Sex differences in anxiety and depression in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Investigating genetic liability and comorbidity.
ADHD
ALSPAC
anxiety disorders
depression
polygenic risk scores
sex differences
Journal
American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics
ISSN: 1552-485X
Titre abrégé: Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101235742
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
10 2021
10 2021
Historique:
revised:
04
03
2021
received:
12
01
2021
accepted:
13
03
2021
pubmed:
4
5
2021
medline:
15
1
2022
entrez:
3
5
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
It is unknown why attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is more common in males, whereas anxiety and depression show a female population excess. We tested the hypothesis that anxiety and depression risk alleles manifest as ADHD in males. We also tested whether anxiety and depression in children with ADHD show a different etiology to typical anxiety and depression and whether this differs by sex. The primary clinical ADHD sample consisted of 885 (14% female) children. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed using standardized interviews. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were derived using large genetic studies. Replication samples included independent clinical ADHD samples (N = 3,794; 25.7% female) and broadly defined population ADHD samples (N = 995; 33.4% female). We did not identify sex differences in anxiety or depression PRS in children with ADHD. In the primary sample, anxiety PRS were associated with social and generalized anxiety in males, with evidence of a sex-by-PRS interaction for social anxiety. These results did not replicate in the broadly defined ADHD sample. Depression PRS were not associated with comorbid depression symptoms. The results suggest that anxiety and depression genetic risks are not more likely to lead to ADHD in males. Also, the evidence for shared etiology between anxiety symptoms in those with ADHD and typical anxiety was weak and needs replication.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33939260
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32842
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
412-422Subventions
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : G1000632
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/L010305/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MC_UU_00011/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MC_PC_15018
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/M012964/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
ID : 079711
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MC_PC_19009
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
ID : 204895/Z/16/Z
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : G9815508
Pays : United Kingdom
Informations de copyright
© 2021 The Authors. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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