The novel Mechanical Ventilator Milano for the COVID-19 pandemic.


Journal

Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994)
ISSN: 1070-6631
Titre abrégé: Phys Fluids (1994)
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101286829

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
Mar 2021
Historique:
received: 16 01 2021
accepted: 14 02 2021
entrez: 26 4 2021
pubmed: 27 4 2021
medline: 27 4 2021
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

This paper presents the Mechanical Ventilator Milano (MVM), a novel intensive therapy mechanical ventilator designed for rapid, large-scale, low-cost production for the COVID-19 pandemic. Free of moving mechanical parts and requiring only a source of compressed oxygen and medical air to operate, the MVM is designed to support the long-term invasive ventilation often required for COVID-19 patients and operates in pressure-regulated ventilation modes, which minimize the risk of furthering lung trauma. The MVM was extensively tested against ISO standards in the laboratory using a breathing simulator, with good agreement between input and measured breathing parameters and performing correctly in response to fault conditions and stability tests. The MVM has obtained Emergency Use Authorization by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in healthcare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic and Health Canada Medical Device Authorization for Importation or Sale, under Interim Order for Use in Relation to COVID-19. Following these certifications, mass production is ongoing and distribution is under way in several countries. The MVM was designed, tested, prepared for certification, and mass produced in the space of a few months by a unique collaboration of respiratory healthcare professionals and experimental physicists, working with industrial partners, and is an excellent ventilator candidate for this pandemic anywhere in the world.

Identifiants

pubmed: 33897243
doi: 10.1063/5.0044445
pii: 5.0044445
pmc: PMC8060010
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Pagination

037122

Informations de copyright

© 2021 Author(s).

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Auteurs

A Abba (A)

Nuclear Instruments S.R.L., Como 22045, Italy.

C Accorsi (C)

Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy.

P Agnes (P)

Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA.

E Alessi (E)

Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, ISTP-CNR, Milano 20125, Italy.

P Amaudruz (P)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

A Annovi (A)

INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa 56127, Italy.

F Ardellier Desages (FA)

APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France.

S Back (S)

SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada.

C Badia (C)

Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila 67100, Italy.

J Bagger (J)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

V Basile (V)

Istituto di Sistemi e Tecnologie Industriali Intelligenti per il Manifatturiero Avanzato, CNR STIIMA, Milano 20133, Italy.

A Bayo (A)

LSC, Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc, Canfranc-Estación 22880, Spain.

B Bell (B)

JMP Solutions, London, Ontario N6N 1E2, Canada.

D Biagini (D)

Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy.

G Bianchi (G)

Istituto di Sistemi e Tecnologie Industriali Intelligenti per il Manifatturiero Avanzato, CNR STIIMA, Milano 20133, Italy.

S Bicelli (S)

Camozzi Group S.p.A., Brescia BS 25126, Italy.

D Bishop (D)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

T Boccali (T)

INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa 56127, Italy.

A Bombarda (A)

Dipartimento di Ingegneria Gestionale, dell'Informazione e della Produzione, Università di Bergamo, Bergamo, 24129, Italy.

S Bonfanti (S)

Dipartimento di Ingegneria Gestionale, dell'Informazione e della Produzione, Università di Bergamo, Bergamo, 24129, Italy.

W M Bonivento (WM)

INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy.

M Bouchard (M)

Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada.

M Breviario (M)

Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy.

S Brice (S)

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA.

R Brown (R)

Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada.

J M Calvo-Mozota (JM)

LSC, Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc, Canfranc-Estación 22880, Spain.

L Camozzi (L)

Camozzi Group S.p.A., Brescia BS 25126, Italy.

M Camozzi (M)

Camozzi Group S.p.A., Brescia BS 25126, Italy.

A Capra (A)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

M Caravati (M)

INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy.

M Carlini (M)

Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila 67100, Italy.

A Ceccanti (A)

INFN-CNAF, Bologna 40127, Italy.

B Celano (B)

INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy.

J M Cela Ruiz (JM)

CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid 28040, Spain.

C Charette (C)

Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada.

G Cogliati (G)

Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy.

M Constable (M)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

C Crippa (C)

Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy.

G Croci (G)

Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy.

S Cudmore (S)

Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada.

A Dal Molin (A)

Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy.

M Daley (M)

Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada.

