C A Gagliardi (CA)

Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.

T Galatyuk (T)

Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany.

F Geurts (F)

Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA.

A Gibson (A)

Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383, USA.

K Gopal (K)

Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India.

X Gou (X)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.

D Grosnick (D)

Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383, USA.

W Guryn (W)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

A I Hamad (AI)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.

A Hamed (A)

American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt.

S Harabasz (S)

Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany.

J W Harris (JW)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.

S He (S)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.

W He (W)

Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.

X H He (XH)

Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.

Y He (Y)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.

S Heppelmann (S)

University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.

S Heppelmann (S)

Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.

N Herrmann (N)

University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.

E Hoffman (E)

University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA.

L Holub (L)

Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

Y Hong (Y)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

S Horvat (S)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.

Y Hu (Y)

Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.

H Z Huang (HZ)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.

S L Huang (SL)

State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.

T Huang (T)

National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.

X Huang (X)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

T J Humanic (TJ)

Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.

P Huo (P)

State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.

G Igo (G)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.

D Isenhower (D)

Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA.

W W Jacobs (WW)

Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA.

C Jena (C)

Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India.

A Jentsch (A)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

Y Ji (Y)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.

J Jia (J)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.

K Jiang (K)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.

S Jowzaee (S)

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.

X Ju (X)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.

E G Judd (EG)

University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

S Kabana (S)

Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile.

M L Kabir (ML)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.

S Kagamaster (S)

Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA.

D Kalinkin (D)

Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA.

K Kang (K)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

D Kapukchyan (D)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.

K Kauder (K)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

H W Ke (HW)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

D Keane (D)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.

A Kechechyan (A)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

M Kelsey (M)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

Y V Khyzhniak (YV)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia.

D P Kikoła (DP)

Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland.

C Kim (C)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.

B Kimelman (B)

University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.

D Kincses (D)

ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.

T A Kinghorn (TA)

University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.

I Kisel (I)

Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany.

A Kiselev (A)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

M Kocan (M)

Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

L Kochenda (L)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia.

L K Kosarzewski (LK)

Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

L Kramarik (L)

Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

P Kravtsov (P)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia.

K Krueger (K)

Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.

N Kulathunga Mudiyanselage (N)

University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA.

L Kumar (L)

Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.

S Kumar (S)

Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.

R Kunnawalkam Elayavalli (R)

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.

J H Kwasizur (JH)

Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA.

R Lacey (R)

State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.

S Lan (S)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.

J M Landgraf (JM)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

J Lauret (J)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

A Lebedev (A)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

R Lednicky (R)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

J H Lee (JH)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

Y H Leung (YH)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

C Li (C)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.

C Li (C)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.

W Li (W)

Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA.

W Li (W)

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.

X Li (X)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.

Y Li (Y)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

Y Liang (Y)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.

R Licenik (R)

Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic.

T Lin (T)

Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.

Y Lin (Y)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.

M A Lisa (MA)

Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.

F Liu (F)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.

H Liu (H)

Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA.

P Liu (P)

State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.

P Liu (P)

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.

T Liu (T)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.

X Liu (X)

Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.

Y Liu (Y)

Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.

Z Liu (Z)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.

T Ljubicic (T)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

W J Llope (WJ)

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.

R S Longacre (RS)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

N S Lukow (NS)

Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.

S Luo (S)

University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.

X Luo (X)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.

G L Ma (GL)

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.

L Ma (L)

Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.

R Ma (R)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

Y G Ma (YG)

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.

N Magdy (N)

University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.

R Majka (R)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.

D Mallick (D)

National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India.

S Margetis (S)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.

C Markert (C)

University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.

H S Matis (HS)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

J A Mazer (JA)

Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.

N G Minaev (NG)

NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia.

S Mioduszewski (S)

Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.

B Mohanty (B)

National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India.

I Mooney (I)

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.

Z Moravcova (Z)

Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

D A Morozov (DA)

NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia.

M Nagy (M)

ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.

J D Nam (JD)

Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.

Md Nasim (M)

Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India.

K Nayak (K)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.

D Neff (D)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.

J M Nelson (JM)

University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

D B Nemes (DB)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.

M Nie (M)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.

G Nigmatkulov (G)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia.

T Niida (T)

University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.

L V Nogach (LV)

NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia.

T Nonaka (T)

University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.

A S Nunes (AS)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

G Odyniec (G)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

A Ogawa (A)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

S Oh (S)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

V A Okorokov (VA)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia.

B S Page (BS)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

R Pak (R)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

A Pandav (A)

National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India.

Y Panebratsev (Y)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

B Pawlik (B)

Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow 31-342, Poland.

D Pawlowska (D)

Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland.

H Pei (H)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.

C Perkins (C)

University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

L Pinsky (L)

University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA.

