Gut Leakage of Fungal-Related Products: Turning Up the Heat for HIV Infection.
HIV
beta-D-glucan [BDG]
fungi
immune activation
inflammation
Journal
Frontiers in immunology
ISSN: 1664-3224
Titre abrégé: Front Immunol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101560960
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2021
2021
Historique:
received:
20
01
2021
accepted:
22
03
2021
entrez:
29
4
2021
pubmed:
30
4
2021
medline:
29
9
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The intestinal epithelial layer serves as a physical and functional barrier between the microbiota in the lumen and immunologically active submucosa. Th17 T-cell function protects the gut epithelium from aggression from microbes and their by-products. Loss of barrier function has been associated with enhanced translocation of microbial products which act as endotoxins, leading to local and systemic immune activation. Whereas the inflammatory role of LPS produced by Gram-negative bacteria has been extensively studied, the role of fungal products such as β-D-glucan remains only partially understood. As HIV infection is characterized by impaired gut Th17 function and increased gut permeability, we critically review mechanisms of immune activation related to fungal translocation in this viral infection. Additionally, we discuss markers of fungal translocation for diagnosis and monitoring of experimental treatment responses. Targeting gut barrier dysfunction and reducing fungal translocation are emerging strategies for the prevention and treatment of HIV-associated inflammation and may prove useful in other inflammatory chronic diseases.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33912183
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.656414
pmc: PMC8071945
doi:
Substances chimiques
Biomarkers
0
beta-Glucans
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
656414Subventions
Organisme : CIHR
ID : MOP 103230
Pays : Canada
Organisme : CIHR
ID : PTJ 166049
Pays : Canada
Organisme : CIHR
ID : CTN 257
Pays : Canada
Organisme : CIHR
ID : CTN PT032
Pays : Canada
Organisme : CIHR
ID : CTNPT038
Pays : Canada
Organisme : CIHR
ID : HB2-164064
Pays : Canada
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Isnard, Lin, Bu, Fombuena, Royston and Routy.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Références
EBioMedicine. 2021 Mar;65:103270
pubmed: 33662832
AIDS. 2020 Jun 1;34(7):1009-1018
pubmed: 32073452
BMC Infect Dis. 2013 May 04;13:203
pubmed: 23641933
ISME J. 2020 Feb;14(2):609-622
pubmed: 31719654
Nat Immunol. 2021 Jan;22(1):2-6
pubmed: 33293712
Virulence. 2017 Apr 3;8(3):352-358
pubmed: 27736307
Nat Commun. 2018 Feb 21;9(1):751
pubmed: 29467448
Nat Med. 2006 Dec;12(12):1365-71
pubmed: 17115046
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2019 May;35(5):461-472
pubmed: 30784316
Front Immunol. 2016 Oct 03;7:404
pubmed: 27752257
Pathog Immun. 2020 Dec 30;5(1):364-381
pubmed: 33501400
Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Aug 1;69(4):676-686
pubmed: 30418519
Open Forum Infect Dis. 2019 Jul 1;6(7):
pubmed: 31363763
Lancet. 2018 Aug 25;392(10148):685-697
pubmed: 30049419
J Neurovirol. 2019 Dec;25(6):837-843
pubmed: 31297727
Microbiome. 2017 Nov 25;5(1):153
pubmed: 29178920
Front Immunol. 2019 Mar 18;10:465
pubmed: 30967860
J Fungi (Basel). 2020 Dec 29;7(1):
pubmed: 33383818
BMC Infect Dis. 2020 Nov 16;20(1):850
pubmed: 33198667
PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e45781
pubmed: 23049859
Med Mycol. 2009 Nov;47(7):722-33
pubmed: 19888805
Annu Rev Immunol. 2012;30:149-73
pubmed: 22224779
GMS Infect Dis. 2015;3:
pubmed: 27917362
Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Mar;95(11):e3162
pubmed: 26986173
Gastroenterology. 2008 Jul;135(1):226-33
pubmed: 18457674
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Jan;72(1):793-801
pubmed: 16391120
PLoS One. 2017 Jul 27;12(7):e0181439
pubmed: 28750040
PLoS One. 2017 Sep 21;12(9):e0183372
pubmed: 28934209
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014 Aug;34(8):1731-8
pubmed: 24903093
Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020 Sep 11;7(9):ofaa338
pubmed: 32964062
Cell Host Microbe. 2013 Oct 16;14(4):387-97
pubmed: 24139398
AIDS. 2018 Apr 24;32(7):945-954
pubmed: 29424776
Nature. 2013 Jun 20;498(7454):367-70
pubmed: 23698366
BMJ Open. 2019 Apr 20;9(4):e028444
pubmed: 31005944
AIDS. 2011 Jul 17;25(11):1385-94
pubmed: 21505312
JCI Insight. 2021 Apr 8;6(7):
pubmed: 33630761
EBioMedicine. 2019 Aug;46:522-531
pubmed: 31327693
Shock. 2016 Nov;46(5):506-518
pubmed: 27172153
J Exp Med. 2002 Aug 5;196(3):407-12
pubmed: 12163569
PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e32028
pubmed: 22363790
J Immunol. 2002 Oct 1;169(7):3876-82
pubmed: 12244185
Open Forum Infect Dis. 2021 Mar 07;8(6):ofab109
pubmed: 34189152
Nat Commun. 2020 May 22;11(1):2577
pubmed: 32444671
J Infect Dis. 2020 Apr 27;221(10):1598-1606
pubmed: 31282542
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2020 Dec 15;85(5):665-669
pubmed: 33177477
Nat Rev Immunol. 2020 Jun;20(6):375-388
pubmed: 32132681
PLoS Pathog. 2020 Jul 30;16(7):e1008684
pubmed: 32730326
J Clin Virol. 2014 Jul;60(3):295-300
pubmed: 24793968
AIDS Res Ther. 2020 May 12;17(1):15
pubmed: 32398104
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013 Jan;26(1):2-18
pubmed: 23297256
J Infect Dis. 2020 Jan 1;221(1):110-121
pubmed: 31504638
Immunity. 2018 Sep 18;49(3):504-514.e4
pubmed: 30231984
Mycoses. 2021 Jan;64(1):24-29
pubmed: 32780885
Clin Infect Dis. 2020 May 23;70(11):2413-2422
pubmed: 31260509
Front Med (Lausanne). 2020 Aug 06;7:421
pubmed: 32850913
J Innate Immun. 2018;10(3):189-201
pubmed: 29393221
Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Jan 2;70(2):232-241
pubmed: 30877304
Mucosal Immunol. 2018 Sep;11(5):1429-1440
pubmed: 29907866
Drugs. 2016 Apr;76(5):533-49
pubmed: 26915027
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2018 Jan;13(1):69-72
pubmed: 29028668
BMJ Open. 2021 Jan 8;11(1):e041734
pubmed: 33419911
Front Immunol. 2019 Feb 21;10:289
pubmed: 30846990
Open Forum Infect Dis. 2018 Nov 05;5(11):ofy288
pubmed: 30515430
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2019 Jan;11(1):e1438
pubmed: 30255552
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2019 May;89:24-33
pubmed: 29522806
J Immunol. 2015 Dec 1;195(11):5318-26
pubmed: 26519534
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012 Dec 1;61(4):462-8
pubmed: 22972021
Nat Microbiol. 2018 Jan;3(1):53-61
pubmed: 29133884
J Immunol Res. 2018 Sep 3;2018:6248590
pubmed: 30255106
Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Sep 12;71(6):1438-1446
pubmed: 31608409
Front Immunol. 2017 Jul 07;8:791
pubmed: 28736555
Open Forum Infect Dis. 2019 Nov 11;6(11):ofz434
pubmed: 31737737
J Neurovirol. 2018 Feb;24(1):16-27
pubmed: 29063516