Multivessel PCI Guided by FFR or Angiography for Myocardial Infarction.

Aged Confidence Intervals Coronary Angiography Coronary Stenosis / surgery Female Follow-Up Studies Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial Humans Kaplan-Meier Estimate Male Middle Aged Myocardial Revascularization / methods Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / methods Proportional Hazards Models ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction / mortality Single-Blind Method Stents

Journal

The New England journal of medicine
ISSN: 1533-4406
Titre abrégé: N Engl J Med
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0255562

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
22 07 2021
Historique:
pubmed: 18 5 2021
medline: 29 7 2021
entrez: 17 5 2021
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

In patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who have multivessel disease, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for nonculprit lesions (complete revascularization) is superior to treatment of the culprit lesion alone. However, whether complete revascularization that is guided by fractional flow reserve (FFR) is superior to an angiography-guided procedure is unclear. In this multicenter trial, we randomly assigned patients with STEMI and multivessel disease who had undergone successful PCI of the infarct-related artery to receive complete revascularization guided by either FFR or angiography. The primary outcome was a composite of death from any cause, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unplanned hospitalization leading to urgent revascularization at 1 year. The mean (±SD) number of stents that were placed per patient for nonculprit lesions was 1.01±0.99 in the FFR-guided group and 1.50±0.86 in the angiography-guided group. During follow-up, a primary outcome event occurred in 32 of 586 patients (5.5%) in the FFR-guided group and in 24 of 577 patients (4.2%) in the angiography-guided group (hazard ratio, 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.78 to 2.23; P = 0.31). Death occurred in 9 patients (1.5%) in the FFR-guided group and in 10 (1.7%) in the angiography-guided group; nonfatal myocardial infarction in 18 (3.1%) and 10 (1.7%), respectively; and unplanned hospitalization leading to urgent revascularization in 15 (2.6%) and 11 (1.9%), respectively. In patients with STEMI undergoing complete revascularization, an FFR-guided strategy did not have a significant benefit over an angiography-guided strategy with respect to the risk of death, myocardial infarction, or urgent revascularization at 1 year. However, given the wide confidence intervals for the estimate of effect, the findings do not allow for a conclusive interpretation. (Funded by the French Ministry of Health and Abbott; FLOWER-MI ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02943954.).

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND
In patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who have multivessel disease, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for nonculprit lesions (complete revascularization) is superior to treatment of the culprit lesion alone. However, whether complete revascularization that is guided by fractional flow reserve (FFR) is superior to an angiography-guided procedure is unclear.
METHODS
In this multicenter trial, we randomly assigned patients with STEMI and multivessel disease who had undergone successful PCI of the infarct-related artery to receive complete revascularization guided by either FFR or angiography. The primary outcome was a composite of death from any cause, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unplanned hospitalization leading to urgent revascularization at 1 year.
RESULTS
The mean (±SD) number of stents that were placed per patient for nonculprit lesions was 1.01±0.99 in the FFR-guided group and 1.50±0.86 in the angiography-guided group. During follow-up, a primary outcome event occurred in 32 of 586 patients (5.5%) in the FFR-guided group and in 24 of 577 patients (4.2%) in the angiography-guided group (hazard ratio, 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.78 to 2.23; P = 0.31). Death occurred in 9 patients (1.5%) in the FFR-guided group and in 10 (1.7%) in the angiography-guided group; nonfatal myocardial infarction in 18 (3.1%) and 10 (1.7%), respectively; and unplanned hospitalization leading to urgent revascularization in 15 (2.6%) and 11 (1.9%), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
In patients with STEMI undergoing complete revascularization, an FFR-guided strategy did not have a significant benefit over an angiography-guided strategy with respect to the risk of death, myocardial infarction, or urgent revascularization at 1 year. However, given the wide confidence intervals for the estimate of effect, the findings do not allow for a conclusive interpretation. (Funded by the French Ministry of Health and Abbott; FLOWER-MI ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02943954.).

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2104650 PMID: 33999545
pubmed: 33999545
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2104650
doi:

Banques de données

ClinicalTrials.gov
['NCT02943954']

Types de publication

Comparative Study Journal Article Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

297-308

Subventions

Organisme : Abbott Laboratories
ID : Grant

Investigateurs

Etienne Puymirat (E)
Loic Belle (L)
Anne Bellemain-Apaix (A)
Jean-Noel Labeque (JN)
Francois Schiele (F)
Pierre Coste (P)
Marie Hauguel-Moreau (M)
Martine Gilard (M)
Eric Bonnefoy-Cudraz (E)
Vincent Roule (V)
Jean-Francois Morelle (JF)
Pascal Goube (P)
Jerome Clerc (J)
Brahim Harbaoui (B)
Sylvain Ranc (S)
Range Gregoire (R)
Pascal Motreff (P)
Emmanuel Teiger (E)
Yves Cottin (Y)
Gerald Vanzetto (G)
Yann Valy (Y)
Remy Cohen (R)
Marc Antoine Isorni (MA)
Jean-Marie Perron (JM)
Eric Van Belle (EV)
Thomas Cuisset (T)
Laurent Bonello (L)
Thierry Lefevre (T)
Khalife Khalife (K)
Olivier Nallet (O)
Francois Roubille (F)
Edoardo Camenzind (E)
Vincent Letocart (V)
Guillaume Cayla (G)
Gregory Ducrocq (G)
Johanne Silvain (J)
Jean-Guillaume Dillinger (JG)
Olivier Varenne (O)
Nicolas Delarche (N)
Lebreton Herve (L)
Eric Durand (E)
Patrick Ohlmann (P)
Thibault L'hermusier (T)
Jean Fajadet (J)
Stephan Chassaing (S)
Denis Angoulvant (D)
David Houpe (D)
Bernard Livarek (B)
Aures Chaib (A)
Gabin Legros (G)
Sebastien Levesque (S)

Commentaires et corrections

Type : CommentIn
Type : CommentIn

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2021 Massachusetts Medical Society.

