Rhinovirus: A Narrative Review on Its Genetic Characteristics, Pediatric Clinical Presentations, and Pathogenesis.
children
enterovirus
respiratory tract infection
respiratory virus
rhinovirus
Journal
Frontiers in pediatrics
ISSN: 2296-2360
Titre abrégé: Front Pediatr
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101615492
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2021
2021
Historique:
received:
17
12
2020
accepted:
03
02
2021
entrez:
8
4
2021
pubmed:
9
4
2021
medline:
9
4
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are the leading cause of common colds. With the development of new molecular methods since the 2000s, HRVs have been increasingly involved among severe clinical infections. Recent knowledge of the HRV genetic characteristics has also improved the understanding of their pathogenesis. This narrative review aims to provide a current comprehensive knowledge about this virus in the pediatric community. HRVs represent a main cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children. HRV is the second virus involved in bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children, and HRV bronchiolitis has a higher risk of recurrent wheezing episode or asthma. Some recent findings described HRVs in stools, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid, thanks to new molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by detecting HRVs with high sensibility. However, the high rate of asymptomatic carriage and the prolonged excretion in postsymptomatic patients complicate interpretation. No sufficient data exist to avoid antibiotic therapy in pediatric high-risk population with HRV detection. Severe clinical presentations due to HRVs can be more frequent in specific population with chronic pathology or genetic particularity. Inflammatory response is mediated by the nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B pathway and production of interferon (IFN)-beta and IFN-gamma, interleukin 8 (IL8), and IL1b. No specific treatment or antiviral therapy exists, although research is still ongoing. Nowadays, in addition to benign diseases, HRVs are recognized to be involved in some severe clinical presentations. Recent advances in genetic knowledge or specific inflammatory response may lead to specific treatment.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33829004
doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.643219
pmc: PMC8019700
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
643219Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Bizot, Bousquet, Charpié, Coquelin, Lefevre, Le Lorier, Patin, Sée, Sarfati, Walle, Visseaux and Basmaci.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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