R L Pintér (RL)

ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.

J Pluta (J)

Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland.

J Porter (J)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

M Posik (M)

Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.

N K Pruthi (NK)

Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.

M Przybycien (M)

AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland.

J Putschke (J)

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.

H Qiu (H)

Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.

A Quintero (A)

Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.

S K Radhakrishnan (SK)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.

S Ramachandran (S)

University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA.

R L Ray (RL)

University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.

R Reed (R)

Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA.

H G Ritter (HG)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

O V Rogachevskiy (OV)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

J L Romero (JL)

University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.

L Ruan (L)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

J Rusnak (J)

Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic.

N R Sahoo (NR)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.

H Sako (H)

University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.

S Salur (S)

Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.

J Sandweiss (J)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.

S Sato (S)

University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.

W B Schmidke (WB)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

N Schmitz (N)

Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany.

B R Schweid (BR)

State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.

F Seck (F)

Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany.

J Seger (J)

Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA.

M Sergeeva (M)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.

R Seto (R)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.

P Seyboth (P)

Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany.

N Shah (N)

Indian Institute of Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India.

E Shahaliev (E)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

P V Shanmuganathan (PV)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

M Shao (M)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.

A I Sheikh (AI)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.

W Q Shen (WQ)

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.

S S Shi (SS)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.

Y Shi (Y)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.

Q Y Shou (QY)

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.

E P Sichtermann (EP)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

R Sikora (R)

AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland.

M Simko (M)

Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic.

J Singh (J)

Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.

S Singha (S)

Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.

N Smirnov (N)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.

W Solyst (W)

Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA.

P Sorensen (P)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

H M Spinka (HM)

Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.

B Srivastava (B)

Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.

T D S Stanislaus (TDS)

Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383, USA.

M Stefaniak (M)

Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland.

D J Stewart (DJ)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.

M Strikhanov (M)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia.

B Stringfellow (B)

Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.

A A P Suaide (AAP)

Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05314-970, Brazil.

M Sumbera (M)

Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic.

B Summa (B)

Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.

X M Sun (XM)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.

X Sun (X)

University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.

Y Sun (Y)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.

Y Sun (Y)

Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China.

B Surrow (B)

Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.

D N Svirida (DN)

Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218, Russia.

P Szymanski (P)

Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland.

A H Tang (AH)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

Z Tang (Z)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.

A Taranenko (A)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia.

T Tarnowsky (T)

Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.

J H Thomas (JH)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

A R Timmins (AR)

University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA.

D Tlusty (D)

Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA.

M Tokarev (M)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

C A Tomkiel (CA)

Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA.

S Trentalange (S)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.

R E Tribble (RE)

Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.

P Tribedy (P)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

S K Tripathy (SK)

ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.

O D Tsai (OD)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.

Z Tu (Z)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

T Ullrich (T)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

D G Underwood (DG)

Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.

I Upsal (I)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.

G Van Buren (G)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

J Vanek (J)

Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic.

A N Vasiliev (AN)

NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia.

I Vassiliev (I)

Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany.

F Videbæk (F)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

S Vokal (S)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

S A Voloshin (SA)

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.

F Wang (F)

Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.

G Wang (G)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.

J S Wang (JS)

Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China.

P Wang (P)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.

Y Wang (Y)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.

Y Wang (Y)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

Z Wang (Z)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.

J C Webb (JC)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

P C Weidenkaff (PC)

University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.

L Wen (L)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.

G D Westfall (GD)

Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.

H Wieman (H)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

S W Wissink (SW)

Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA.

R Witt (R)

United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, USA.

Y Wu (Y)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.

Z G Xiao (ZG)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

G Xie (G)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

W Xie (W)

Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.

H Xu (H)

Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China.

N Xu (N)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

Q H Xu (QH)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.

Y F Xu (YF)

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.

Y Xu (Y)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.

Z Xu (Z)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

Z Xu (Z)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.

C Yang (C)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.

Q Yang (Q)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.

S Yang (S)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

Y Yang (Y)

National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.

Z Yang (Z)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.

Z Ye (Z)

Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA.

Z Ye (Z)

University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.

L Yi (L)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.

K Yip (K)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

Y Yu (Y)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.

H Zbroszczyk (H)

Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland.

W Zha (W)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.

C Zhang (C)

State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.

D Zhang (D)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.

S Zhang (S)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.

S Zhang (S)

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.

X P Zhang (XP)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

Y Zhang (Y)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.

Y Zhang (Y)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.

Z J Zhang (ZJ)

National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.

Z Zhang (Z)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

Z Zhang (Z)

University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.

J Zhao (J)

Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.

C Zhong (C)

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.

C Zhou (C)

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.

X Zhu (X)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

Z Zhu (Z)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.

M Zurek (M)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

M Zyzak (M)

Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany.

Classifications MeSH