8th European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia: 2020 guidelines for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of invasive fungal diseases in paediatric patients with cancer or post-haematopoietic cell transplantation.

Paediatric patients with cancer and those undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation have an increased susceptibility to invasive fungal diseases. In addition to differences in underlying conditions and comorbidities relative to adults, invasive fungal diseases in infants, children, and adolescents are unique in terms of their epidemiology, the validity of current diagnostic methods, the pharmacology and dosing of antifungal agents, and the absence of phase 3 clinical trials to provide data to guide evidence-based interventions. To re-examine the state of knowledge and to further improve invasive fungal disease diagnosis, prevention, and management, the 8th European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL-8) reconvened a Paediatric Group to review the literature and to formulate updated recommendations according to the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) and European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) grading system, which are summarised in this Review.

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Declaration of interests AHG reports research support from Gilead Sciences, Merck Sharp and Dohme, and Pfizer; is a consultant for Amplyx, Astellas, Basilea, F2G, Gilead Sciences, Merck Sharp and Dohme, and Pfizer; and served at the speakers' bureau of Astellas, Basilea, F2G, Gilead Sciences, Merck Sharp and Dohme, and Pfizer. FL served at the speakers' bureau of Gilead Sciences and Basilea. DA reports research support from Merck Sharp and Dohme; was a consultant for Pfizer; and served at the speakers' bureau of GlaxoSmithKline. EC is a consultant for Angelini Pharma and Ferrer. CG-V reports research grants from Gilead Sciences and Merck Sharp and Dohme; and served at the speakers' bureau of Gilead Sciences, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Novartis, Pfizer, Jannsen, and Lilly. JK is a consultant for Bayer. ER reports research grants from Astellas, Gilead Sciences, Merck Sharp and Dohme, and Pfizer; and is a scientific advisor and member of speakers' bureaus for Astellas, Gilead Sciences, Merck Sharp and Dohme, and Pfizer. JS reports scientific grants or serving at the speakers' bureau of Merck Sharp and Dohme, Gilead Sciences, Roche, Pfizer, and Astellas; and participated in the advisory board of Gilead Sciences, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Roche, and Pfizer. AW reports research support from Gilead Sciences; and served at the spearker's bureau of Gilead Sciences. TL reports unrestricted research support from Gilead Sciences; is a consultant for Gilead Sciences, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Pfizer, Astellas, and Roche; and serves at the speakers' bureau of Gilead Sciences, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Astellas, Pfizer, and GlaxoSmithKline. All other authors declare no competing interests.