Validation of a combined ELISA to detect IgG, IgA and IgM antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in mild or moderate non-hospitalised patients.


Journal

Journal of immunological methods
ISSN: 1872-7905
Titre abrégé: J Immunol Methods
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 1305440

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
07 2021
Historique:
received: 17 11 2020
revised: 18 03 2021
accepted: 20 03 2021
pubmed: 30 3 2021
medline: 8 6 2021
entrez: 29 3 2021
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Frequently SARS-CoV-2 results in mild or moderate disease with potentially lower concentrations of antibodies compared to those that are hospitalised. Here, we validated an ELISA using SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike glycoprotein, with targeted detection of IgG, IgA and IgM (IgGAM) using serum and dried blood spots (DBS) from adults with mild or moderate disease. Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike, a combined anti-IgG, IgA and IgM serology ELISA assay was developed using 62 PCR-confirmed non-hospitalised, mild or moderate COVID-19 samples, ≥14 days post symptom onset and 624 COVID-19 negative samples. The assay was validated using 73 PCR-confirmed non-hospitalised, mild or moderate COVID-19 samples, ≥14 days post symptom onset and 359 COVID-19 negative serum samples with an additional 81 DBSs. The assay was further validated in 226 PCR-confirmed non-hospitalised, mild or moderate COVID-19 samples, ≥14 days post symptom onset and 426 COVID-19 negative clinical samples. A sensitivity and specificity of 98.6% (95% CI, 92.6-100.0), 98.3% (95% CI, 96.4-99.4), respectively, was observed following validation of the SARS-CoV-2 ELISA. No cross-reactivities with endemic coronaviruses or other human viruses were observed, and no change in results were recorded for interfering substances. The assay was stable at temperature extremes and components were stable for 15 days once opened. A matrix comparison showed DBS to correlate with serum results. Clinical validation of the assay reported a sensitivity of 94.7% (95% CI, 90.9-97.2%) and a specificity of 98.4% (95% CI, 96.6-99.3%). The human anti-IgGAM SARS-CoV-2 ELISA provides accurate and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in non-hospitalised adults with mild or moderate disease. The use of dried blood spots makes the assay accessible to the wider community.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND
Frequently SARS-CoV-2 results in mild or moderate disease with potentially lower concentrations of antibodies compared to those that are hospitalised. Here, we validated an ELISA using SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike glycoprotein, with targeted detection of IgG, IgA and IgM (IgGAM) using serum and dried blood spots (DBS) from adults with mild or moderate disease.
METHODS
Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike, a combined anti-IgG, IgA and IgM serology ELISA assay was developed using 62 PCR-confirmed non-hospitalised, mild or moderate COVID-19 samples, ≥14 days post symptom onset and 624 COVID-19 negative samples. The assay was validated using 73 PCR-confirmed non-hospitalised, mild or moderate COVID-19 samples, ≥14 days post symptom onset and 359 COVID-19 negative serum samples with an additional 81 DBSs. The assay was further validated in 226 PCR-confirmed non-hospitalised, mild or moderate COVID-19 samples, ≥14 days post symptom onset and 426 COVID-19 negative clinical samples.
RESULTS
A sensitivity and specificity of 98.6% (95% CI, 92.6-100.0), 98.3% (95% CI, 96.4-99.4), respectively, was observed following validation of the SARS-CoV-2 ELISA. No cross-reactivities with endemic coronaviruses or other human viruses were observed, and no change in results were recorded for interfering substances. The assay was stable at temperature extremes and components were stable for 15 days once opened. A matrix comparison showed DBS to correlate with serum results. Clinical validation of the assay reported a sensitivity of 94.7% (95% CI, 90.9-97.2%) and a specificity of 98.4% (95% CI, 96.6-99.3%).
CONCLUSIONS
The human anti-IgGAM SARS-CoV-2 ELISA provides accurate and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in non-hospitalised adults with mild or moderate disease. The use of dried blood spots makes the assay accessible to the wider community.

Identifiants

pubmed: 33775672
pii: S0022-1759(21)00091-0
doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113046
pmc: PMC7997147
pii:
doi:

Substances chimiques

Antibodies, Viral 0
Immunoglobulin A 0
Immunoglobulin G 0
Immunoglobulin M 0

Types de publication

Clinical Trial Journal Article Validation Study

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

113046

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Auteurs

A M Cook (AM)

The Binding Site Group Ltd, 8 Calthorpe Road, Birmingham B15 1QT, UK.

S E Faustini (SE)

Clinical Immunology Service, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.

L J Williams (LJ)

The Binding Site Group Ltd, 8 Calthorpe Road, Birmingham B15 1QT, UK. Electronic address: Leigh.Williams@bindingsite.com.

A F Cunningham (AF)

Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.

M T Drayson (MT)

Clinical Immunology Service, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.

A M Shields (AM)

Clinical Immunology Service, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK.

D Kay (D)

The Binding Site Group Ltd, 8 Calthorpe Road, Birmingham B15 1QT, UK.

L Taylor (L)

The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton Road, Wolverhampton, West Midlands WV10 0QP, UK.

T Plant (T)

Clinical Immunology Service, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.

A Huissoon (A)

Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK.

G Wallis (G)

The Binding Site Group Ltd, 8 Calthorpe Road, Birmingham B15 1QT, UK.

S Beck (S)

University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK.

S E Jossi (SE)

Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.

M Perez-Toledo (M)

Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.

M L Newby (ML)

School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.

J D Allen (JD)

School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.

M Crispin (M)

School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.

S Harding (S)

The Binding Site Group Ltd, 8 Calthorpe Road, Birmingham B15 1QT, UK.

A G Richter (AG)

Clinical Immunology Service, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK.

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