C Di Guardo (C)

Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche ed Aziendali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy.

G D'Avenio (G)

National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, ISS (Italy National Institute of Health), Roma 00161, Italy.

O Davignon (O)

Laboratoire Leprince Ringuet, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, Cedex 91128, France.

M Del Tutto (M)

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA.

J De Ruiter (J)

Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada.

A Devoto (A)

Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy.

P Diaz Gomez Maqueo (P)

Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada.

F Di Francesco (F)

Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy.

M Dossi (M)

Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy.

E Druszkiewicz (E)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.

C Duma (C)

INFN-CNAF, Bologna 40127, Italy.

E Elliott (E)

Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada.

D Farina (D)

Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, ISTP-CNR, Milano 20125, Italy.

C Fernandes (C)

VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada.

G Finocchiaro (G)

Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy.

R Ford (R)

SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada.

R D Fournier (RD)

Exida Canada Ltd., Mississauga, Ontario L5G 2B6, Canada.

D Franco (D)

APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France.

C Fricbergs (C)

VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada.

F Gabriele (F)

INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy.

P Garcia Abia (P)

CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid 28040, Spain.

A Gargantini (A)

Dipartimento di Ingegneria Gestionale, dell'Informazione e della Produzione, Università di Bergamo, Bergamo, 24129, Italy.

L Giacomelli (L)

Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, ISTP-CNR, Milano 20125, Italy.

F Giacomini (F)

INFN-CNAF, Bologna 40127, Italy.

F Giacomini (F)

Camozzi Group S.p.A., Brescia BS 25126, Italy.

L S Giarratana (LS)

Policlinico San Pietro, Ponte San Pietro 24036, Italy.

S Gillespie (S)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

D Giorgi (D)

Camozzi Group S.p.A., Brescia BS 25126, Italy.

T Girma (T)

VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada.

R Gobui (R)

VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada.

F Golf (F)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68508, USA.

P Gorel (P)

SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada.

G Gorini (G)

Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy.

E Gramellini (E)

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA.

G Grosso (G)

Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, ISTP-CNR, Milano 20125, Italy.

F Guescini (F)

Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), 80805 München, Germany.

E Guetre (E)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

G Hackman (G)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

T Hadden (T)

Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada.

W Hawkins (W)

VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada.

K Hayashi (K)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

A Heavey (A)

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA.

G Hersak (G)

Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada.

N Hessey (N)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

G Hockin (G)

JMP Solutions, London, Ontario N6N 1E2, Canada.

K Hudson (K)

VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada.

A Ianni (A)

Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.

C Ienzi (C)

Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada.

V Ippolito (V)

INFN Sezione di Roma, Roma 00185, Italy.

C C James (CC)

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA.

C Jillings (C)

SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada.

C Kendziora (C)

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA.

S Khan (S)

VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada.

E Kim (E)

Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada.

M King (M)

Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada.

S King (S)

JMP Solutions, London, Ontario N6N 1E2, Canada.

A Kittmer (A)

Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada.

I Kochanek (I)

INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy.

J Kowalkowski (J)

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA.

M Kushoro (M)

Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy.

S Kuula (S)

SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada.

G Leblond (G)

Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada.

L Lee (L)

Department of APT, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 1M9, Canada.

A Lennarz (A)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

M Leyton (M)

INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy.

X Li (X)

Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.

P Liimatainen (P)

SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada.

C Lim (C)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

T Lindner (T)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

T Lomonaco (T)

Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy.

P Lu (P)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

R Lubna (R)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

G A Lukhanin (GA)

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA.

G Luzón (G)

CAPA (Centro de Astropartículas y Física de Altas Energías), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.

M MacDonald (M)

Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada.

G Magni (G)

Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy.

R Maharaj (R)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

S Manni (S)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

C Mapelli (C)

Dipartimento di Meccanica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20156, Italy.

P Margetak (P)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

L Martin (L)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

S Martin (S)

VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada.

N Massacret (N)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

P McClurg (P)

Department of Respiratory and Anaesthesia Technology, Vanier College, Montréal, Quebec H4L 3X9, Canada.

E Meazzi (E)

Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy.

R Migalla (R)

VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada.

T Mohayai (T)

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA.

