Epigenetics drive the evolution of sex chromosomes in animals and plants.
X chromosome inactivation
X upregulation
Y degeneration
Y toxicity
imprinting
meiotic sex chromosome inactivation
Journal
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
ISSN: 1471-2970
Titre abrégé: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
Pays: England
ID NLM: 7503623
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
07 06 2021
07 06 2021
Historique:
entrez:
19
4
2021
pubmed:
20
4
2021
medline:
27
10
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
We review how epigenetics affect sex chromosome evolution in animals and plants. In a few species, sex is determined epigenetically through the action of Y-encoded small RNAs. Epigenetics is also responsible for changing the sex of individuals through time, even in species that carry sex chromosomes, and could favour species adaptation through breeding system plasticity. The Y chromosome accumulates repeats that become epigenetically silenced which leads to an epigenetic conflict with the expression of Y genes and could accelerate Y degeneration. Y heterochromatin can be lost through ageing, which activates transposable elements and lowers male longevity. Y chromosome degeneration has led to the evolution of meiotic sex chromosome inactivation in eutherians (placentals) and marsupials, and dosage compensation mechanisms in animals and plants. X-inactivation convergently evolved in eutherians and marsupials via two independently evolved non-coding RNAs. In
Identifiants
pubmed: 33866802
doi: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0124
pmc: PMC8059572
doi:
Substances chimiques
DNA Transposable Elements
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
20200124Subventions
Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : R01 GM076007
Pays : United States
Organisme : Medical Research Council
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Arthritis Research UK
ID : FC001193
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
ID : FC001193
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : R56 AG057029
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : R01 GM101255
Pays : United States
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Cancer Research UK
ID : FC001193
Pays : United Kingdom
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