HIV Neuroinflammation: The Role of Exosomes in Cell Signaling, Prognostic and Diagnostic Biomarkers and Drug Delivery.
HIV neuroinflammation
blood-brain barrier
delivery
exosomes
signaling
Journal
Frontiers in cell and developmental biology
ISSN: 2296-634X
Titre abrégé: Front Cell Dev Biol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101630250
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2021
2021
Historique:
received:
02
12
2020
accepted:
17
02
2021
entrez:
19
4
2021
pubmed:
20
4
2021
medline:
20
4
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Fifty to sixty percent of HIV-1 positive patients experience HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) likely due to persistent inflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. The role that microglia and astrocytes play in HAND pathogenesis has been well delineated; however, the role of exosomes in HIV neuroinflammation and neuropathogenesis is unclear. Exosomes are 50-150 nm phospholipid bilayer membrane vesicles that are responsible for cell-to-cell communication, cellular signal transduction, and cellular transport. Due to their diverse intracellular content, exosomes, are well poised to provide insight into HIV neuroinflammation as well as provide for diagnostic and predictive information that will greatly enhance the development of new therapeutic interventions for neuroinflammation. Exosomes are also uniquely positioned to be vehicles to delivery therapeutics across the BBB to modulate HIV neuroinflammation. This mini-review will briefly discuss what is known about exosome signaling in the context of HIV in the central nervous system (CNS), their potential for biomarkers as well as their potential for vehicles to deliver various therapeutics to treat HIV neuroinflammation.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33869183
doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.637192
pmc: PMC8047197
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
637192Subventions
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : KL2 TR001413
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Mahajan, Ordain, Kutscher, Karki and Reynolds.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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