Factors Differentiating the Antioxidant Activity of Macular Xanthophylls in the Human Eye Retina.
fovea
lipid bilayer
lutein
macular xanthophyll
zeaxanthin
Journal
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2076-3921
Titre abrégé: Antioxidants (Basel)
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101668981
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
14 Apr 2021
14 Apr 2021
Historique:
received:
30
01
2021
revised:
01
04
2021
accepted:
07
04
2021
entrez:
30
4
2021
pubmed:
1
5
2021
medline:
1
5
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Macular xanthophylls, which are absorbed from the human diet, accumulate in high concentrations in the human retina, where they efficiently protect against oxidative stress that may lead to retinal damage. In addition, macular xanthophylls are uniquely spatially distributed in the retina. The zeaxanthin concentration (including the lutein metabolite meso-zeaxanthin) is ~9-fold greater than lutein concentration in the central fovea. These numbers do not correlate at all with the dietary intake of xanthophylls, for which there is a dietary zeaxanthin-to-lutein molar ratio of 1:12 to 1:5. The unique spatial distributions of macular xanthophylls-lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin-in the retina, which developed during evolution, maximize the protection of the retina provided by these xanthophylls. We will correlate the differences in the spatial distributions of macular xanthophylls with their different antioxidant activities in the retina. Can the major protective function of macular xanthophylls in the retina, namely antioxidant actions, explain their evolutionarily determined, unique spatial distributions? In this review, we will address this question.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33919673
pii: antiox10040601
doi: 10.3390/antiox10040601
pmc: PMC8070478
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Subventions
Organisme : NEI NIH HHS
ID : R01 EY015526
Pays : United States
Organisme : Foundation for Polish Science
ID : TEAM/2016-3/21
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : R01 EY015526
Pays : United States
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