Influence of trimming, hoof angle and shoeing on breakover duration in sound horses examined with hoof-mounted inertial sensors.
breakover duration
gait analysis
hoof-mounted sensor
horse
shoeing
trimming
Journal
The Veterinary record
ISSN: 2042-7670
Titre abrégé: Vet Rec
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0031164
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Aug 2021
Aug 2021
Historique:
revised:
05
03
2021
received:
21
01
2021
accepted:
19
04
2021
pubmed:
17
5
2021
medline:
11
1
2022
entrez:
16
5
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Aim of the current in vivo, observational study was to investigate the effect of trimming, heel elevation and different types of shoeing on breakover duration (BreakD) with a novel, hoof-mounted inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor system. Ten sound, crossbred horses were examined barefoot before and after trimming fitted with an IMU sensor at the dorsal hoof wall. Additionally, application of 5° heel wedges, plain steel shoes, rolled-toe shoes and palmarly-placed quarter-clip shoes was tested. Horses were guided in a straight line on firm ground. Obtained data were speed corrected prior to calculations testing the influence of different manipulations for their significance on BreakD. Trimming had no significant influence on BreakD. Heel elevation caused a significant decrease of BreakD in walk and trot. Shoeing with a plain steel shoe resulted in a significant increase in BreakD in walk. This could be rescinded by creating a rolled toe or placing the shoe palmarly. Obtained results emphasize the use of heel wedges or rolled-toe and palmarly-placed shoes to ease breakover in the context of therapeutic shoeing. Hoof-mounted IMU sensors with high resolution seem to be a practical and valuable approach to accurately examine BreakD and factors influencing this parameter.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Observational Study, Veterinary
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e450Informations de copyright
© 2021 The Authors. Veterinary Record published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Veterinary Association.
Références
Ramey D. Evidence-based clinical question: do rolled or squared toes affect rate of breakover in horses? Equine Vet Educ. 2007;19(8):447-8.
Duberstein KJ, Johnson EL, Whitehead A. Effects of shortening breakover at the toe on gait kinematics at the walk and trot. J Equine Vet Sci. 2013;33(11):930-6.
Eliashar E, McGuigan MP, Rogers KA, Wilson AM. A comparison of three horseshoeing styles on the kinetics of breakover in sound horses. Equine Vet J. 2002;34(2):184-90.
Eliashar E, McGuigan MP, Wilson AM. Relationship of foot conformation and force applied to the navicular bone of sound horses at the trot. Equine Vet J. 2004;36(5):431-5.
van Heel MCV, van Weeren P, Back W. Shoeing sound Warmblood horses with a rolled toe optimises hoof-unrollment and lowers peak loading during breakover. Equine Vet J. 2006;38(3):258-62.
Eliashar E. An evidence-based assessment of the biomechanical effects of the common shoeing and farriery techniques. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2007;23(2):425-42.
Willemen MA, Savelberg HHCM, Barneveld A. The effect of orthopaedic shoeing on the force exerted by the deep digital flexor tendon on the navicular bone in horses. Equine Vet J. 1999;31(1):25-30.
Clayton HM. The effect of an acute hoof wall angulation on the stride kinematics of trotting horses. Equine Vet J. 1990;22(S9):86-90.
Chateau H, Degueurce C, Denoix J-M. Effects of 6° elevation of the heels on 3D kinematics of the distal portion of the forelimb in the walking horse. Equine Vet J. 2004;36(8):649-54.
Wilson AM, McGuigan MP, Pardoe CH. The biomechanical effect of wedged, eggbar and extension shoes in sound and lame horses. Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract. 2001;47:339-43.
Rogers CW, Back W. The effect of plain, eggbar and 6 degrees-wedge shoes on the distribution of pressure under the hoof of horses at the walk. N Z Vet J. 2007;55(3):120-4.
Willemen MA, Savelberg HHCM, Bruin G, Barneveld A. The effect of toe weights on linear and temporal stride characteristics of standardbred trotters. Vet Q. 1994;16(sup2): 97-100.
Singleton W, Clayton HM, Lanovaz J, Robles MP. Effects of shoeing on forelimb phase kinetics of trotting horses. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2003;16(1):16-20.
Willemen MA, Savelberg HHCM, Barneveld A. The improvement of the gait quality of sound trotting Warmblood horses by normal shoeing and its effect on the load on the lower forelimb. Livest Prod Sci. 1997;52(2):145-53.
Clayton HM, Sigafoos R, Curle RD. Effect of three shoe types on the duration of breakover in sound trotting horses. J Equine Vet Sci. 1991;11(2):129-32.
Weishaupt MA, Waldern NM, Amport C, Ramseier LC, Wiestner T. Effects of shoeing on intra- and inter-limb coordination and movement consistency in Icelandic horses at walk, tölt and trot. Vet J. 2013;198(Suppl 1):13.
Willemen MA, Savelberg HHCM, Jacobs MWH, Barneveld A. Biomechanical effects of rocker-toed shoes in sound horses. Vet Q. 1996;18(sup2):75-8.
Spaak B, van Heel MC, Back W. Toe modifications in hind feet shoes optimise hoof-unrollment in sound Warmblood horses at trot. Equine Vet J. 2012;45(4):485-9.
Tijssen M, Hernlund E, Rhodin M, Bosch S, Voskamp JP, Nielen M, Bragança FM. Automatic detection of break-over phase onset in horses using hoof-mounted intertial measurement unit sensors. PLoS One. 2020;15(5):1-14.
Moorman VJ, Reiser RF, Peterson ML, Mcllwraith CW, Kawcak CE. Effect of forelimb lameness on hoof kinematics of horses at a walk. Am J Vet Res. 2013;74(9):1192-7.
Scheffer CJ, Back W. Effects of ‘navicular’ shoeing on equine distal forelimb kinematics on different track surface. Vet Q. 2001;23(4):191-5.
Hagen J, Mäder D, Wuttke W, Vogel M. Immediate, short and long-term effects of hoof trimming on hoof-ground contact in the horse at the walk. Aust Equine Vet. 2017;36(1):57-67.
Hagen J, Mäder D, Wuttke W, Vogel M. Short- and long-term effects of different hoof trimming methods on the equine phalangeal alignment. Aust Equine Vet. 2018;37. In press.
Kane AJ, Stover SM, Gardner IA, Bock KB, Case JT, Johnson BJ, et al. Hoof size, shape, and balance as possible risk factors for catastrophic musculoskeletal injury of Thoroughbred racehorses. J Vet Res. 1998;59:1545-52.
Back W, Schamhardt HC, Barneveld A. Are kinematics of the walk related to the locomotion of a Warmblood horse at the trot? Vet Q. 1996;18(sup2):79-84.