Auteurs

Etienne Puymirat (E)

From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (E.P., D.B., N.D.), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Unité de Recherche Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unité 698 (T.S.), Université de Paris, INSERM Unité 1148, and Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP (P.G.S.), Sorbonne Université, ACTION Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie (AP-HP), INSERM UMRS 1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., J.S.), Clinical Research Unit Eco Ile de France, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP (I.D.-Z., A.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, INSERM Unité 942, Université de Paris (J.-G.D.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris (G.D.), the Clinical Research Unit and Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 INSERM, George Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP (A.C.N., G. Chatellier), and the French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials (E.P., T.S., P.G.S., G.L., D.B., G.D., N.D.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nîmes, Nîmes (G. Cayla), Service de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Université de Paris Est Créteil, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, and Unité 955-Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Equipe 03, INSERM, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort (R.G.), Hôpital du Bon Secours, Metz (K.K.), Clinique St. Martin (J.-F.M.) and the Cardiology Department, Caen University Hospital (V.R.), Caen, the Department of Cardiology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6602, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Heart and Lung Institute, CHU Lille (P.M.), and the Heart and Lung Institute, University Hospital of Lille, Institut Pasteur of Lille, INSERM Unité 1011 (G.L.), Lille, and the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, and the Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse (T.L.), Groupement de Coopération Saintaire de Cardiologie de la Côte Basque, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne (J.-N.L.), the Cardiology Department, Hôpitaux de Chartres, Chartres (G.R.), and Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires, Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, and the Cardiology Department, University Hospital Center of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon (Y.C.) - all in France; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Aalst, Belgium (B.D.B.); and the Department of Cardiology, Lausanne University Center Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.D.B.).

Guillaume Cayla (G)

From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (E.P., D.B., N.D.), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Unité de Recherche Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unité 698 (T.S.), Université de Paris, INSERM Unité 1148, and Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP (P.G.S.), Sorbonne Université, ACTION Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie (AP-HP), INSERM UMRS 1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., J.S.), Clinical Research Unit Eco Ile de France, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP (I.D.-Z., A.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, INSERM Unité 942, Université de Paris (J.-G.D.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris (G.D.), the Clinical Research Unit and Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 INSERM, George Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP (A.C.N., G. Chatellier), and the French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials (E.P., T.S., P.G.S., G.L., D.B., G.D., N.D.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nîmes, Nîmes (G. Cayla), Service de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Université de Paris Est Créteil, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, and Unité 955-Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Equipe 03, INSERM, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort (R.G.), Hôpital du Bon Secours, Metz (K.K.), Clinique St. Martin (J.-F.M.) and the Cardiology Department, Caen University Hospital (V.R.), Caen, the Department of Cardiology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6602, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Heart and Lung Institute, CHU Lille (P.M.), and the Heart and Lung Institute, University Hospital of Lille, Institut Pasteur of Lille, INSERM Unité 1011 (G.L.), Lille, and the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, and the Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse (T.L.), Groupement de Coopération Saintaire de Cardiologie de la Côte Basque, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne (J.-N.L.), the Cardiology Department, Hôpitaux de Chartres, Chartres (G.R.), and Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires, Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, and the Cardiology Department, University Hospital Center of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon (Y.C.) - all in France; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Aalst, Belgium (B.D.B.); and the Department of Cardiology, Lausanne University Center Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.D.B.).

Tabassome Simon (T)

From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (E.P., D.B., N.D.), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Unité de Recherche Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unité 698 (T.S.), Université de Paris, INSERM Unité 1148, and Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP (P.G.S.), Sorbonne Université, ACTION Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie (AP-HP), INSERM UMRS 1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., J.S.), Clinical Research Unit Eco Ile de France, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP (I.D.-Z., A.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, INSERM Unité 942, Université de Paris (J.-G.D.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris (G.D.), the Clinical Research Unit and Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 INSERM, George Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP (A.C.N., G. Chatellier), and the French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials (E.P., T.S., P.G.S., G.L., D.B., G.D., N.D.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nîmes, Nîmes (G. Cayla), Service de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Université de Paris Est Créteil, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, and Unité 955-Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Equipe 03, INSERM, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort (R.G.), Hôpital du Bon Secours, Metz (K.K.), Clinique St. Martin (J.-F.M.) and the Cardiology Department, Caen University Hospital (V.R.), Caen, the Department of Cardiology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6602, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Heart and Lung Institute, CHU Lille (P.M.), and the Heart and Lung Institute, University Hospital of Lille, Institut Pasteur of Lille, INSERM Unité 1011 (G.L.), Lille, and the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, and the Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse (T.L.), Groupement de Coopération Saintaire de Cardiologie de la Côte Basque, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne (J.-N.L.), the Cardiology Department, Hôpitaux de Chartres, Chartres (G.R.), and Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires, Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, and the Cardiology Department, University Hospital Center of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon (Y.C.) - all in France; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Aalst, Belgium (B.D.B.); and the Department of Cardiology, Lausanne University Center Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.D.B.).

Philippe G Steg (PG)

From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (E.P., D.B., N.D.), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Unité de Recherche Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unité 698 (T.S.), Université de Paris, INSERM Unité 1148, and Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP (P.G.S.), Sorbonne Université, ACTION Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie (AP-HP), INSERM UMRS 1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., J.S.), Clinical Research Unit Eco Ile de France, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP (I.D.-Z., A.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, INSERM Unité 942, Université de Paris (J.-G.D.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris (G.D.), the Clinical Research Unit and Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 INSERM, George Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP (A.C.N., G. Chatellier), and the French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials (E.P., T.S., P.G.S., G.L., D.B., G.D., N.D.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nîmes, Nîmes (G. Cayla), Service de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Université de Paris Est Créteil, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, and Unité 955-Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Equipe 03, INSERM, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort (R.G.), Hôpital du Bon Secours, Metz (K.K.), Clinique St. Martin (J.-F.M.) and the Cardiology Department, Caen University Hospital (V.R.), Caen, the Department of Cardiology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6602, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Heart and Lung Institute, CHU Lille (P.M.), and the Heart and Lung Institute, University Hospital of Lille, Institut Pasteur of Lille, INSERM Unité 1011 (G.L.), Lille, and the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, and the Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse (T.L.), Groupement de Coopération Saintaire de Cardiologie de la Côte Basque, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne (J.-N.L.), the Cardiology Department, Hôpitaux de Chartres, Chartres (G.R.), and Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires, Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, and the Cardiology Department, University Hospital Center of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon (Y.C.) - all in France; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Aalst, Belgium (B.D.B.); and the Department of Cardiology, Lausanne University Center Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.D.B.).
ORCID: 0000-0001-6896-2941

