Encephalitis due to miliary tuberculosis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus: A case report.
Encephalitis
Human immunodeficiency virus
Miliary tuberculosis
Journal
Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases
ISSN: 2405-5794
Titre abrégé: J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101682877
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
May 2021
May 2021
Historique:
entrez:
19
4
2021
pubmed:
20
4
2021
medline:
20
4
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Miliary tuberculosis (TB) is a form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis due to hematogenous dissemination and occurs more frequently in immunocompromised patients. Clinical manifestations are non-specific and varied with the related organ, including central nervous system involvement. We report the first case of encephalitis associated with miliary TB in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-the infected patient. A 39-year-old male presented with severe headache, numbness in the left side of the body, and partial seizure for two weeks. Previously, the patient complaining of several weeks of cough with generalized weakness. Physical examination showed progressive left-sided weakness and numbness. Chest radiograph showed uniform-sized small nodules randomly distributed diffusely throughout the lungs. Plain computer tomography (CT) brain imaging showed hypodensity in the right parietal region. Laboratory findings showed positive for the HIV antibody test, CD4 counts were 84 cells/μL and acid-fast bacilli from sputum. He was administered empirical anti-TB treatment and was discharged without any complications on day 10. This is a rare cause of encephalitis due to miliary TB infection in HIV patients. Even though central nervous system involvement is rare in miliary TB infection, physicians should be aware of atypical features of the disease and comorbidity that may predispose this infection.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Miliary tuberculosis (TB) is a form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis due to hematogenous dissemination and occurs more frequently in immunocompromised patients. Clinical manifestations are non-specific and varied with the related organ, including central nervous system involvement. We report the first case of encephalitis associated with miliary TB in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-the infected patient.
CASE PRESENTATION
METHODS
A 39-year-old male presented with severe headache, numbness in the left side of the body, and partial seizure for two weeks. Previously, the patient complaining of several weeks of cough with generalized weakness. Physical examination showed progressive left-sided weakness and numbness. Chest radiograph showed uniform-sized small nodules randomly distributed diffusely throughout the lungs. Plain computer tomography (CT) brain imaging showed hypodensity in the right parietal region. Laboratory findings showed positive for the HIV antibody test, CD4 counts were 84 cells/μL and acid-fast bacilli from sputum. He was administered empirical anti-TB treatment and was discharged without any complications on day 10.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
This is a rare cause of encephalitis due to miliary TB infection in HIV patients. Even though central nervous system involvement is rare in miliary TB infection, physicians should be aware of atypical features of the disease and comorbidity that may predispose this infection.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33869807
doi: 10.1016/j.jctube.2021.100230
pii: S2405-5794(21)00019-X
pmc: PMC8044679
doi:
Types de publication
Case Reports
Langues
eng
Pagination
100230Informations de copyright
© 2021 The Author(s).
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