Melatonin as a Chronobiotic and Cytoprotective Agent in Parkinson's Disease.
aging
glymphatic system
melatonin
neurodegeneration
oxidative stress
parkinson’s disease
sleep
Journal
Frontiers in pharmacology
ISSN: 1663-9812
Titre abrégé: Front Pharmacol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101548923
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2021
2021
Historique:
received:
07
01
2021
accepted:
10
03
2021
entrez:
3
5
2021
pubmed:
4
5
2021
medline:
4
5
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
This article discusses the role that melatonin may have in the prevention and treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). In parkinsonian patients circulating melatonin levels are consistently disrupted and the potential therapeutic value of melatonin on sleep disorders in PD was examined in a limited number of clinical studies using 2-5 mg/day melatonin at bedtime. The low levels of melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptor density in substantia nigra and amygdala found in PD patients supported the hypothesis that the altered sleep/wake cycle seen in PD could be due to a disrupted melatonergic system. Motor symptomatology is seen in PD patients when about 75% of the dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta region degenerate. Nevertheless, symptoms like rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD), hyposmia or depression may precede the onset of motor symptoms in PD for years and are index of worse prognosis. Indeed, RBD patients may evolve to an α-synucleinopathy within 10 years of RBD onset. Daily bedtime administration of 3-12 mg of melatonin has been demonstrated effective in RDB treatment and may halt neurodegeneration to PD. In studies on animal models of PD melatonin was effective to curtail symptomatology in doses that allometrically projected to humans were in the 40-100 mg/day range, rarely employed clinically. Therefore, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies are urgently needed in this respect.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33935759
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.650597
pii: 650597
pmc: PMC8082390
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
650597Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Pérez-Lloret and Cardinali.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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