Gilles Montalescot (G)

From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (E.P., D.B., N.D.), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Unité de Recherche Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unité 698 (T.S.), Université de Paris, INSERM Unité 1148, and Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP (P.G.S.), Sorbonne Université, ACTION Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie (AP-HP), INSERM UMRS 1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., J.S.), Clinical Research Unit Eco Ile de France, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP (I.D.-Z., A.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, INSERM Unité 942, Université de Paris (J.-G.D.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris (G.D.), the Clinical Research Unit and Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 INSERM, George Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP (A.C.N., G. Chatellier), and the French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials (E.P., T.S., P.G.S., G.L., D.B., G.D., N.D.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nîmes, Nîmes (G. Cayla), Service de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Université de Paris Est Créteil, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, and Unité 955-Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Equipe 03, INSERM, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort (R.G.), Hôpital du Bon Secours, Metz (K.K.), Clinique St. Martin (J.-F.M.) and the Cardiology Department, Caen University Hospital (V.R.), Caen, the Department of Cardiology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6602, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Heart and Lung Institute, CHU Lille (P.M.), and the Heart and Lung Institute, University Hospital of Lille, Institut Pasteur of Lille, INSERM Unité 1011 (G.L.), Lille, and the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, and the Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse (T.L.), Groupement de Coopération Saintaire de Cardiologie de la Côte Basque, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne (J.-N.L.), the Cardiology Department, Hôpitaux de Chartres, Chartres (G.R.), and Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires, Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, and the Cardiology Department, University Hospital Center of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon (Y.C.) - all in France; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Aalst, Belgium (B.D.B.); and the Department of Cardiology, Lausanne University Center Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.D.B.).

Isabelle Durand-Zaleski (I)

From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (E.P., D.B., N.D.), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Unité de Recherche Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unité 698 (T.S.), Université de Paris, INSERM Unité 1148, and Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP (P.G.S.), Sorbonne Université, ACTION Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie (AP-HP), INSERM UMRS 1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., J.S.), Clinical Research Unit Eco Ile de France, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP (I.D.-Z., A.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, INSERM Unité 942, Université de Paris (J.-G.D.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris (G.D.), the Clinical Research Unit and Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 INSERM, George Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP (A.C.N., G. Chatellier), and the French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials (E.P., T.S., P.G.S., G.L., D.B., G.D., N.D.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nîmes, Nîmes (G. Cayla), Service de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Université de Paris Est Créteil, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, and Unité 955-Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Equipe 03, INSERM, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort (R.G.), Hôpital du Bon Secours, Metz (K.K.), Clinique St. Martin (J.-F.M.) and the Cardiology Department, Caen University Hospital (V.R.), Caen, the Department of Cardiology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6602, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Heart and Lung Institute, CHU Lille (P.M.), and the Heart and Lung Institute, University Hospital of Lille, Institut Pasteur of Lille, INSERM Unité 1011 (G.L.), Lille, and the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, and the Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse (T.L.), Groupement de Coopération Saintaire de Cardiologie de la Côte Basque, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne (J.-N.L.), the Cardiology Department, Hôpitaux de Chartres, Chartres (G.R.), and Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires, Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, and the Cardiology Department, University Hospital Center of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon (Y.C.) - all in France; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Aalst, Belgium (B.D.B.); and the Department of Cardiology, Lausanne University Center Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.D.B.).

Alicia le Bras (A)

From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (E.P., D.B., N.D.), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Unité de Recherche Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unité 698 (T.S.), Université de Paris, INSERM Unité 1148, and Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP (P.G.S.), Sorbonne Université, ACTION Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie (AP-HP), INSERM UMRS 1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., J.S.), Clinical Research Unit Eco Ile de France, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP (I.D.-Z., A.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, INSERM Unité 942, Université de Paris (J.-G.D.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris (G.D.), the Clinical Research Unit and Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 INSERM, George Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP (A.C.N., G. Chatellier), and the French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials (E.P., T.S., P.G.S., G.L., D.B., G.D., N.D.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nîmes, Nîmes (G. Cayla), Service de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Université de Paris Est Créteil, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, and Unité 955-Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Equipe 03, INSERM, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort (R.G.), Hôpital du Bon Secours, Metz (K.K.), Clinique St. Martin (J.-F.M.) and the Cardiology Department, Caen University Hospital (V.R.), Caen, the Department of Cardiology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6602, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Heart and Lung Institute, CHU Lille (P.M.), and the Heart and Lung Institute, University Hospital of Lille, Institut Pasteur of Lille, INSERM Unité 1011 (G.L.), Lille, and the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, and the Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse (T.L.), Groupement de Coopération Saintaire de Cardiologie de la Côte Basque, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne (J.-N.L.), the Cardiology Department, Hôpitaux de Chartres, Chartres (G.R.), and Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires, Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, and the Cardiology Department, University Hospital Center of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon (Y.C.) - all in France; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Aalst, Belgium (B.D.B.); and the Department of Cardiology, Lausanne University Center Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.D.B.).

Romain Gallet (R)

From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (E.P., D.B., N.D.), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Unité de Recherche Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unité 698 (T.S.), Université de Paris, INSERM Unité 1148, and Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP (P.G.S.), Sorbonne Université, ACTION Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie (AP-HP), INSERM UMRS 1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., J.S.), Clinical Research Unit Eco Ile de France, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP (I.D.-Z., A.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, INSERM Unité 942, Université de Paris (J.-G.D.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris (G.D.), the Clinical Research Unit and Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 INSERM, George Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP (A.C.N., G. Chatellier), and the French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials (E.P., T.S., P.G.S., G.L., D.B., G.D., N.D.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nîmes, Nîmes (G. Cayla), Service de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Université de Paris Est Créteil, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, and Unité 955-Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Equipe 03, INSERM, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort (R.G.), Hôpital du Bon Secours, Metz (K.K.), Clinique St. Martin (J.-F.M.) and the Cardiology Department, Caen University Hospital (V.R.), Caen, the Department of Cardiology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6602, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Heart and Lung Institute, CHU Lille (P.M.), and the Heart and Lung Institute, University Hospital of Lille, Institut Pasteur of Lille, INSERM Unité 1011 (G.L.), Lille, and the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, and the Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse (T.L.), Groupement de Coopération Saintaire de Cardiologie de la Côte Basque, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne (J.-N.L.), the Cardiology Department, Hôpitaux de Chartres, Chartres (G.R.), and Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires, Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, and the Cardiology Department, University Hospital Center of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon (Y.C.) - all in France; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Aalst, Belgium (B.D.B.); and the Department of Cardiology, Lausanne University Center Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.D.B.).

