Longitudinal evaluation of multiple biomarkers for the detection of testosterone gel administration in women with normal menstrual cycle.
Athlete Biological Passport
menstrual cycle
steroid profile
testosterone gel
women
Journal
Drug testing and analysis
ISSN: 1942-7611
Titre abrégé: Drug Test Anal
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101483449
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
May 2022
May 2022
Historique:
revised:
16
03
2021
received:
12
02
2021
accepted:
29
03
2021
pubmed:
6
4
2021
medline:
25
5
2022
entrez:
5
4
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
In women, hormonal fluctuations related to the menstrual cycle may impose a great source of variability for some biomarkers of testosterone (T) administration, which can ultimately disrupt the sensitivity of their longitudinal monitoring. In this study, the sensitivity of the current urinary and haematological markers of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP), as well as serum steroid biomarkers, was investigated for the monitoring of a 28-day T gel treatment combined with endogenous fluctuation of the menstrual cycle in 14 healthy female subjects. Additionally, the analysis of urinary target compounds was performed on a subset of samples for endogenous/exogenous origin via isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). In serum, concentrations of T and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) increased significantly during the treatment, whereas in urine matrix the most affected biomarkers were found to be the ratios of testosterone/epitestosterone (T/E) and 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol/epitestosterone (5αAdiol/E). The detection capability of both urinary biomarkers was heavily influenced by [E], which fluctuated depending on the menstrual cycle, and resulted in low sensitivity of the urinary steroidal ABP module. On the contrary, an alternative approach by the longitudinal monitoring of serum T and DHT concentrations with the newly proposed T/androstenedione ratio showed higher sensitivity. The confirmatory IRMS results demonstrated that less than one third of the tested urine samples fulfilled the criteria for positivity. Results from this study demonstrated that the 'blood steroid profile' represents a powerful complementary approach to the 'urinary module' and underlines the importance of gathering bundle of evidence to support the scenario of an endogenous prohibited substance administration.
Substances chimiques
Biomarkers
0
Steroids
0
Testosterone Congeners
0
Dihydrotestosterone
08J2K08A3Y
Testosterone
3XMK78S47O
Epitestosterone
481-30-1
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
833-850Subventions
Organisme : World Anti-Doping Agency
ID : 17D18MS
Informations de copyright
© 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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