Functional difficulties mediate the association between exposure to adverse childhood experiences and headaches among children: Findings from a population-based study.
National Survey of Children's Health
adverse childhood experiences
children
functional difficulties
headaches
Journal
Headache
ISSN: 1526-4610
Titre abrégé: Headache
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 2985091R
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Apr 2021
Apr 2021
Historique:
revised:
15
01
2021
received:
16
07
2020
accepted:
08
02
2021
entrez:
23
4
2021
pubmed:
24
4
2021
medline:
15
12
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are commonly observed in the general population and often have lasting neurological and physiological effects. Previous studies have found links between exposure to ACEs, headaches, and functional difficulties in adults. However, little is known about the mechanisms through which exposure to ACEs is associated with headaches among children. To examine the association between exposure to ACEs and headaches in children, and whether functional difficulties mediate this association. Data for this cross-sectional secondary analysis study came from the 2017-2018 National Survey of Children's Health. The sample analyzed in this study was 40,953 children who were between ages 3 and 17 years. We adjusted for the complexity of the sampling design and used structural equation modeling to examine the mediating effect of functional difficulties in the association between exposure to ACEs and headaches. Based on parent reports, we found that 4.1% (1697/40,953) of the children reported frequent or severe headaches, and 9.5% (3906/40,953) were exposed to three or more ACEs. About one in four children (23.4%; 9601/40,953) had at least one functional difficulty. The results show that exposure to ACEs was directly positively associated with functional difficulties (β = 0.16, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 0.15-0.17), and functional difficulties were in turn positively associated with headaches (β = 0.17, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 0.12-0.22). The Sobel test of indirect effect showed that functional difficulties partially mediated the association between exposure to ACEs and headaches (β = 0.027, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 0.022-0.029). Also, older children and children with brain injury were more likely to report experiencing headaches. The findings from this study suggest an association between exposure to ACEs and headaches among children, and functional difficulties partially mediate this association.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are commonly observed in the general population and often have lasting neurological and physiological effects. Previous studies have found links between exposure to ACEs, headaches, and functional difficulties in adults. However, little is known about the mechanisms through which exposure to ACEs is associated with headaches among children.
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
To examine the association between exposure to ACEs and headaches in children, and whether functional difficulties mediate this association.
METHODS
METHODS
Data for this cross-sectional secondary analysis study came from the 2017-2018 National Survey of Children's Health. The sample analyzed in this study was 40,953 children who were between ages 3 and 17 years. We adjusted for the complexity of the sampling design and used structural equation modeling to examine the mediating effect of functional difficulties in the association between exposure to ACEs and headaches.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Based on parent reports, we found that 4.1% (1697/40,953) of the children reported frequent or severe headaches, and 9.5% (3906/40,953) were exposed to three or more ACEs. About one in four children (23.4%; 9601/40,953) had at least one functional difficulty. The results show that exposure to ACEs was directly positively associated with functional difficulties (β = 0.16, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 0.15-0.17), and functional difficulties were in turn positively associated with headaches (β = 0.17, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 0.12-0.22). The Sobel test of indirect effect showed that functional difficulties partially mediated the association between exposure to ACEs and headaches (β = 0.027, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 0.022-0.029). Also, older children and children with brain injury were more likely to report experiencing headaches.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
The findings from this study suggest an association between exposure to ACEs and headaches among children, and functional difficulties partially mediate this association.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
673-682Subventions
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R25 MH118935
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© 2021 American Headache Society.
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