Caries risk assessment with the 'Bangkok checklist' in preschool children: A prospective cohort study.
caries management
early childhood caries
preschool children
risk assessment
Journal
International journal of paediatric dentistry
ISSN: 1365-263X
Titre abrégé: Int J Paediatr Dent
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9107511
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jan 2022
Jan 2022
Historique:
revised:
07
03
2021
received:
07
07
2020
accepted:
18
03
2021
pubmed:
27
3
2021
medline:
24
12
2021
entrez:
26
3
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Caries risk assessment in preschool children is poorly validated in prospective studies. To validate the Bangkok checklist (BCL) in predicting caries development in a cohort of preschool children from low and moderate socioeconomic areas and compare it with two established risk assessment tools. We followed 146 preschool children, aged 2-5 years for 2 years. At baseline, the caries risk category (low, moderate, high) was determined with three checklists: (a) BCL, (b) American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry form (CRAF), and (c) Caries Management By Risk Assessment (CAMBRA). Data were collected from questionnaires and clinical examinations. Caries increment was recorded by counting the number of surfaces that changed from sound to decayed. We used Kendall's tau, Poisson regression models and ROC analysis to assess the predictive ability of the different checklists. Over 50% of the children developed new caries on a yearly basis. The BCL assigned the majority of the children (87%) into the high-risk category. Sensitivity was 88% but specificity was low (16%). Accuracy of BCL was similar to CRAF but inferior to CAMBRA. Bangkok checklist had a very limited performance in accurately predicting future early childhood caries in this population.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Caries risk assessment in preschool children is poorly validated in prospective studies.
AIM
OBJECTIVE
To validate the Bangkok checklist (BCL) in predicting caries development in a cohort of preschool children from low and moderate socioeconomic areas and compare it with two established risk assessment tools.
DESIGN
METHODS
We followed 146 preschool children, aged 2-5 years for 2 years. At baseline, the caries risk category (low, moderate, high) was determined with three checklists: (a) BCL, (b) American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry form (CRAF), and (c) Caries Management By Risk Assessment (CAMBRA). Data were collected from questionnaires and clinical examinations. Caries increment was recorded by counting the number of surfaces that changed from sound to decayed. We used Kendall's tau, Poisson regression models and ROC analysis to assess the predictive ability of the different checklists.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Over 50% of the children developed new caries on a yearly basis. The BCL assigned the majority of the children (87%) into the high-risk category. Sensitivity was 88% but specificity was low (16%). Accuracy of BCL was similar to CRAF but inferior to CAMBRA.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Bangkok checklist had a very limited performance in accurately predicting future early childhood caries in this population.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
82-89Informations de copyright
© 2021 BSPD, IAPD and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Références
Martignon S, Pitts NB, Goffin G, et al. Caries Care practice guide: consensus on evidence into practice. Br Dent J. 2019;227:353-362.
Divaris K. Predicting dental caries outcome in children: a “risky” concept. J Dent Res. 2015;95:248-254.
Mejàre I, Axelsson S, Dahlén G, et al. Caries risk assessment. A systematic review. Acta Odontol Scand. 2014;72:81-91.
Senneby A, Mejàre I, Sahlin NE, Svensäter G, Rohlin M. Diagnostic accuracy of different caries risk assessment methods. A systematic review. J Dent. 2015;43:1385-1393.
Christian B, Armstrong R, Calache H, Carpenter L, Gibbs L, Gussy M. A systematic review to assess the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties for caries risk assessment tools for young children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2018;28(6):548-560.
Jørgensen MR, Twetman S. A systematic review of risk assessment tools for early childhood caries: is there evidence? Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2020;21:179-184.
Evans RW, Feldens CA, Phantunvanit P. A protocol for early childhood caries diagnosis and risk assessment. Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2018;46:518-525.
Tinanoff N, Baez RJ, Diaz Guillory C, et al. Early childhood caries epidemiology, aetiology, risk assessment, societal burden, management, education, and policy: global perspective. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2019;29:238-248.
Pitts NB, Baez RJ, Diaz-Guillory C, et al. Early childhood caries: IAPD Bangkok declaration. J Dent Child (Chic). 2019;86:72.
Holgerson PL, Twetman S, Stecksèn-Blicks C. Validation of an age-modified caries risk assessment program (Cariogram) in preschool children. Acta Odontol Scand. 2009;67:106-112.
Gao XL, Hsu CY, Xu Y, Hwarng HB, Loh T, Koh DJ. Building caries risk assessment models for children. J Dent Res. 2010;89:637-643.