Khalife Khalife (K)

From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (E.P., D.B., N.D.), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Unité de Recherche Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unité 698 (T.S.), Université de Paris, INSERM Unité 1148, and Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP (P.G.S.), Sorbonne Université, ACTION Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie (AP-HP), INSERM UMRS 1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., J.S.), Clinical Research Unit Eco Ile de France, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP (I.D.-Z., A.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, INSERM Unité 942, Université de Paris (J.-G.D.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris (G.D.), the Clinical Research Unit and Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 INSERM, George Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP (A.C.N., G. Chatellier), and the French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials (E.P., T.S., P.G.S., G.L., D.B., G.D., N.D.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nîmes, Nîmes (G. Cayla), Service de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Université de Paris Est Créteil, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, and Unité 955-Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Equipe 03, INSERM, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort (R.G.), Hôpital du Bon Secours, Metz (K.K.), Clinique St. Martin (J.-F.M.) and the Cardiology Department, Caen University Hospital (V.R.), Caen, the Department of Cardiology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6602, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Heart and Lung Institute, CHU Lille (P.M.), and the Heart and Lung Institute, University Hospital of Lille, Institut Pasteur of Lille, INSERM Unité 1011 (G.L.), Lille, and the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, and the Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse (T.L.), Groupement de Coopération Saintaire de Cardiologie de la Côte Basque, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne (J.-N.L.), the Cardiology Department, Hôpitaux de Chartres, Chartres (G.R.), and Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires, Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, and the Cardiology Department, University Hospital Center of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon (Y.C.) - all in France; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Aalst, Belgium (B.D.B.); and the Department of Cardiology, Lausanne University Center Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.D.B.).

Jean-François Morelle (JF)

From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (E.P., D.B., N.D.), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Unité de Recherche Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unité 698 (T.S.), Université de Paris, INSERM Unité 1148, and Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP (P.G.S.), Sorbonne Université, ACTION Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie (AP-HP), INSERM UMRS 1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., J.S.), Clinical Research Unit Eco Ile de France, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP (I.D.-Z., A.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, INSERM Unité 942, Université de Paris (J.-G.D.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris (G.D.), the Clinical Research Unit and Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 INSERM, George Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP (A.C.N., G. Chatellier), and the French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials (E.P., T.S., P.G.S., G.L., D.B., G.D., N.D.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nîmes, Nîmes (G. Cayla), Service de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Université de Paris Est Créteil, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, and Unité 955-Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Equipe 03, INSERM, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort (R.G.), Hôpital du Bon Secours, Metz (K.K.), Clinique St. Martin (J.-F.M.) and the Cardiology Department, Caen University Hospital (V.R.), Caen, the Department of Cardiology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6602, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Heart and Lung Institute, CHU Lille (P.M.), and the Heart and Lung Institute, University Hospital of Lille, Institut Pasteur of Lille, INSERM Unité 1011 (G.L.), Lille, and the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, and the Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse (T.L.), Groupement de Coopération Saintaire de Cardiologie de la Côte Basque, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne (J.-N.L.), the Cardiology Department, Hôpitaux de Chartres, Chartres (G.R.), and Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires, Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, and the Cardiology Department, University Hospital Center of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon (Y.C.) - all in France; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Aalst, Belgium (B.D.B.); and the Department of Cardiology, Lausanne University Center Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.D.B.).

Pascal Motreff (P)

From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (E.P., D.B., N.D.), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Unité de Recherche Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unité 698 (T.S.), Université de Paris, INSERM Unité 1148, and Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP (P.G.S.), Sorbonne Université, ACTION Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie (AP-HP), INSERM UMRS 1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., J.S.), Clinical Research Unit Eco Ile de France, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP (I.D.-Z., A.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, INSERM Unité 942, Université de Paris (J.-G.D.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris (G.D.), the Clinical Research Unit and Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 INSERM, George Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP (A.C.N., G. Chatellier), and the French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials (E.P., T.S., P.G.S., G.L., D.B., G.D., N.D.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nîmes, Nîmes (G. Cayla), Service de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Université de Paris Est Créteil, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, and Unité 955-Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Equipe 03, INSERM, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort (R.G.), Hôpital du Bon Secours, Metz (K.K.), Clinique St. Martin (J.-F.M.) and the Cardiology Department, Caen University Hospital (V.R.), Caen, the Department of Cardiology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6602, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Heart and Lung Institute, CHU Lille (P.M.), and the Heart and Lung Institute, University Hospital of Lille, Institut Pasteur of Lille, INSERM Unité 1011 (G.L.), Lille, and the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, and the Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse (T.L.), Groupement de Coopération Saintaire de Cardiologie de la Côte Basque, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne (J.-N.L.), the Cardiology Department, Hôpitaux de Chartres, Chartres (G.R.), and Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires, Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, and the Cardiology Department, University Hospital Center of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon (Y.C.) - all in France; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Aalst, Belgium (B.D.B.); and the Department of Cardiology, Lausanne University Center Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.D.B.).

Gilles Lemesle (G)

From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (E.P., D.B., N.D.), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Unité de Recherche Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unité 698 (T.S.), Université de Paris, INSERM Unité 1148, and Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP (P.G.S.), Sorbonne Université, ACTION Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie (AP-HP), INSERM UMRS 1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., J.S.), Clinical Research Unit Eco Ile de France, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP (I.D.-Z., A.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, INSERM Unité 942, Université de Paris (J.-G.D.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris (G.D.), the Clinical Research Unit and Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 INSERM, George Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP (A.C.N., G. Chatellier), and the French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials (E.P., T.S., P.G.S., G.L., D.B., G.D., N.D.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nîmes, Nîmes (G. Cayla), Service de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Université de Paris Est Créteil, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, and Unité 955-Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Equipe 03, INSERM, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort (R.G.), Hôpital du Bon Secours, Metz (K.K.), Clinique St. Martin (J.-F.M.) and the Cardiology Department, Caen University Hospital (V.R.), Caen, the Department of Cardiology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6602, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Heart and Lung Institute, CHU Lille (P.M.), and the Heart and Lung Institute, University Hospital of Lille, Institut Pasteur of Lille, INSERM Unité 1011 (G.L.), Lille, and the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, and the Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse (T.L.), Groupement de Coopération Saintaire de Cardiologie de la Côte Basque, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne (J.-N.L.), the Cardiology Department, Hôpitaux de Chartres, Chartres (G.R.), and Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires, Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, and the Cardiology Department, University Hospital Center of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon (Y.C.) - all in France; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Aalst, Belgium (B.D.B.); and the Department of Cardiology, Lausanne University Center Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.D.B.).

