Marketing to Children Inside Quick Service Restaurants: Differences by Community Demographics.
Journal
American journal of preventive medicine
ISSN: 1873-2607
Titre abrégé: Am J Prev Med
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 8704773
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
07 2021
07 2021
Historique:
received:
04
10
2020
revised:
04
12
2020
accepted:
12
01
2021
pubmed:
18
5
2021
medline:
29
6
2021
entrez:
17
5
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
In the U.S., children regularly consume foods from quick-service restaurants, but little is known about the marketing strategies currently used inside quick-service restaurants. This study aims to validate a child-focused Environmental Assessment Tool for quick-service restaurants, evaluate marketing strategies inside and on the exterior of quick-service restaurants, and examine differences by community race/ethnicity or income. The inter-rater and test-retest reliability of the Environmental Assessment Tool were assessed across the top 5 national quick-service restaurant chains. Marketing techniques in 165 quick-service restaurants (33 per national chain) in socioeconomically and racially/ethnically diverse communities throughout New England were examined in 2018-2019. Mixed methods ANOVA examined the differences in marketing techniques in 2020. The inter-rater and test-retest reliability of the Environmental Assessment Tool were high (Cohen's κ>0.80). Approximately 95% of quick-service restaurants marketed less healthy foods, whereas only 6.5% marketed healthy options. When examining the differences by community demographics, there were significantly more price promotion advertisements inside and on the exterior of quick-service restaurants in lower-income communities. In addition, there was a greater number of child-directed advertisements with cartoon or TV/movie characters as well as fewer healthy entrée options and more sugar-sweetened beverage and dessert options on the children's menu inside quick-service restaurants in communities with higher minority populations. Environmental Assessment Tool is a valid tool to evaluate marketing inside quick-service restaurants. Results suggest that there is a substantial amount of unhealthy food and beverage marketing inside quick-service restaurants, with differences in the number and types of techniques used in lower-income and minority communities. Policies that limit quick-service restaurant marketing to children should be considered.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33994053
pii: S0749-3797(21)00137-9
doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.01.035
pmc: PMC8277431
mid: NIHMS1703504
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
96-104Subventions
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : K01 DK107810
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Références
Health Place. 2017 Mar;44:18-34
pubmed: 28135633
NCHS Data Brief. 2020 Aug;(375):1-8
pubmed: 33054908
JAMA Pediatr. 2013 Jan;167(1):14-20
pubmed: 23128151
Annu Rev Nutr. 2004;24:455-79
pubmed: 15189128
Nutrients. 2020 Mar 11;12(3):
pubmed: 32168812
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004 Feb;28(2):282-9
pubmed: 14647177
J Am Diet Assoc. 2011 Jun;111(6):884-8
pubmed: 21616202
Pediatr Obes. 2018 Feb;13(2):103-110
pubmed: 27977909
Int J Obes (Lond). 2018 Sep;42(9):1661-1670
pubmed: 29907845
Obes Rev. 2008 Nov;9(6):535-47
pubmed: 18346099
Prev Chronic Dis. 2015 Mar 26;12:E40
pubmed: 25811495
Health Place. 2014 Sep;29:10-7
pubmed: 24945103
J Urban Health. 2012 Jun;89(3):486-99
pubmed: 22350513
Future Child. 2006 Spring;16(1):187-207
pubmed: 16532664
Am J Health Promot. 2015 Sep-Oct;30(1):9-18
pubmed: 24819996
Am J Prev Med. 2004 Oct;27(3):211-7
pubmed: 15450633
J Am Diet Assoc. 1998 Oct;98(10):1118-26
pubmed: 9787717
Am J Public Health. 2020 Mar;110(3):271-272
pubmed: 32023097
Health Aff (Millwood). 2015 Nov;34(11):1813-20
pubmed: 26526238
Annu Rev Public Health. 2010;31:349-69
pubmed: 20070196
Am J Prev Med. 2011 Oct;41(4):434-8
pubmed: 21961472
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007 Aug;161(8):792-7
pubmed: 17679662
Am J Public Health. 2008 Sep;98(9):1616-29
pubmed: 18633097
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Sep 29;17(19):
pubmed: 33003573
Am J Prev Med. 2007 Apr;32(4):273-81
pubmed: 17383558
Pediatrics. 2004 Jan;113(1 Pt 1):112-8
pubmed: 14702458
Pediatrics. 2005 Oct;116(4):e518-24
pubmed: 16199680
BMC Public Health. 2017 Mar 15;17(1):259
pubmed: 28298184
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2012 Apr;66(4):342-51
pubmed: 21098825
JAMA Netw Open. 2018 Jun;1(2):e180237
pubmed: 30498812
BMJ Open. 2014 Dec 08;4(12):e005813
pubmed: 25488096
Biometrics. 1977 Mar;33(1):159-74
pubmed: 843571
BMJ Open. 2013 Dec 05;3(12):e004277
pubmed: 24309174
Am J Prev Med. 2007 Oct;33(4 Suppl):S251-6
pubmed: 17884573