Right and left inferior frontal opercula are involved in discriminating angry and sad facial expressions.

Angry Arousal hypothesis Emotion Emotion discrimination Facial expressions Inferior frontal gyrus Inferior frontal operculum Sadness Transcranial direct current stimulation

Journal

Brain stimulation
ISSN: 1876-4754
Titre abrégé: Brain Stimul
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101465726

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
Historique:
received: 02 10 2020
revised: 21 02 2021
accepted: 23 03 2021
pubmed: 1 4 2021
medline: 25 11 2021
entrez: 31 3 2021
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Neuroimaging studies suggest that the inferior frontal operculum (IFO) is part of a neuronal network involved in facial expression processing, but the causal role of this region in emotional face discrimination remains elusive. We used cathodal (inhibitory) tDCS to test whether right (r-IFO) and left (l-IFO) IFO play a role in discriminating basic facial emotions in healthy volunteers. Specifically, we tested if the two sites are selectively involved in the processing of facial expressions conveying high or low arousal emotions. Based on the Arousal Hypothesis we expected to find a modulation of high and low arousal emotions by cathodal tDCS of the r-IFO and the l-IFO, respectively. First, we validated an Emotional Faces Discrimination Task (EFDT). Then, we targeted the r-IFO and the l-IFO with cathodal tDCS (i.e. the cathode was placed over the right or left IFO, while the anode was placed over the contralateral supraorbital area) during facial emotions discrimination on the EFDT. Non-active (i.e. sham) tDCS was a control condition. Overall, participants manifested the "happy face advantage". Interestingly, tDCS to r-IFO enhanced discrimination of faces expressing anger (a high arousal emotion), whereas, tDCS to l-IFO decreased discrimination of faces expressing sadness (a low arousal emotion). Our findings revealed a differential causal role of r-IFO and l-IFO in the discrimination of specific high and low arousal emotions. Crucially, these results suggest that cathodal tDCS might reduce the neural noise triggered by facial emotions, improving discrimination of high arousal emotions but disrupting discrimination of low arousal emotions. These findings offer new insights for treating clinical population with deficits in processing facial expressions.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND
Neuroimaging studies suggest that the inferior frontal operculum (IFO) is part of a neuronal network involved in facial expression processing, but the causal role of this region in emotional face discrimination remains elusive.
OBJECTIVE
We used cathodal (inhibitory) tDCS to test whether right (r-IFO) and left (l-IFO) IFO play a role in discriminating basic facial emotions in healthy volunteers. Specifically, we tested if the two sites are selectively involved in the processing of facial expressions conveying high or low arousal emotions. Based on the Arousal Hypothesis we expected to find a modulation of high and low arousal emotions by cathodal tDCS of the r-IFO and the l-IFO, respectively.
METHODS
First, we validated an Emotional Faces Discrimination Task (EFDT). Then, we targeted the r-IFO and the l-IFO with cathodal tDCS (i.e. the cathode was placed over the right or left IFO, while the anode was placed over the contralateral supraorbital area) during facial emotions discrimination on the EFDT. Non-active (i.e. sham) tDCS was a control condition.
RESULTS
Overall, participants manifested the "happy face advantage". Interestingly, tDCS to r-IFO enhanced discrimination of faces expressing anger (a high arousal emotion), whereas, tDCS to l-IFO decreased discrimination of faces expressing sadness (a low arousal emotion).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings revealed a differential causal role of r-IFO and l-IFO in the discrimination of specific high and low arousal emotions. Crucially, these results suggest that cathodal tDCS might reduce the neural noise triggered by facial emotions, improving discrimination of high arousal emotions but disrupting discrimination of low arousal emotions. These findings offer new insights for treating clinical population with deficits in processing facial expressions.

Identifiants

pubmed: 33785407
pii: S1935-861X(21)00065-6
doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.03.014
pii:
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

607-615

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Declaration of competing interest None.

Auteurs

Igor Iarrobino (I)

Psychology Department, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Bruxelles, Belgium.

Alessandro Bongiardina (A)

Psychology Department, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.

Olga Dal Monte (O)

Psychology Department, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; Psychology Department, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.

Pietro Sarasso (P)

Psychology Department, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.

Irene Ronga (I)

Psychology Department, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.

Marco Neppi-Modona (M)

Psychology Department, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.

Rossana Actis-Grosso (R)

Psychology Department, University Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milano, Italy.

Adriana Salatino (A)

Psychology Department, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.

Raffaella Ricci (R)

Psychology Department, University of Turin, Torino, Italy. Electronic address: raffaella.ricci@unito.it.

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