Jean-Guillaume Dillinger (JG)

From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (E.P., D.B., N.D.), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Unité de Recherche Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unité 698 (T.S.), Université de Paris, INSERM Unité 1148, and Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP (P.G.S.), Sorbonne Université, ACTION Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie (AP-HP), INSERM UMRS 1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., J.S.), Clinical Research Unit Eco Ile de France, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP (I.D.-Z., A.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, INSERM Unité 942, Université de Paris (J.-G.D.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris (G.D.), the Clinical Research Unit and Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 INSERM, George Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP (A.C.N., G. Chatellier), and the French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials (E.P., T.S., P.G.S., G.L., D.B., G.D., N.D.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nîmes, Nîmes (G. Cayla), Service de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Université de Paris Est Créteil, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, and Unité 955-Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Equipe 03, INSERM, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort (R.G.), Hôpital du Bon Secours, Metz (K.K.), Clinique St. Martin (J.-F.M.) and the Cardiology Department, Caen University Hospital (V.R.), Caen, the Department of Cardiology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6602, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Heart and Lung Institute, CHU Lille (P.M.), and the Heart and Lung Institute, University Hospital of Lille, Institut Pasteur of Lille, INSERM Unité 1011 (G.L.), Lille, and the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, and the Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse (T.L.), Groupement de Coopération Saintaire de Cardiologie de la Côte Basque, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne (J.-N.L.), the Cardiology Department, Hôpitaux de Chartres, Chartres (G.R.), and Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires, Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, and the Cardiology Department, University Hospital Center of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon (Y.C.) - all in France; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Aalst, Belgium (B.D.B.); and the Department of Cardiology, Lausanne University Center Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.D.B.).

Thibault Lhermusier (T)

From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (E.P., D.B., N.D.), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Unité de Recherche Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unité 698 (T.S.), Université de Paris, INSERM Unité 1148, and Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP (P.G.S.), Sorbonne Université, ACTION Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie (AP-HP), INSERM UMRS 1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., J.S.), Clinical Research Unit Eco Ile de France, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP (I.D.-Z., A.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, INSERM Unité 942, Université de Paris (J.-G.D.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris (G.D.), the Clinical Research Unit and Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 INSERM, George Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP (A.C.N., G. Chatellier), and the French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials (E.P., T.S., P.G.S., G.L., D.B., G.D., N.D.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nîmes, Nîmes (G. Cayla), Service de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Université de Paris Est Créteil, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, and Unité 955-Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Equipe 03, INSERM, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort (R.G.), Hôpital du Bon Secours, Metz (K.K.), Clinique St. Martin (J.-F.M.) and the Cardiology Department, Caen University Hospital (V.R.), Caen, the Department of Cardiology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6602, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Heart and Lung Institute, CHU Lille (P.M.), and the Heart and Lung Institute, University Hospital of Lille, Institut Pasteur of Lille, INSERM Unité 1011 (G.L.), Lille, and the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, and the Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse (T.L.), Groupement de Coopération Saintaire de Cardiologie de la Côte Basque, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne (J.-N.L.), the Cardiology Department, Hôpitaux de Chartres, Chartres (G.R.), and Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires, Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, and the Cardiology Department, University Hospital Center of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon (Y.C.) - all in France; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Aalst, Belgium (B.D.B.); and the Department of Cardiology, Lausanne University Center Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.D.B.).

Johanne Silvain (J)

From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (E.P., D.B., N.D.), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Unité de Recherche Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unité 698 (T.S.), Université de Paris, INSERM Unité 1148, and Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP (P.G.S.), Sorbonne Université, ACTION Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie (AP-HP), INSERM UMRS 1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., J.S.), Clinical Research Unit Eco Ile de France, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP (I.D.-Z., A.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, INSERM Unité 942, Université de Paris (J.-G.D.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris (G.D.), the Clinical Research Unit and Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 INSERM, George Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP (A.C.N., G. Chatellier), and the French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials (E.P., T.S., P.G.S., G.L., D.B., G.D., N.D.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nîmes, Nîmes (G. Cayla), Service de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Université de Paris Est Créteil, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, and Unité 955-Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Equipe 03, INSERM, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort (R.G.), Hôpital du Bon Secours, Metz (K.K.), Clinique St. Martin (J.-F.M.) and the Cardiology Department, Caen University Hospital (V.R.), Caen, the Department of Cardiology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6602, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Heart and Lung Institute, CHU Lille (P.M.), and the Heart and Lung Institute, University Hospital of Lille, Institut Pasteur of Lille, INSERM Unité 1011 (G.L.), Lille, and the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, and the Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse (T.L.), Groupement de Coopération Saintaire de Cardiologie de la Côte Basque, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne (J.-N.L.), the Cardiology Department, Hôpitaux de Chartres, Chartres (G.R.), and Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires, Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, and the Cardiology Department, University Hospital Center of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon (Y.C.) - all in France; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Aalst, Belgium (B.D.B.); and the Department of Cardiology, Lausanne University Center Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.D.B.).

