Nutmegs and wild nutmegs: An update on ethnomedicines, phytochemicals, pharmacology, and toxicity of the Myristicaceae species.
Myristicaceae
biomarkers
ethnomedicine
nutmegs
pharmacology
toxicity
Journal
Phytotherapy research : PTR
ISSN: 1099-1573
Titre abrégé: Phytother Res
Pays: England
ID NLM: 8904486
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Sep 2021
Sep 2021
Historique:
revised:
06
03
2021
received:
30
10
2020
accepted:
09
03
2021
pubmed:
15
5
2021
medline:
30
9
2021
entrez:
14
5
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Prized medicinal spice true nutmeg is obtained from Myristica fragrans Houtt. Rest species of the family Myristicaceae are known as wild nutmegs. Nutmegs and wild nutmegs are a rich reservoir of bioactive molecules and used in traditional medicines of Europe, Asia, Africa, America against madness, convulsion, cancer, skin infection, malaria, diarrhea, rheumatism, asthma, cough, cold, as stimulant, tonics, and psychotomimetic agents. Nutmegs are cultivated around the tropics for high-value commercial spice, used in global cuisine. A thorough literature survey of peer-reviewed publications, scientific online databases, authentic webpages, and regulatory guidelines found major phytochemicals namely, terpenes, fatty acids, phenylpropanoids, alkanes, lignans, flavonoids, coumarins, and indole alkaloids. Scientific names, synonyms were verified with www.theplantlist.org. Pharmacological evaluation of extracts and isolated biomarkers showed cholinesterase inhibitory, anxiolytic, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, antidiabetic, antidiarrhoeal activities, and toxicity through in-vitro, in-vivo studies. Human clinical trials were very few. Most of the pharmacological studies were not conducted as per current guidelines of natural products to ensure repeatability, safety, and translational use in human therapeutics. Rigorous pharmacological evaluation and randomized double-blind clinical trials are recommended to analyze the efficacy and therapeutic potential of nutmeg and wild nutmegs in anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, autism, schizophrenia, stroke, cancer, and others.
Substances chimiques
Phytochemicals
0
Plant Extracts
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
4632-4659Subventions
Organisme : Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Ministry of Science & Technology, Govt. of India, New Delhi
Organisme : Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Govt. of India, New Delhi
ID : BT/PR27725/NER/95/1349/2018
Organisme : Department of Science & Technology, Govt. of India
ID : DST/INSPIRE Fellowship/2017/IF170731
Informations de copyright
© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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