Gao X, Di Wu I, Lo EC, Chu CH, Hsu CY, Wong MC. Validity of caries risk assessment programs in preschool children. J Dent Res. 2013;41:787-795.
Agouropoulos A, Birpou E, Twetman S, Kavvadia K. Validation of three caries risk assessment tools for preschool children from areas with high caries prevalence. Pediatr Dent. 2019;41:391-399.
Chaffee BW, Featherstone JD, Gansky SA, Cheng J, Zhan L. Caries risk assessment item importance: risk designation and caries status in children under age 6. JDR Clin Trans Res. 2016;1:131-142.
Bratthall D, Hänsel PG. Cariogram: a multifactorial risk assessment model for a multifactorial disease. Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2005;33:256-264.
American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Caries risk assessment and management for infants, children, and adolescents. Ref Manual. 2015-2016;37:132-139.
Agouropoulos A, Twetman S, Pandis N, Kavvadia K, Papagiannoulis L. Caries-preventive effectiveness of fluoride varnish as adjunct to oral health promotion and supervised tooth brushing in preschool children: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. J Dent. 2014;42:1277-1283.
World Health Organization. Oral Health Surveys. Basic Methods. 3rd ed. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1997.
Topping GV, Pitts NB, International Caries Detection and Assessment System. Clinical visual caries detection. Monogr Oral Sci. 2009;21:15-41.
Ainamo J, Bay I. Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque. Int Dent J. 1975;25:229-235.
Twetman S. Prevention of dental caries as a non-communicable disease. Eur J Oral Sci. 2018;126(Suppl. 1):19-25.
Dorfman DD, Alf E Jr. Maximum-likelihood estimation of parameters of signal-detection theory and determination of confidence intervals-rating-method data. J Math Psychol. 1969;6:487-496.
Hanley JA, McNeil BJ. The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Radiology. 1982;143:29-36.
Riley JL 3rd, Gordan VV, Ajmo CT, Bockman H, Jackson MB, Gilbert GH. Dentists' use of caries risk assessment and individualized caries prevention for their adult patients: findings from The Dental Practice-Based Research Network. Tex Dent J. 2015;132:18-29.
Kakudate N, Sumida F, Matsumoto Y, et al. Dentists' decisions to conduct caries risk assessment in a Dental Practice-Based Research Network. Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2015;43:128-134.
Rechmann P, Kinsel R, Featherstone JDB. Integrating Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) and prevention strategies into the contemporary dental practice. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2018;39:226-233.
Afuakwah C, Welbury R. Why do you need to use a caries risk assessment protocol to provide an effective caries preventive regime? Prim Dent J. 2015;4(4):56-66..
Yoon RK, Smaldone AM, Edelstein BL. Early childhood caries screening tools: a comparison of four approaches. J Am Dent Assoc. 2012;143:756-763.
Christian B, Calache H, Adams G, et al. A methodological study to assess the measurement properties (reliability and validity) of a caries risk assessment tool for young children. J Dent. 2020;95:103324.
Ten Cate JM, Buzalaf MAR. Fluoride mode of action: once there was an observant dentist. J Dent Res. 2019;98:725-730.
Figuero E, Nóbrega DF, García-Gargallo M, Tenuta LM, Herrera D, Carvalho JC. Mechanical and chemical plaque control in the simultaneous management of gingivitis and caries: a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2017;44(Suppl. 18):S116-S134.
Marinho VC. Evidence-based effectiveness of topical fluorides. Adv Dent Res. 2008;20(1):3-7.
Machiulskiene V, Campus G, Carvalho JC, et al. Terminology of dental caries and dental caries management: consensus report of a workshop organized by ORCA and Cariology Research Group of IADR. Caries Res. 2020;54:7-14.
Moynihan P, Tanner LM, Holmes RD, et al. Systematic review of evidence pertaining to factors that modify risk of early childhood caries. JDR Clin Trans Res. 2019;4:202-216.
Mendes FM, Braga MM, Pássaro AL, et al. How researchers should select the best outcomes for randomised clinical trials in paediatric dentistry? Int J Paediatr Dent. 2020;31(Suppl. 1):23-30.
Twetman S, Banerjee A. Caries risk assessment. In: Chapple I, Papapanou P, editors. Risk Assessment in Oral Health. 1. Cham, Switzerland: Springer; 2020:89-100. Print ISBN 978-3-030-38646-7.