Vincent Roule (V)

From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (E.P., D.B., N.D.), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Unité de Recherche Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unité 698 (T.S.), Université de Paris, INSERM Unité 1148, and Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP (P.G.S.), Sorbonne Université, ACTION Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie (AP-HP), INSERM UMRS 1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., J.S.), Clinical Research Unit Eco Ile de France, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP (I.D.-Z., A.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, INSERM Unité 942, Université de Paris (J.-G.D.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris (G.D.), the Clinical Research Unit and Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 INSERM, George Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP (A.C.N., G. Chatellier), and the French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials (E.P., T.S., P.G.S., G.L., D.B., G.D., N.D.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nîmes, Nîmes (G. Cayla), Service de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Université de Paris Est Créteil, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, and Unité 955-Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Equipe 03, INSERM, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort (R.G.), Hôpital du Bon Secours, Metz (K.K.), Clinique St. Martin (J.-F.M.) and the Cardiology Department, Caen University Hospital (V.R.), Caen, the Department of Cardiology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6602, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Heart and Lung Institute, CHU Lille (P.M.), and the Heart and Lung Institute, University Hospital of Lille, Institut Pasteur of Lille, INSERM Unité 1011 (G.L.), Lille, and the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, and the Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse (T.L.), Groupement de Coopération Saintaire de Cardiologie de la Côte Basque, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne (J.-N.L.), the Cardiology Department, Hôpitaux de Chartres, Chartres (G.R.), and Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires, Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, and the Cardiology Department, University Hospital Center of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon (Y.C.) - all in France; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Aalst, Belgium (B.D.B.); and the Department of Cardiology, Lausanne University Center Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.D.B.).

Jean-Noel Labèque (JN)

From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (E.P., D.B., N.D.), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Unité de Recherche Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unité 698 (T.S.), Université de Paris, INSERM Unité 1148, and Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP (P.G.S.), Sorbonne Université, ACTION Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie (AP-HP), INSERM UMRS 1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., J.S.), Clinical Research Unit Eco Ile de France, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP (I.D.-Z., A.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, INSERM Unité 942, Université de Paris (J.-G.D.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris (G.D.), the Clinical Research Unit and Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 INSERM, George Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP (A.C.N., G. Chatellier), and the French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials (E.P., T.S., P.G.S., G.L., D.B., G.D., N.D.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nîmes, Nîmes (G. Cayla), Service de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Université de Paris Est Créteil, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, and Unité 955-Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Equipe 03, INSERM, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort (R.G.), Hôpital du Bon Secours, Metz (K.K.), Clinique St. Martin (J.-F.M.) and the Cardiology Department, Caen University Hospital (V.R.), Caen, the Department of Cardiology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6602, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Heart and Lung Institute, CHU Lille (P.M.), and the Heart and Lung Institute, University Hospital of Lille, Institut Pasteur of Lille, INSERM Unité 1011 (G.L.), Lille, and the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, and the Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse (T.L.), Groupement de Coopération Saintaire de Cardiologie de la Côte Basque, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne (J.-N.L.), the Cardiology Department, Hôpitaux de Chartres, Chartres (G.R.), and Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires, Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, and the Cardiology Department, University Hospital Center of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon (Y.C.) - all in France; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Aalst, Belgium (B.D.B.); and the Department of Cardiology, Lausanne University Center Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.D.B.).

Grégoire Rangé (G)

From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (E.P., D.B., N.D.), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Unité de Recherche Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unité 698 (T.S.), Université de Paris, INSERM Unité 1148, and Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP (P.G.S.), Sorbonne Université, ACTION Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie (AP-HP), INSERM UMRS 1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., J.S.), Clinical Research Unit Eco Ile de France, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP (I.D.-Z., A.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, INSERM Unité 942, Université de Paris (J.-G.D.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris (G.D.), the Clinical Research Unit and Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 INSERM, George Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP (A.C.N., G. Chatellier), and the French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials (E.P., T.S., P.G.S., G.L., D.B., G.D., N.D.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nîmes, Nîmes (G. Cayla), Service de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Université de Paris Est Créteil, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, and Unité 955-Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Equipe 03, INSERM, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort (R.G.), Hôpital du Bon Secours, Metz (K.K.), Clinique St. Martin (J.-F.M.) and the Cardiology Department, Caen University Hospital (V.R.), Caen, the Department of Cardiology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6602, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Heart and Lung Institute, CHU Lille (P.M.), and the Heart and Lung Institute, University Hospital of Lille, Institut Pasteur of Lille, INSERM Unité 1011 (G.L.), Lille, and the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, and the Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse (T.L.), Groupement de Coopération Saintaire de Cardiologie de la Côte Basque, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne (J.-N.L.), the Cardiology Department, Hôpitaux de Chartres, Chartres (G.R.), and Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires, Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, and the Cardiology Department, University Hospital Center of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon (Y.C.) - all in France; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Aalst, Belgium (B.D.B.); and the Department of Cardiology, Lausanne University Center Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.D.B.).

Grégory Ducrocq (G)

From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (E.P., D.B., N.D.), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Unité de Recherche Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unité 698 (T.S.), Université de Paris, INSERM Unité 1148, and Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP (P.G.S.), Sorbonne Université, ACTION Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie (AP-HP), INSERM UMRS 1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., J.S.), Clinical Research Unit Eco Ile de France, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP (I.D.-Z., A.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, INSERM Unité 942, Université de Paris (J.-G.D.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris (G.D.), the Clinical Research Unit and Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 INSERM, George Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP (A.C.N., G. Chatellier), and the French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials (E.P., T.S., P.G.S., G.L., D.B., G.D., N.D.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nîmes, Nîmes (G. Cayla), Service de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Université de Paris Est Créteil, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, and Unité 955-Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Equipe 03, INSERM, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort (R.G.), Hôpital du Bon Secours, Metz (K.K.), Clinique St. Martin (J.-F.M.) and the Cardiology Department, Caen University Hospital (V.R.), Caen, the Department of Cardiology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6602, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Heart and Lung Institute, CHU Lille (P.M.), and the Heart and Lung Institute, University Hospital of Lille, Institut Pasteur of Lille, INSERM Unité 1011 (G.L.), Lille, and the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, and the Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse (T.L.), Groupement de Coopération Saintaire de Cardiologie de la Côte Basque, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne (J.-N.L.), the Cardiology Department, Hôpitaux de Chartres, Chartres (G.R.), and Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires, Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, and the Cardiology Department, University Hospital Center of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon (Y.C.) - all in France; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Aalst, Belgium (B.D.B.); and the Department of Cardiology, Lausanne University Center Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.D.B.).