L M Tosatti (LM)

Istituto di Sistemi e Tecnologie Industriali Intelligenti per il Manifatturiero Avanzato, CNR STIIMA, Milano 20133, Italy.

G Monzani (G)

Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy.

C Moretti (C)

Dipartimento di Pediatria, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma 00185, Italy.

B Morrison (B)

VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada.

M Mountaniol (M)

VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada.

A Muraro (A)

Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, ISTP-CNR, Milano 20125, Italy.

P Napoli (P)

Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy.

F Nati (F)

Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy.

C R Natzke (CR)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

A Norrick (A)

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA.

K Olchanski (K)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

A Ortiz de Solorzano (A)

CAPA (Centro de Astropartículas y Física de Altas Energías), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.

F Padula (F)

School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth (Washington), Australia.

I Palumbo (I)

Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo, Monza 20900, Italy.

E Panontin (E)

Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy.

N Papini (N)

Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy.

L Parmeggiano (L)

Sergio Installazioni snc, Treviglio (BG) 24047, Italy.

S Parmeggiano (S)

INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy.

K Patel (K)

VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada.

A Patel (A)

VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada.

M Paterno (M)

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA.

C Pellegrino (C)

INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy.

A Pocar (A)

Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.

A Pope (A)

JMP Solutions, London, Ontario N6N 1E2, Canada.

S Pordes (S)

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA.

F Prelz (F)

INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy.

O Putignano (O)

Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy.

J L Raaf (JL)

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA.

C Ratti (C)

Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy.

M Razeti (M)

INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy.

A Razeto (A)

INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy.

D Reed (D)

Equilibar L.L.C., Fletcher, North Carolina 28732, USA.

J Refsgaard (J)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

T Reilly (T)

VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada.

A Renshaw (A)

Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA.

F Retriere (F)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

E Riccobene (E)

Dipartimento di Informatica, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy.

D Rigamonti (D)

Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, ISTP-CNR, Milano 20125, Italy.

J Romualdez (J)

Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.

L Russel (L)

JMP Solutions, London, Ontario N6N 1E2, Canada.

D Sablone (D)

INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy.

S Sala (S)

Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy.

D Salomoni (D)

INFN-CNAF, Bologna 40127, Italy.

P Salvo (P)

Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica del CNR, IFC-CNR, Pisa 56124, Italy.

A Sandoval (A)

VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada.

E Sansoucy (E)

Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada.

R Santorelli (R)

CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid 28040, Spain.

C Savarese (C)

Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.

E Scapparone (E)

INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.

T Schaubel (T)

Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada.

S Scorza (S)

SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada.

M Settimo (M)

SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes 44300, France.

B Shaw (B)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

S Shawyer (S)

JMP Solutions, London, Ontario N6N 1E2, Canada.

A Sher (A)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

A Shi (A)

Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada.

A Slutsky (A)

St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada.

B Smith (B)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

N J T Smith (NJT)

SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada.

A Stenzler (A)

12th Man Technologies, Garden Grove, California 92841, USA.

C Straubel (C)

Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada.

P Stringari (P)

MINES ParisTech, PSL University, CTP-Centre of Thermodynamics of Processes, 77300 Fontainebleau, France.

M Suchenek (M)

AstroCeNT, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 00-614, Poland.

B Sur (B)

Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada.

S Tacchino (S)

SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada.

L Takeuchi (L)

Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.

M Tardocchi (M)

Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, ISTP-CNR, Milano 20125, Italy.

R Tartaglia (R)

INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy.

E Thomas (E)

Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.

D Trask (D)

Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada.

J Tseng (J)

Department of Physics, University of Oxford, The Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom.

L Tseng (L)

VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada.

L VanPagee (L)

JMP Solutions, London, Ontario N6N 1E2, Canada.

V Vedia (V)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

B Velghe (B)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

A Visioli (A)

Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Industriale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy.

L Viviani (L)

Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy.

D Vonica (D)

VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada.

M Wada (M)

AstroCeNT, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 00-614, Poland.

D Walter (D)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

H Wang (H)

Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.

M H L S Wang (MHLS)

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA.

S Westerdale (S)

INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy.

D Wood (D)

Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada.

D Yates (D)

TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

S Yue (S)

Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada.

V Zambrano (V)

CAPA (Centro de Astropartículas y Física de Altas Energías), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.

Classifications MeSH