Yves Cottin (Y)

From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (E.P., D.B., N.D.), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Unité de Recherche Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unité 698 (T.S.), Université de Paris, INSERM Unité 1148, and Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP (P.G.S.), Sorbonne Université, ACTION Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie (AP-HP), INSERM UMRS 1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., J.S.), Clinical Research Unit Eco Ile de France, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP (I.D.-Z., A.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, INSERM Unité 942, Université de Paris (J.-G.D.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris (G.D.), the Clinical Research Unit and Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 INSERM, George Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP (A.C.N., G. Chatellier), and the French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials (E.P., T.S., P.G.S., G.L., D.B., G.D., N.D.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nîmes, Nîmes (G. Cayla), Service de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Université de Paris Est Créteil, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, and Unité 955-Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Equipe 03, INSERM, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort (R.G.), Hôpital du Bon Secours, Metz (K.K.), Clinique St. Martin (J.-F.M.) and the Cardiology Department, Caen University Hospital (V.R.), Caen, the Department of Cardiology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6602, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Heart and Lung Institute, CHU Lille (P.M.), and the Heart and Lung Institute, University Hospital of Lille, Institut Pasteur of Lille, INSERM Unité 1011 (G.L.), Lille, and the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, and the Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse (T.L.), Groupement de Coopération Saintaire de Cardiologie de la Côte Basque, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne (J.-N.L.), the Cardiology Department, Hôpitaux de Chartres, Chartres (G.R.), and Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires, Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, and the Cardiology Department, University Hospital Center of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon (Y.C.) - all in France; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Aalst, Belgium (B.D.B.); and the Department of Cardiology, Lausanne University Center Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.D.B.).

Didier Blanchard (D)

From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (E.P., D.B., N.D.), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Unité de Recherche Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unité 698 (T.S.), Université de Paris, INSERM Unité 1148, and Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP (P.G.S.), Sorbonne Université, ACTION Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie (AP-HP), INSERM UMRS 1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., J.S.), Clinical Research Unit Eco Ile de France, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP (I.D.-Z., A.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, INSERM Unité 942, Université de Paris (J.-G.D.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris (G.D.), the Clinical Research Unit and Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 INSERM, George Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP (A.C.N., G. Chatellier), and the French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials (E.P., T.S., P.G.S., G.L., D.B., G.D., N.D.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nîmes, Nîmes (G. Cayla), Service de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Université de Paris Est Créteil, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, and Unité 955-Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Equipe 03, INSERM, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort (R.G.), Hôpital du Bon Secours, Metz (K.K.), Clinique St. Martin (J.-F.M.) and the Cardiology Department, Caen University Hospital (V.R.), Caen, the Department of Cardiology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6602, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Heart and Lung Institute, CHU Lille (P.M.), and the Heart and Lung Institute, University Hospital of Lille, Institut Pasteur of Lille, INSERM Unité 1011 (G.L.), Lille, and the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, and the Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse (T.L.), Groupement de Coopération Saintaire de Cardiologie de la Côte Basque, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne (J.-N.L.), the Cardiology Department, Hôpitaux de Chartres, Chartres (G.R.), and Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires, Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, and the Cardiology Department, University Hospital Center of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon (Y.C.) - all in France; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Aalst, Belgium (B.D.B.); and the Department of Cardiology, Lausanne University Center Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.D.B.).

Anaïs Charles Nelson (A)

From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (E.P., D.B., N.D.), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Unité de Recherche Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unité 698 (T.S.), Université de Paris, INSERM Unité 1148, and Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP (P.G.S.), Sorbonne Université, ACTION Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie (AP-HP), INSERM UMRS 1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., J.S.), Clinical Research Unit Eco Ile de France, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP (I.D.-Z., A.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, INSERM Unité 942, Université de Paris (J.-G.D.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris (G.D.), the Clinical Research Unit and Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 INSERM, George Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP (A.C.N., G. Chatellier), and the French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials (E.P., T.S., P.G.S., G.L., D.B., G.D., N.D.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nîmes, Nîmes (G. Cayla), Service de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Université de Paris Est Créteil, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, and Unité 955-Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Equipe 03, INSERM, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort (R.G.), Hôpital du Bon Secours, Metz (K.K.), Clinique St. Martin (J.-F.M.) and the Cardiology Department, Caen University Hospital (V.R.), Caen, the Department of Cardiology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6602, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Heart and Lung Institute, CHU Lille (P.M.), and the Heart and Lung Institute, University Hospital of Lille, Institut Pasteur of Lille, INSERM Unité 1011 (G.L.), Lille, and the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, and the Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse (T.L.), Groupement de Coopération Saintaire de Cardiologie de la Côte Basque, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne (J.-N.L.), the Cardiology Department, Hôpitaux de Chartres, Chartres (G.R.), and Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires, Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, and the Cardiology Department, University Hospital Center of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon (Y.C.) - all in France; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Aalst, Belgium (B.D.B.); and the Department of Cardiology, Lausanne University Center Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.D.B.).

Bernard De Bruyne (B)

From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (E.P., D.B., N.D.), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Unité de Recherche Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unité 698 (T.S.), Université de Paris, INSERM Unité 1148, and Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP (P.G.S.), Sorbonne Université, ACTION Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie (AP-HP), INSERM UMRS 1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., J.S.), Clinical Research Unit Eco Ile de France, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP (I.D.-Z., A.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, INSERM Unité 942, Université de Paris (J.-G.D.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris (G.D.), the Clinical Research Unit and Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 INSERM, George Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP (A.C.N., G. Chatellier), and the French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials (E.P., T.S., P.G.S., G.L., D.B., G.D., N.D.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nîmes, Nîmes (G. Cayla), Service de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Université de Paris Est Créteil, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, and Unité 955-Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Equipe 03, INSERM, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort (R.G.), Hôpital du Bon Secours, Metz (K.K.), Clinique St. Martin (J.-F.M.) and the Cardiology Department, Caen University Hospital (V.R.), Caen, the Department of Cardiology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6602, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Heart and Lung Institute, CHU Lille (P.M.), and the Heart and Lung Institute, University Hospital of Lille, Institut Pasteur of Lille, INSERM Unité 1011 (G.L.), Lille, and the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, and the Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse (T.L.), Groupement de Coopération Saintaire de Cardiologie de la Côte Basque, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne (J.-N.L.), the Cardiology Department, Hôpitaux de Chartres, Chartres (G.R.), and Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires, Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, and the Cardiology Department, University Hospital Center of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon (Y.C.) - all in France; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Aalst, Belgium (B.D.B.); and the Department of Cardiology, Lausanne University Center Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.D.B.).

Gilles Chatellier (G)

From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (E.P., D.B., N.D.), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Unité de Recherche Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unité 698 (T.S.), Université de Paris, INSERM Unité 1148, and Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP (P.G.S.), Sorbonne Université, ACTION Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie (AP-HP), INSERM UMRS 1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., J.S.), Clinical Research Unit Eco Ile de France, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP (I.D.-Z., A.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, INSERM Unité 942, Université de Paris (J.-G.D.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris (G.D.), the Clinical Research Unit and Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 INSERM, George Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP (A.C.N., G. Chatellier), and the French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials (E.P., T.S., P.G.S., G.L., D.B., G.D., N.D.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nîmes, Nîmes (G. Cayla), Service de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Université de Paris Est Créteil, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, and Unité 955-Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Equipe 03, INSERM, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort (R.G.), Hôpital du Bon Secours, Metz (K.K.), Clinique St. Martin (J.-F.M.) and the Cardiology Department, Caen University Hospital (V.R.), Caen, the Department of Cardiology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6602, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Heart and Lung Institute, CHU Lille (P.M.), and the Heart and Lung Institute, University Hospital of Lille, Institut Pasteur of Lille, INSERM Unité 1011 (G.L.), Lille, and the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, and the Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse (T.L.), Groupement de Coopération Saintaire de Cardiologie de la Côte Basque, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne (J.-N.L.), the Cardiology Department, Hôpitaux de Chartres, Chartres (G.R.), and Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires, Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, and the Cardiology Department, University Hospital Center of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon (Y.C.) - all in France; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Aalst, Belgium (B.D.B.); and the Department of Cardiology, Lausanne University Center Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.D.B.).

Nicolas Danchin (N)

From Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (E.P., D.B., N.D.), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Unité de Recherche Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unité 698 (T.S.), Université de Paris, INSERM Unité 1148, and Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP (P.G.S.), Sorbonne Université, ACTION Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie (AP-HP), INSERM UMRS 1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (G.M., J.S.), Clinical Research Unit Eco Ile de France, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP (I.D.-Z., A.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, INSERM Unité 942, Université de Paris (J.-G.D.), the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris (G.D.), the Clinical Research Unit and Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 INSERM, George Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP (A.C.N., G. Chatellier), and the French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials (E.P., T.S., P.G.S., G.L., D.B., G.D., N.D.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nîmes, Nîmes (G. Cayla), Service de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Université de Paris Est Créteil, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, and Unité 955-Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Equipe 03, INSERM, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort (R.G.), Hôpital du Bon Secours, Metz (K.K.), Clinique St. Martin (J.-F.M.) and the Cardiology Department, Caen University Hospital (V.R.), Caen, the Department of Cardiology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6602, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Heart and Lung Institute, CHU Lille (P.M.), and the Heart and Lung Institute, University Hospital of Lille, Institut Pasteur of Lille, INSERM Unité 1011 (G.L.), Lille, and the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, and the Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse (T.L.), Groupement de Coopération Saintaire de Cardiologie de la Côte Basque, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne (J.-N.L.), the Cardiology Department, Hôpitaux de Chartres, Chartres (G.R.), and Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires, Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, and the Cardiology Department, University Hospital Center of Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon (Y.C.) - all in France; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Aalst, Belgium (B.D.B.); and the Department of Cardiology, Lausanne University Center Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.D.B.).

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Classifications MeSH

questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Adulte › Sujet âgé › Multivessel PCI Guided by FFR or Angiography...
questionsmedicales.fr › Environnement et santé publique › Santé publique › Méthodes épidémiologiques › Statistiques comme sujet › Intervalles de confiance › Multivessel PCI Guided by FFR or Angiography...
questionsmedicales.fr › Diagnostic › Techniques et procédures diagnostiques › Techniques de diagnostic cardiovasculaire › Tests de la fonction cardiaque › Coronarographie › Multivessel PCI Guided by FFR or Angiography...
questionsmedicales.fr › Maladies cardiovasculaires › Maladies vasculaires › Ischémie myocardique › Maladie coronarienne › Sténose coronarienne › Multivessel PCI Guided by FFR or Angiography...
questionsmedicales.fr › Environnement et santé publique › Santé publique › Méthodes épidémiologiques › Caractéristiques des études épidémiologiques › Études épidémiologiques › Études de cohortes › Études de suivi › Multivessel PCI Guided by FFR or Angiography...
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes physiologiques respiratoires et circulatoires › Phénomènes physiologiques cardiovasculaires › Circulation sanguine › Circulation coronarienne › Fraction du flux de réserve coronaire › Multivessel PCI Guided by FFR or Angiography...
questionsmedicales.fr › Eucaryotes › Animaux › Chordés › Vertébrés › Mammifères › Eutheria › Primates › Haplorhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Humains › Multivessel PCI Guided by FFR or Angiography...
questionsmedicales.fr › Environnement et santé publique › Santé publique › Méthodes épidémiologiques › Statistiques comme sujet › Analyse de survie › Estimation de Kaplan-Meier › Multivessel PCI Guided by FFR or Angiography...
questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Adulte › Adulte d'âge moyen › Multivessel PCI Guided by FFR or Angiography...
questionsmedicales.fr › Procédures de chirurgie opératoire › Procédures de chirurgie thoracique › Procédures de chirurgie cardiaque › Revascularisation myocardique › Multivessel PCI Guided by FFR or Angiography...
questionsmedicales.fr › Procédures de chirurgie opératoire › Interventions chirurgicales mini-invasives › Procédures endovasculaires › Intervention coronarienne percutanée › Multivessel PCI Guided by FFR or Angiography...
questionsmedicales.fr › Environnement et santé publique › Santé publique › Méthodes épidémiologiques › Statistiques comme sujet › Analyse de survie › Modèles des risques proportionnels › Multivessel PCI Guided by FFR or Angiography...
questionsmedicales.fr › États, signes et symptômes pathologiques › Processus pathologiques › Nécrose › Infarctus › Infarctus du myocarde › Infarctus du myocarde avec sus-décalage du segment ST › Multivessel PCI Guided by FFR or Angiography...
questionsmedicales.fr › Environnement et santé publique › Santé publique › Méthodes épidémiologiques › Méthodologie en recherche épidémiologique › Méthode en simple aveugle › Multivessel PCI Guided by FFR or Angiography...
questionsmedicales.fr › Équipement et fournitures › Prothèses et implants › Endoprothèses › Multivessel PCI Guided by FFR or Angiography...